防污涂料的研究及其发展

叙述了海洋防污涂料的类型与研究现状,介绍了新型环保的低表面能防污涂层技术在海洋防污方面的应用,重点介绍了有机硅涂料、有机氟涂层以及绿色防污涂料国内外研究进展和应用现状,展望了海洋防污涂料技术发展前景.     

船舶低表面能防污涂料研究进展

本文论述了低表面能防污涂料的机理和研究进展,展望了仿生技术在低表面能防污涂料研究中的应用前景。     

基于表面改性技术的聚氨酯/脲涂层附着性能研究进展

简单介绍了聚氨酯/脲涂层的附着机理研究,从机械表面处理、化学表面改性两个方面综述了表面改性技术在聚氨酯/脲涂料附着性能研究中的应用,并对聚氨酯/脲涂料未来的研究方向提出展望。     

超疏水表面制备的研究进展

近年来,在研究领域接触角大于150°的超疏水表面有着巨大的吸引力.超疏水表面一般通过构造一定表面粗糙度和用低表面自由能物质修饰表明而成.文章简单的介绍了疏水表面的基础理论和最新研究进展.虽然超疏水表面在实际应用中还有一定的限制,但这些困难都将慢慢被克服,最后超疏水表面将应用在各种不同的工业领域.     

有机硅表面助剂在涂料工业中的应用

文章主要讨论了有机硅表面助剂在涂料工业中的应用。涂料涂膜表面的缺陷不仅影响涂膜的装饰效果,而且会降低或损害其保护功能。通过对涂膜表面缺陷的表现及产生原因进行分析,得到有机硅表面助剂是防止这些表面缺陷的最有效助剂。文章介绍了有机硅表面助剂的分类及化学结构,并对有机硅表面助剂在涂料工业中的用途进行讨论。     

低表面处理涂料技术现状及发展趋势

介绍了渗透型、稳定型、转化型以及功能型低表面处理涂料的主要技术特点和发展状况.提出厚浆型长效防腐低表面处理涂料与水性低表面处理涂料将是该类涂料的发展方向.     

表面容忍性涂料的应用和性能评定

介绍了IMO（国际海事组织）颁布的新建和维修钢结构的表面处理等级,以及表面容忍性涂料在锈蚀、污染和旧涂层等非理想表面上的应用。还介绍了几种表面容忍性涂料性能评定的案例。     

表面活性剂在涂料技术中的应用

本文论述了表面活性剂在涂料的乳化聚合、清洗、润湿、分散、消泡等方面的应用。对涂料的动态表面张力效应及涂料技术中的问题和可能的解决方法都进行了讨论。     

快干型氟碳涂料在混凝土结构湿表面涂装中的应用

介绍了混凝土结构湿表面的腐蚀环境和涂装环境特点，综述了快干型氟碳涂料的主要技术特点以及快干型氟碳涂料在混凝土湿表面涂装中的应用。     

低表面能有机硅及其改性防污涂料的研究进展

概述了低表面能防污涂料的发展现状,有机硅低表面能防污涂料的影响因素及其防污机理、低表面能防污涂料的分类、有机硅改性低表面能防污涂料的研究状况。重点介绍了有机硅低表面能微结构构筑技术,提出了表面微结构构筑正在成为未来防污领域发展的重点,总结了低表面能防污涂料的不足,并展望了其发展趋势。     

Superhydrophobic coatings for aluminium surfaces synthesized by chemical etching process

