CO_2汽提法尿素装置循环系统扩能改造方案探讨

分析生产能力为1620t/d的CO_2汽提法尿素装置扩能改造循环系统存在问题,并结合水解系统的塔顶冷凝器的物、热平衡计算,从而探讨利用现有水解系统塔顶冷凝器的富余能力,解决装置扩能改造循环系统吸收能力不足的可行性。     

二氧化碳汽提法尿素装置循环系统改造探讨

通过分析生产能力为1620t/d的二氧化碳汽提法尿素装置扩能改造循环系统存在问题，结合水解系统的塔顶冷凝器的物、热平衡计算，探讨利用现有水解系统塔顶冷凝器的富余能力，解决装置扩能改造循环系统吸收能力不足的可行性。     

大庆石化气体分馏装置的改造技术

中石油大庆石化公司炼油厂2008年140×104t/a新延迟焦化装置建成和2009年一套重油催化裂化装置完成MIP改造造成液化石油气的产量大幅增加。为适应这一变化,气体分馏装置采取了(1)气分装置与催化装置的热联合技术改造(2)脱丙烷塔、脱乙烷塔与精丙烯塔的塔盘改造(3)精丙烯塔增设一台釜罐与两台塔顶冷凝器的改造措施:装置的加工量扩大到17.07×104t/a,节能降耗效果显著,产品收率得到提高。     

脱甲烷塔塔顶冷凝器运行问题分析及对策

介绍了四川石化乙烯装置脱甲烷塔的基本流程及塔顶冷凝器运行存在的问题,分析了脱甲烷塔塔顶冷凝器冷剂侧液位不能建立的原因,并在保证装置不停车的前提下对现有流程进行整改和优化。利用乙烯制冷压缩机三段吸入罐的设备预留口对脱甲烷塔塔顶冷凝器冷剂入口管道优化改造,解决了脱甲烷塔塔顶冷凝器冷剂供给不足、脱甲烷塔顶温高及塔顶甲烷气中乙烯损失大等问题。以最低的改造成本获得最大的经济效益,在节能降耗的同时也为装置的稳定操作和高负荷生产创造了条件,保障了装置裂解原料轻质化条件下的高负荷工况下的稳定运行。     

乙烯精馏塔塔顶冷凝器偏流原因分析及工艺措施

分析并介绍了镇海乙烯精馏塔塔顶3台冷凝器存在偏流的原因和应对偏流采取的调整措施。乙烯精馏塔新增了1台塔顶冷凝器,开工运行后出现了多次偏流现象,造成乙烯精馏塔和丙烯制冷压缩机系统的大幅度波动,影响了装置平稳操作运行。通过对3台并联冷凝器现场布置进行分析和理论计算,找出了偏流原因,并相应制定了调整措施,实施后基本保证了乙烯精馏塔的平稳操作运行。     

气体分馏装置技术改造

中国石化济南分公司气分车间第2套气体分馏装置精馏塔顶冷凝系统冷却效果较差,脱丙烷塔和脱丙烯塔顶馏分经冷凝后温度仍较高,从而制约装置处理量的提高。为此对气体分馏装置塔顶冷凝器系统、机泵系统、精馏塔塔底加热系统等进行了技术改造,改造后装置加工能力由15万t/a提高到20万t/a,装置能耗降低11.28%,年节约费用1614万元以上。     

四氟精馏塔塔顶冷凝器失效分析

四氟精馏塔塔顶冷凝器是上海三爱富新材料股份有限公司1000t／a氟橡胶工业性试验装置中的设备，加工使用后一个月左右出现轴向龟裂裂纹、泄漏的现象。本文主要分析四氟精馏塔塔顶冷凝器失效的原因及相应的解决方法和措施。     

精馏塔顶冷凝器的节能改造

简要介绍某精馏塔顶冷凝器开车过程中因管束和壳体的温差太大,换热器壳程气体进口没有设防冲板,造成换热管振动,导致塔顶冷凝器气体进口处的换热管断裂,经采取措施后加以解决。同时将塔顶冷凝器原采用循环水冷却改造为加软水副产0.2MPa(G)蒸汽,既节约了水资源,副产蒸汽还可外用。     

VCM精馏卧式尾气冷凝器系统的技术改造

分析了VCM精馏卧式尾气冷凝器运行过程中存在的问题,并进行了一系列改造:提高HCl纯度减少尾气冷凝器工作负荷;增加1台尾气冷凝器、1台气液分离器;采取了串联运行、定期倒换的操作方式。改造后解决了VCM精馏卧式尾气冷凝器尾排带液问题,保证了系统运行的安全稳定。     

热旁路在精馏塔操作中的应用

<正>0前言在精馏操作中,习惯上将回流罐放置于塔顶冷凝器下面,回流罐置于地面,冷凝器置于框架上,此种布置有利于冷凝器中的冷凝液及时排至回流罐,保证了冷凝器气相冷凝的传热面积。在实际操作中,冷凝器的检修和清洗频率较为频繁,所以安装在框架二层操作非常不便。增设热旁路,即在精馏塔塔顶与回流罐之间增加1根管线,     

Temperature selective condensation of tyre pyrolysis oils to maximise the recovery of single ring aromatic compounds

Scrap tyres were pyrolysed in a fixed bed reactor and the evolved pyrolysis gases were passed through a condenser system maintained at separately controlled temperature to determine the yield and composition of the condensed oil. The main objective was to maximise the selective condensation of single ring aromatic compounds which are of known higher commercial value. In addition, the molecular weight range of the condensed oils was also determined. The influence of condenser packing material was also examined. The results showed that the type of packing material within each condenser was also examined and found to be important in determining the yield and composition of the condensed oil. Similarly, condenser temperatures determined the yield and also composition of the oils. Maximum concentrations of single ring aromatic compounds in relation to the selective condensation process showed significant increases in the concentration of certain compounds could be achieved in the condensed oils collected in each condenser.     

