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聚氨酯泡沫塑料的阻燃 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
简要介绍了对多孔性材料聚氨酯泡沫塑料进行阻燃处理的重要性,并对各类阻燃剂的阻燃机理以及聚氨酯泡沫塑料阻燃研究领域的技术进展进行了介绍。较全面地综述了改善软质和硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料阻燃性能的方法,包括:各种添加型阻燃剂和反应型阻燃剂的特点及使用效果,不同阻燃剂的协同作用,引入异氰脲酸酯基团提高硬泡阻燃性能,采用阻燃剂溶液浸渍开孔泡沫塑料等。 相似文献
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综述了硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料与聚苯乙烯保温材料的阻燃改性、酚醛树脂的增强增韧改性、相变材料保温性能的研究进展,以及这些材料在建筑工程领域的应用。硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料和聚苯乙烯保温材料的阻燃改性主要是通过在基体中添加无机或有机阻燃剂来实现,酚醛树脂的增强增韧主要是通过添加高分子纤维、无机纤维或纳米粒子等实现,相变材料通过相转变过程中的吸热和放热来达到保温效果,通常与其他保温材料共同使用。 相似文献
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天津市消防科研所日前开发出阻燃硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料,并通过有关部门鉴定.由于普通硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料为可燃材料,燃烧时发烟大,这些隐患使其应用范围受到限制.该所经反复实验究,研制出阻燃、低烟的耐火隔热聚氨酯泡沫塑料.新产品阻燃性能佳,氧指数可以达到30%~50%,可以通过建材阻燃BI级试验;烟密度小,为一般阻燃聚氨酯泡沫塑料的60%;发烟速度低;耐火隔热性能优良,可用于制造复合板材、防火墙料及隔墙芯材. 相似文献
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刘国胜;冯捷;郝建薇;杜建新 《中国塑料》2011,25(11):5-9
综述了添加型阻燃剂阻燃硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料燃烧产烟行为及毒性产物抑制机理,着重介绍了膨胀石墨、层状纳米填料、金属氧化物提高硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料阻燃效果、降低烟毒释放方面的研究进展。 相似文献
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针对超过800℃条件下使用的高温隔热涂料,从涂料的填料入手并利用聚氨酯泡沫塑料作辅助隔热层,使其保温隔热性能得到改进和提高,在一定条件下满足因产品升级而对保温隔热性能提高的要求,通过中空填料的运用和高温隔热涂料+聚氨酯泡沫塑料的复合隔热涂层,提高了耐高温隔热涂料的保温隔热性能,延长保温隔热涂料的有效隔热时间。 相似文献
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本研究利用木质素磺酸钠对聚氨酯泡沫进行改性,提高其阻燃性能。首先,对木质素磺酸钠进行羟甲基化反应,得到羟甲基木质素磺酸钠(HSL),再将HSL部分替代聚醚多元醇,与聚合4,4'-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)混合,制备羟甲基木质素磺酸钠改性聚氨酯泡沫,再添加膨胀石墨(EG)和次磷酸铝(AHP)进一步提高聚氨酯泡沫的阻燃性。制备出样品后分别进行极限氧指数(LOI)、热重分析(TGA)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)测试。通过极限氧指数测试分析聚氨酯泡沫样品阻燃性能表明:当羟甲基木质素磺酸钠替代量为60%(以HSL质量占HSL和聚醚多元醇总质量的百分比计)时,所得聚氨酯泡沫材料的LOI指数达到21.6%,最大热降解速率降低了1.53 %/min,残炭量提高了15.04个百分点,泡沫试样中泡沫孔隙数量和面积减少。继续添加混合阻燃剂(膨胀石墨和次磷酸铝质量比为3:1)时,所得聚氨酯泡沫材料的LOI指数能达到26.3%,最大热降解速率降低了1.52 %/min,残炭量提高了23.52个百分点,泡沫试样的泡沫孔隙数量和面积进一步减少。因此,本实验制备出一种具有优异阻燃性能的聚氨酯泡沫,其在建筑领域、交通领域、食品保温领域有广阔的应用前景。 相似文献
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Yeong-jin Chung Younhee Kim Sangbum Kim 《Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry》2009,15(6):888-893
Chemical degradation of used PU was intentionally made by the addition of flame retardants such as tris(2-chloropropyl)phosphate (TCPP), triethyl phosphate (TEP) and trimethyl phosphonate (TMP). Final product obtained after the degradation reaction was named as DEP. The structure of degraded products (DEP) was analyzed by FT-IR and 31P NMR and it turned out to be phosphorous containing oligourethanes. Rigid polyurethane foam was