In this paper, the superhydrophobic coatings on aluminium surfaces were prepared by two-step (chemical etching followed by coating) and one-step (chemical etching and coating in a single step) processes using potassium hydroxide and lauric acid. Besides, surface immersion time in solutions was varied in both processes. Wettability and surface morphologies of treated aluminium surfaces were characterized using contact angle measurement technique and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. Microstructures are formed on the treated aluminium surfaces which lead to increase in contact angle of the surface (>150°). Also on increasing immersion time, contact angle further increases due to increase in size and depth of microstructures. Additionally, these superhydrophobic coatings show excellent self-cleaning and corrosion-resistant behavior. Water jet impact, floatation on water surface, and low temperature condensation tests assert the excellent water-repellent nature of coatings. Further, coatings are to be found mechanically, thermally, and ultraviolet stable. Along with, these coatings are found to be excellent regeneration ability as verified experimentally. Although aforesaid both processes generate durable and regenerable superhydrophobic aluminium surfaces with excellent self-cleaning, corrosion-resistant, and water-repellent characteristics, but one-step process is proved more efficient and less time consuming than two-step process and promises to produce superhydrophobic coatings for industrial applications.     

透明超疏水SiO2/硅酮胶复合涂层的制备及性能

以疏水纳米SiO_2和中性硅酮结构胶为主要原料,采用喷涂法在玻璃表面制备出透明超疏水SiO_2/硅酮胶复合涂层。采用FTIR、SEM、接触角测量仪和紫外-可见分光光度计对复合涂层的分子结构、微观形貌、润湿性和透光率进行表征。讨论了纳米SiO_2的添加量与涂层表面微结构、水接触角、透明性三者的关系,考察了复合涂层的耐水冲击性能和耐水稳定性能。结果表明:SiO_2/硅酮胶复合涂层表面呈连续的多孔网络状,团聚的SiO_2纳米粒子分散在作为骨架的亚微米级硅酮胶周围,构成了微纳米双尺度的复合粗糙结构。当SiO_2质量分数为2.0%时,复合涂层的水接触角达到最大为169.8°±0.7°,在380～760nm可见光范围内的平均透光率为82.9%;当硅酮胶质量分数为4%时,复合涂层分别经5 h水冲击以及10 d水浸泡后,水接触角仍保持在140°以上。     

有机硅和氟树脂在海洋防污涂料中的应用研究进展

海洋生物污损是一个世界性难题,随着人们环境保护意识的增强,发展有效的环保型海洋防污体系成为该领域最重要的研究方向。有机硅/氟基海洋防污涂料具有环保无毒的特点,是目前的研究热点之一。文章概述了有机硅和氟低表面能防污涂料的研究进展,重点介绍了基于仿生原理的有机硅/氟污损释放型防污涂料,论述了材料表面特性包括物理特性、化学特性、结构特征等对生物附着的影响,介绍了两亲性添加剂改性的有机硅防污涂料的开发,展望了污损释放型防污涂料未来的发展方向。     

Robust superhydrophobic fabrics by infusing structured polydimethylsiloxane films

Superhydrophobic coatings have large application potential in self-cleaning textiles. Low durability, high cost of fabrication, and environmental concerns over the usage of chemicals such as fluorocarbons limit the utilization of superhydrophobic coatings. This study reports a convenient and inexpensive approach to fabricate robust and fluorine-free superhydrophobic fabrics based on the transfer of structured polymer films and hydrophobic nanoparticles. In this approach, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is infused between sheets of fabric and paper, followed by curing and removal of the paper. This process results in a fabric infused with PDMS whose structure is a negative replica of the paper surface. Then, hydrophobic nanoparticles are sprayed onto the structured PDMS side of the fabric. The infusion of PDMS and subsequent deposition of the hydrophobic nanoparticles enables strong bonding, as shown by the excellent solvent stability of the superhydrophobic fabric under ultrasonication. The proposed approach is universal in that it can be applied to almost any textiles, which upon coating, exhibited superhydrophobicity with a water contact angle of 172° and a sliding angle of 3°. Furthermore, the superhydrophobic fabric showed robust durability against water spray impact and mechanical bending where it can keep superhydrophobicity for at least 200 cycles of each test.     

