NaOH改性沸石吸附地下水中铁锰效能研究

为了提高沸石对铁锰的吸附性能，利用3种不同改性剂对天然沸石进行改性比较对铁锰的去除效果。通过NaOH改性沸石除铁锰的静态吸附试验研究，考察改性沸石对铁锰的去除效果。结果表明NaOH改性沸石对铁锰的去除效果优于NaCl和HDTMA改性沸石对铁锰的去除效果，NaOH改性沸石的投加量、改性沸石的对铁锰的吸附时间、原水的pH值等因素对铁锰的去除效果有较大的影响，最佳投加量为50g/L，最佳吸附时间为120min，最佳pH值为中性偏酸性或者偏碱性且pH值〈8时，对铁锰的吸附规律较好的符合Langmuir吸附等温式。NaOH改性沸石对铁去除率可达83．09％，对锰的去除率为49．65％。经过改性，沸石对铁锰的去除率和吸附容量都有了较大的提高。     

高温改性糖滤泥处理刚果红废水的研究

高温改性糖滤泥采用静态吸附法对刚果红进行模拟废水的吸附实验,考察了刚果红初始浓度、吸附时间、吸附剂投加量、pH值及温度对脱色率和吸附量的影响,确定了最佳吸附脱色条件,用伪一级、伪二级动力学方程模拟改性糖滤泥吸附刚果红的动力学行为,并研究了吸附热力学行为。当刚果红初始浓度为100 mg/L,吸附时间为120 min,吸附剂投加量为0. 1 g及p H值为6,温度为30℃时,废水脱色率和吸附量分别为97. 22%和32. 40 mg/g。伪二级动力学方程机理更适合解释高温改性糖滤泥对刚果红吸附的现象,该吸附过程在任何温度下均为放热、自发的反应。傅里叶红外光谱分析高温改性糖滤泥吸附刚果红存在化学吸附。     

高温改性糖滤泥处理刚果红废水的研究

高温改性糖滤泥采用静态吸附法对刚果红进行模拟废水的吸附实验,考察了刚果红初始浓度、吸附时间、吸附剂投加量、pH值及温度对脱色率和吸附量的影响,确定了最佳吸附脱色条件,用伪一级、伪二级动力学方程模拟改性糖滤泥吸附刚果红的动力学行为,并研究了吸附热力学行为。当刚果红初始浓度为100 mg/L,吸附时间为120 min,吸附剂投加量为0. 1 g及p H值为6,温度为30℃时,废水脱色率和吸附量分别为97. 22%和32. 40 mg/g。伪二级动力学方程机理更适合解释高温改性糖滤泥对刚果红吸附的现象,该吸附过程在任何温度下均为放热、自发的反应。傅里叶红外光谱分析高温改性糖滤泥吸附刚果红存在化学吸附。     

改性桃核壳对水中刚果红的吸附研究

以废弃桃核壳为原料,经环氧氯丙烷、乙二胺改性后得到一种新型生物吸附剂改性桃核壳,通过等电点测定、元素含量分析及红外光谱分析对其进行表征,并研究了其对水中刚果红的吸附性能。结果表明,改性桃核壳对水中刚果红具有较好的吸附效果,改性桃核壳投加量、溶液pH值、吸附时间及温度等影响其吸附性能,吸附过程满足准二级动力学方程和Langmuir等温吸附模型,在温度为45℃时,改性桃核壳对刚果红的最大吸附量为20.408 2 mg·g~(-1)。     

氢氧化钙改性沸石对磷酸盐的吸附特性

采用氢氧化钙对天然沸石进行改性,考察了沸石投加量、初始pH值和吸附时间等对改性沸石吸附磷酸盐的影响,分析了等温吸附及吸附动力学特性,探讨了改性沸石吸附磷酸盐的机理。结果表明,沸石在氢氧化钙浓度为0.25 mol/L,改性时间为24 h的条件下对磷酸盐去除效果最佳;在初始磷酸盐浓度为10 mg/L,沸石投加量为60 g/L,吸附时间为24 h的条件下,改性沸石对磷酸盐的去除率可达97%;改性沸石对磷酸盐的吸附过程符合准一级动力学方程;在20℃时,Freundlich等温方程式能更好地描述改性沸石对磷酸盐的吸附行为,而在30℃时Langmuir等温方程式更适合;改性沸石吸附磷酸盐的主要机理是化学吸附。     

酸改性沸石去除高浓度甲醛废水的研究

用盐酸对天然沸石进行改性得到酸改性沸石,通过静态吸附实验研究了酸改性沸石对废水中甲醛的吸附性能。研究表明在293 K时,酸改性沸石对甲醛的平衡吸附量为255 mg/g,最佳吸附pH值为6.5,吸附平衡时间为2 h。     