produced using the degraded products (DEP) as flame retardants. The flammability and thermal stability of recycled rigid polyurethane was investigated. The mechanical properties such as compressive strength and tensile strength of recycled polyurethane were also studied. The recycled polyurethane shows reduced flammability and higher thermal stability over virgin polyurethane. Mechanical strength of recycled polyurethane also shows as high as that of virgin polyurethane. In order to evaluate flame retardant properties of the recycled polyurethane foams with various amounts of DEP, heat release rate (HRR) of the foam was measured by cone calorimeter. Scanning electron micrograph of recycled PU shows uniform cell morphology as virgin-PU. 相似文献
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Rigid polyurethane foam (RPUF) composites with triphenyl phosphate (TPhP), aluminum trihydrate (ATH), and zinc borate (ZnB) alone, as well as their binary blends, were prepared via a one-shot process. The amount of flame retardant (FR) or FR blend was varied from 10 to 50% by polyol weight percentage, and the weight fraction of the blends was also fixed at 40%. The effects of additives on thermal insulation, mechanical, and flame retardancy properties of the composites were investigated. Thermal conductivity of the neat foam (RPUF) decreased from 22.53 to 21.04–21.58 mW m−1 K−1. The compressive strength of foams displayed an increase with increasing the amount of TPhP, ATH, and ZnB till 40% by weight. The limited oxygen index values of all foams increased and the flame spread rates of all foams significantly decreased. It was also observed that the flame was self-extinguished in some cases. The cone calorimeter test results indicated that the FR additives improved the flame retardancy of the RPUF. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020 , 137, 47611. 相似文献
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作为一种高开孔率的三维网丝结构的新型泡沫塑料,蜜胺泡沫塑料在阻燃、耐热稳定、隔热保温、吸音降噪等方面的优异性能,对于节能降耗、有效提升建筑环境舒适度和提高建筑自身安全水平方面具有重要的作用,作为一种新型多功能建筑材料,蜜胺泡沫塑料在建筑领域中具有广阔的应用前景。 相似文献
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蜜胺泡沫塑料性能与应用 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
蜜胺泡沫塑料是以蜜胺为主要原料生产的柔性泡沫塑料,不但具有一般泡沫塑料的性能,还具有优异的阻燃、无毒卫生、吸声、隔热等性能。作为一种新型材料,在许多领域具有非常广泛的市场前景。 相似文献
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聚氨酯硬质泡沫塑料具有密度小,强度高,等优点,既可作为绝热保温材料,又可作为结构承重材料,在建筑复合夹芯板的生产中得到了广泛的应用,以其生产的建筑复合夹芯板具有轻质,等优点,可广泛应用于厂房,冷库等建筑物的屋面和墙面。 相似文献
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聚异氰脲酸酯(PIR)泡沫是一种新型的热固性保温材料,它具有密度低、耐热性能及耐寒性能优越、阻燃性能好、尺寸稳定性高等优点,但纯PIR泡沫质脆,无法直接使用。为了改善PIR泡沫的韧性,以异氰酸酯和聚醚多元醇为原料,通过腰果酚对其增韧改性,研究了腰果酚用量对PIR泡沫性能的影响。结果表明:引入腰果酚会显著提高PIR的韧性,PIR发泡塑料的密度、压缩强度、韧性均会随着腰果酚用量的增加而变大;而随着腰果酚用量的增加,PIR泡沫吸水率逐渐下降,粉化度下降,导热系数也会降低。加入适量的腰果酚可以改善泡沫的韧性,提高泡沫的保温防水性能。 相似文献