Multiple Analysis in a Reactive Distillation Column for the Synthesis of tert‐Amyl Methyl Ether

tert‐Amyl methyl ether (TAME) is produced via reactive distillation. A simulation is set up and controlled on Aspen HYSYS v 8.0 for generating the highest purity of TAME. This simulation includes a plug‐flow reactor and a reactive distillation column. Emphasis was put on finding the optimal operating conditions of the reactive distillation column in order to get the maximum purity of TAME. The operational parameters were reflux ratio, number of reactive stages in the distillation column, and condenser pressure. The results indicated the optimal reflux ratio and condenser pressure which could be adapted to industrial scale.     

Oleic acid esterification with ethanol under continuous water removal conditions

The production of ethyl ester was investigated using a new reaction system consisting of a reactor coupled to an adsorption column. The adsorption system was used to shift the equilibrium toward ethyl ester production by removing the water from commercial ethanol and the water produced during the esterification reaction. A condenser placed above the adsorption column was responsible to condensate the vapor, returning water free ethanol to the reactor. Ethyl ester was produced by esterification of oleic acid and ethanol using sulfuric acid as catalyst. The results showed a yield of 99.9%. The best operating condition was found operating the reactor at 110 °C, 1% of catalyst (w/w) and with an oleic acid to ethanol ratio of 1:3.     

异戊二烯加成反应器的设计

根据从异戊二烯合成 10t/a甲基庚烯酮的中试数据 ,通过对异戊二烯加成反应热化学的分析 ,对从异戊二烯合成 12 0 0t/a甲基庚烯酮过程中的异戊二烯加成反应器、反应尾气冷凝器进行了初步设计 ,其结果可作为进一步基础设计和工程设计的参考     

PX氧化反应器冷凝器系统模拟计算

利用 A spen Plus软件建立氧化反应器冷凝器系统模型 ,对 10 0 %、118%负荷进行了模拟计算 ,模拟结果与生产数据吻合良好 ,并对 130 %负荷进行了工况分析 ,提出增容改造途径     

石脑油催化裂解结构化反应器反应特性的CFD模拟

以石脑油为原料,采用催化裂解六集总动力学模型,建立描述结构化反应器内催化裂解的反应器数学模型,并利用CFD软件对结构化反应器内的石脑油催化裂解性能进行数值模拟。通过改变孔道直径、反应器长度以及反应器内温度、气体入口速率考察反应器结构尺寸和反应条件对目标产物乙烯、丙烯的收率及石脑油转化率的影响。结果表明,反应器孔道直径的增加,目标产物收率减小,反应器长度20 mm时反应完全,升高反应温度和增大入口速率均有利于目标产物的生成。在入口温度680 ℃和入口速率0.4 m·s^-1条件下,石脑油转化率92%,乙烯收率19.3%,丙烯收率23.1%。而在相同反应条件下的固定床反应器中乙烯收率10.3%,丙烯收率13.3%,石脑油转化率80.0%。     

中小型脲醛胶厂工艺、设备现存问题及改进方案

对年产 15 0 0t～ 2 0 0 0t的脲醛胶生产厂进行了调查 ,讨论在工艺 (如聚乙烯醇的预处理、缩合前 pH值调整用酸的选择、缩合阶段pH值的控制和检测方法、产品最终 pH值的控制范围等 )和设备方面 (如反应釜、冷凝器、真空泵、回流冷凝器等 )普遍存在的问题 ,就工艺操作的优惠条件及适合该产品生产的设备的合理结构提出改进方案     

20kt/a PA6前聚合工艺的优化

介绍了20kt/aPA6聚合装置前聚合器的结构及工艺特点;分析了生产中前聚合工艺存在的问题,提出了解决措施;验证了前聚合器结构的设计参数。指出生产中由于前聚合器底部出料温度波动大,波动值达±8.08℃,影响了PA6切片的可纺性。通过降低前聚合反应的压力及加热联苯炉的温度,调整前聚合器顶部冷凝器的排汽温度,前聚合器底部出料温度的波动值可控制在±2.5℃,有效提高了PA6切片的质量。     

Particle structure of PVC based on cellulosic suspension system. III. Effect of monomer refluxing

The effects of monomer refluxing on both resin properties and reactor fouling of suspension PVC have been studied in a laboratory-scale 14-L reactor. Process control equations were developed which related the particle properties to the reflux condenser operation by controlling the parameters of (1) the time at which refluxing is begun and (2) the rate profile of heat removal from the condenser. An operating envelope has been developed for laboratory scale operations which optimizes the cycle time of polymerization while minimizing the adverse effects on particle properties. These operating conditions may have application to production scale operations when the proper scaling factors are employed.     

硝苯柳胺合成方法的研究

研究了硝苯柳胺的三种合成方法 ,分析了其影响因素 ,比较了其优缺点并提出了各自的适用范围。其中氯气氯代法可在一个反应器内进行 ,不需分离中间体 ,收率可达 90 % ;次氯酸叔丁酯对水杨酸的氯代有很强的区域专一性反应特性 ,用其作为氯代剂合成硝苯柳胺收率为 81% ,产品纯度 97 9% ;用对硝基苯胺与二氯亚矾在吡啶存在下生成亚硫酰胺 ,再与 5 氯水杨酸反应合成硝苯柳胺 ,收率为 78% ,纯度可达 99%