铁改沸石处理含铬废水的实验研究

采用改性沸石处理含铬废水,研究沸石的最佳改性工艺以及处理废水的最佳条件,通过吸附热力学研究探讨改性沸石的吸附行为。实验结果表明:原沸石的最佳改性浓度为0.4mol/L的氯化铁溶液,最佳投加量为1.5g,最佳pH值为5。原沸石对铬的平衡吸附量为0.2873mg/g,而改性沸石对铬的平衡吸附量为0.7492mg/g,Langmuir方程比Freundlich方程更好地描述铬在原沸石和改性沸石上的吸附行为。     

改性沸石对水中氨氮的吸附性能研究

利用氢氧化钠对天然沸石进行改性以增加沸石的吸附能力,将天然沸石和改性沸石用于吸附去除水中的NH_4-N~+,分析了沸石投加量、pH、温度、吸附时间对NH_4-N~+吸附性能的影响。结果表明,改性沸石对NH_4-N~+的吸附性能明显优于天然沸石,pH的对沸石吸附NH_4-N~+的效果有显著影响;NH_4-N~+在pH为5以下时升高pH对NH_4-N~+吸附起促进作用,pH大于7则会产生抑制作用,最佳pH为5.5。随着温度的升高,NH_4-N~+的吸附量一直增加,温度为40℃其吸附量为mg/L。当沸石投加量5 g/L,pH为5.5,温度为40℃时吸附60 min,天然沸石和改性沸石对NH_4-N~+的去除率分别为78%、51.5%。     

沸石吸附城市有机废弃物厌氧发酵沼液氨氮研究

采用天然沸石、NaCl改性沸石和氯化十六烷基吡啶(CPC)改性沸石吸附沼液中的氨氮,考察了沸石投加量、沼液pH和吸附时间等因素对沼液中氨氮吸附效果,分析了3种沸石对沼液中氨氮的吸附动力学过程。结果表明,对100 m L沼液,NaCl改性沸石对沼液氨氮的吸附性能大于天然沸石和CPC改性沸石,在投加量为20 g、沼液pH为6～8、吸附时间为120 min时,吸附效果为佳;天然沸石投加量为25 g、沼液pH为8、吸附时间为180 min时效果为佳;而CPC改性沸石一直处于较低的吸附水平,不适用于沼液氨氮的吸附。准1级反应动力学方程模型能较好的描述3种沸石吸附沼液中氨氮的过程。     

热改性废茶叶吸附刚果红性能的研究

采用热改性废茶叶吸附刚果红染料,考察了pH、吸附剂投加量、染料液浓度和温度对热改性废茶叶吸附染料性能的影响。采用SEM和BET研究了热改性茶叶的基本物理化学特性,最后采用伪一阶动力学模型和伪二阶动力学模型拟合了改性废茶叶对刚果红染料的吸附动力学过程,并对其吸附热力学进行分析。结果表明,热改性废茶叶表面出现了形状各异的小孔,其比表面积、总孔容和平均孔径比改性前增加较多;当溶液质量浓度为50 mg/L、pH为4、吸附剂投加量为0.4 g/L、温度为35℃时,染料的吸附率达到最佳,为98.4%,吸附量为123 mg/g;热改性废茶叶对刚果红吸附动力学符合伪二阶动力学模型,吸附过程是由物理吸附和化学吸附共同决定的。热力学分析表明,吸附过程是自发进行的吸热过程。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

Inorganic/organic nanocomposite coatings: The next step in coating performance

Inorganic/organic hybrid materials have considerable promise and are beginning to become a major area of research for many coating usages, including abrasion and corrosion resistance. Our primary approach is to prepare the inorganic phase in situ within the film formation process of the organic phase. The inorganic phase is introduced via sol-gel chemistry into a thermosetting organic phase. By this method, the size, periodicity, spatial positioning, and density of the inorganic phase can be controlled. An important aspect of the inorganic/organic hybrid materials is the coupling agent. The initial task of the coupling agent is to provide uniform mixing of the oligomeric organic phase with the sol-gel precursors, which are otherwise immiscible. UV-curable inorganic/organic hybrid systems have the advantages of a rapid cure and the ability to be used on heat sensitive substrates such as molded plastics. Also, it is possible to have better control of the growth of the inorganic phase using UV curing. It is our ultimate goal to completely separate the curing of inorganic and organic phases to gain complete control over the morphology, and hence optimization of “all” the coating properties. Thus far, it has been found that concomitant UV curing of the inorganic and organic phases using titanium sol-gel precursors afforded nanocomposite coatings which completely block the substrate from UV light while maintaining a transparent to visible light. Also, it has been found that the morphology of the inorganic phase is highly dependent on the concentration and reactivity of the coupling agent. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.