纳米防护液在建筑自清洁领域的应用

通过创新性地利用纳米材料的粗糙度,有效发挥无机和有机材料的协同效应,研制出亲水和疏水两种类型的纳米防护液,可用于幕墙、涂料、石材、水泥、混凝土、建筑涂料、金属等表面,起到耐污染、易清洁的作用,同时还具有杀菌、防霉、防腐等效果。     

Preparation of superhydrophobic conductive micro/nano-graphite/PDMS films on paper by simple spraying method

Paper-based materials are widely used in various fields due to their advantages, such as environmental friendliness and sustainability. However, the highly hydrophilic nature of the cellulose that makes up paper-based materials limits their use. In this paper, micron/nano-graphite/polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) coatings with excellent superhydrophobic and conductive properties were prepared on the surface of filter paper by a simple spraying method. A mixture of micro-graphite and nano-graphite was used to form a multistage rough structure on the surface of the filter paper by spraying, and the low surface energy PDMS enhanced the adhesion of the micro-graphite and nano-graphite on the surface of the filter paper. The results showed that the samples possessed the best superhydrophobic properties when the ratio of micro-graphite to nano-graphite was 1:1, at which time the contact and rolling angles of the samples were 165.4° and 3.2°, respectively. The prepared superhydrophobic samples have good bounce and self-cleaning properties, while the samples have good mechanical stability and chemical resistance. Additionally, due to the conductivity of micro–nano-graphite, both particle sizes closely contact the sample surface, creating a conductive network. With a 1:1 ratio of micro- and nano-graphite, the coating exhibits minimal resistance at 1.89 KΩ, and the sample maintains stable conductivity even underwater. The above properties greatly extend the application range of paper-based superhydrophobic materials.     

Preparation and characterization of superhydrophobic surface based on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)

Biomimetic superhydrophobic surfaces exhibit excellent self-cleaning properties due to their special micro/nano-scale binary structures. In order to prepare the superhydrophobic surface of the polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), a facile fabrication method for replicating micro/nano-scale binary aluminium structures into PDMS is presented. The microscopic morphology, composition, surface roughness (Ra) and wettability of the sample surface were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, roughness measurement equipment and contact angle meter respectively. Based on the measurements of the contact angles of deionized water (DI water) and ethanediol, surface free energies of the coatings were estimated according to the Owens two-liquid method. The superhydrophobic PDMS exhibited lower surface free energy than flat PDMS with a DI water contact angle (WCA) of 165°. The surface roughness (Ra) increased with the increasing of etching time in the range 0–80?min, and then decreased with the change of etching time, similar to the variation of contact angle with etching time. Moreover, the prepared surface had different micro-morphologies and its wettability was changed by regulating the chemical etching time. In addition, the superhydrophobic PDMS also showed good self-cleaning properties and the bouncing effect of the water droplets.     

T-ZnOw在水性聚氨酯涂料中的应用研究

采用铝掺杂四针状氧化锌晶须作为功能性填料制备得到多功能水性聚氨酯涂料,其具有良好的抗静电性能、高耐磨性能以及优异的自清洁功能。采用硅烷偶联剂制备了分散性良好的晶须,并研究了晶须含量对涂层抗静电性能和耐磨性能的影响。当晶须含量为8%时,涂层的体积电阻率和表面电阻率分别从10~(15)Ω·cm和10~(16)Ω降低至10~7Ω·cm和10~7Ω,且涂层的磨耗量从22 mg降低至12 mg;此外,铝掺杂氧化锌晶须/聚氨酯涂层具有光催化功能和一定的自清洁功能。     

Fabrication and use of artificial superhydrophilic surfaces

Superhydrophilic surfaces have recently received some attention due, in large part to the intense interest on the antonymous field of superhydrophobicity. Imparting superhydrophilicity onto surfaces through coatings, texturing, or choice of materials appears to hold significant commercial promise for the protection for optical devices (e.g. anti-fogging), self-cleaning, and stain resistant paints and flooring and use in the area of ‘intelligent’ coatings. In this review, the fabrication and application of artificial superhydrophilic surfaces are discussed. The focus is on results reported over the past decade for these materials. The contents of this review are written to provide an introductory yet comprehensive overview of this emerging field.