全国工业X射线胶片标准审查会召开

<正> 1992年三季度在沈阳市召开了全国工业X 射线胶片标准审查和彩色相纸感光度方法论证会。会议由感标委丁培玲秘书长主持,来自全国感光行业生产、使用、科研、监测标准归口单位的32名代表出席了会议。感光化学研究院温荣谦院长、感标委高伟华主任委员,以及化工部化工产品标准审查委员会瞿彩莉同志和轻工部日化工业办公室冀国华同志到会并讲了话。这次会议的主要任务是审查工业 X 射线胶片行业标准送审2稿,论证彩色相纸感光度测定方法。此外,还交流了 CT 胶片行业标准的制定工作。     

黑白高反差显影液配方的特点

在翻拍文件、图表,制作高反差特殊效果照片时,为了获得高反差和特高反差影像效果,可采用以下一些方法,如:使用高反差负片或正片进行拍摄或拷贝(高反差胶片有:全色缩微片、色盲片、声底片和字幕片等),印放时使用硬性相纸等.不过,使用高反差胶片拍摄的同时还必须使用高反差显影液冲洗,否则难以达到高反差效果.常用的高反差显影液主要有D-11、D-72和D-8三种,它们的配方组成见附表.     

认识照相纸

照相纸的感光性能 相纸用来印放照片,和照相胶卷一样也是一种感光材料,也具有各种感光性能,诸如感光度、反差、最大密度等等,但是,因为用途的不同,对这些感光性能的要求则是因目的和使用条件的不同而各异的:胶卷用来照相,拍照对象和光照条件千变万化,很大程度上受自然环境的限制,感光度必须足够高是胶卷的一个重要要求;相纸用于印放照片,底片是一个固定不变的对象,而人工调控印放光源有比较大的余地,因而感光度对相纸并不是一个重要性能.哪些性能对相纸重要,怎样求取和表示呢?     

微泡胶片

微泡胶片是一种新颖的非银感光材料,目前苏州感光材料厂已投入小批量生产。微泡胶片是由偏丙树脂、重氮盐、涤沦片基等原料组成,该片具有可以明室操作,加工简便,反差高、稳定性好、解象率高、清晰度好等优点。适用于印刷制板、测绘、矿山、地质、水利等部门制作二底图,中间翻版和电化教育等。微泡胶片是将光敏剂均匀地分散在热塑性树脂中,制成感光药液,然后涂布于透明的片基而成。在一定波长的紫外线曝光下,光敏剂分解释出氮气在热塑性树脂内部产生内压,形成内应力潜象。显影是物理性的热     

柯达推出新型配套彩色产品

柯达公司近期推出的最新彩色产品为Kodacolor Gold 100和400胶片,以及柯达Ektacolor 2000和2001彩色相纸。同时,为了充分发挥新型彩色相纸优势,柯达公司将用二种小型洗片机系统配套。再次向日本同行发起挑战。     

新型的感光材料——涂塑相纸

<正> 涂塑相纸是七十年代应高温快速加工的需要,而高速度发展起来的新产品,至今已统治了国际彩色相纸市场。它最早由美国柯达公司(Kodak Co.)在一九七一年生产出了这种能够满足彩色相纸高质量要求的新产品,接着西德阿克发吉伐(Agfa Gevar)公司、日本小西六(Sakura)和富士(Fuji)等公司也相继很快将彩色相纸全部过渡到了这类新品种。涂塑相纸发展速度所以如此之快,是因为它有许多特出的优点。涂塑相纸是在纸基的两面涂上不透水的塑料薄膜,再涂上感光的乳剂层所构成。     

乐凯航空特种胶片在公安检验照相中的应用

中国乐凯胶片集团公司生产的全色航空测量胶片(简称:航空胶片),是为我国空军航空测量、侦察摄影生产的特种胶片.近些年,我们在刑事检验照相中发现,利用其感光特性,有利于解决公安刑事检验照相中普遍存在的弱反差痕迹的拍照提取问题.     

彩色显影剂CD-4合成新工艺通过小试鉴定和中试方案论证

彩色显影剂CD-4,是冲印套药中最主要的组成部份,是目前国际上新型彩色照相显影主剂之一。其作用是使胶片或彩色相纸乳剂中,已经曝光具有潜影中心的AgX颗粒还原成单质银。同时,彩色显影剂被氧化,氧化的彩色显影剂便在银影的位置与感     

彩色胶卷的印片密度

印片密度是彩色胶卷在实用扩印条件下的有效密度，感光测定中都用M状态密度来表示.本文中用实验方法求取得了彩色胶卷的印片密度，并与测定的M状态密度作了对比。印片密度的实验测定定性地说明了彩色胶卷的特性曲线通常都是黄层的反差最大而青层的反差最小。     

1999年爱克发公司的市场经营状况

爱克发公司是世界上主要的感光照相和影像产品的生产厂家之一。经过130多年的发展,爱克发公司已经成为一家著名的跨国公司,主要产品有各类银盐照相和数字成像设备、材料和服务,如印刷制版胶片、医用和工业用射线胶片、专业摄影和业余摄影用途的照相设备、彩色和黑白胶片／相纸以及各类数字成像照相机、设备和服务。 对爱克发公司来说,1999年是卓有成效的一年。1999年初,爱克发公司实行了公司重组,正式在布鲁塞尔股票交易所和法兰克福股票交易所挂牌交易;同年5月,又收购了美国Sterling医疗诊断成像公司,成为世界上医用胶片和PACS系统的最大生产厂家。由于爱克发公司采取各种积极有效的市场营销策略和世界影像市场的快速发展,爱克发公司1999年的经营状况明显好于1998年,实现销售收入47．31亿欧元,比1998年的43．62亿欧元增长8．5％。表1为爱克发公司1998年和1999年的经营指标比较。     

The Value of X-ray Powder Diffraction Analysis in Colour Chemistry

After discussing some of the basic ideas, advantages and disadvantages of X-ray powder diffraction analysis, it is pointed out that at present a major disadvantage for colour chemists is the lack of a special sub-file of suitable standard X-ray data. A plea is made for colleagues to report their data, forthe Journal to act as a depository and for the Society to consider the feasibility of separate data sub-file of use to colour chemists and dyers, persuading the Joint Committee on Powder Diffraction Standards (JCPDSj to set one up. The article then proceeds to illustrate the usefulness of the technique to problems in colour chemistry. The effects on the X-ray powder pattern of the crystal size, polymorphism, isomers, and solid solutions and mixed crystals are discussed. This is illustrated with examples from the work of the author and other investigators. The paper concludes by looking at the application of the X-ray powder method to the analysis of vat dyes on various fabrics.     

Origins of colour in Yb–Si–Al–O–N glasses

Previous work has shown that some RE-Si–Al–O–N glasses are coloured. In particular, oxynitride glasses containing Ytterbium were observed to display a wide range of colours depending on their composition. The reasons for this were not immediately evident. As Ytterbium and Europium have been reported to display valency variations in silicate glasses and α-sialons, the current study prepared a range of Yb–Si–Al–O–N glasses, characterised them by means of X-ray photoelectron, Raman, FTIR and UV–vis spectroscopy as well as thermal analysis and X-ray diffraction. The correlation between the structural features of the glasses with the changes in colour occurring when varying the Yb:Al ratio were investigated. Ytterbium garnet was found to be the source of colour change in the Yb–Si–Al–O–N in the compositions studied.     

二氧化硅凝胶在彩色喷墨打印纸涂层的应用实验

用凝胶颜料与其他辅料组成的涂料,对原纸进行涂布制成彩色喷墨打印纸。该彩喷纸经打印测试。结果表明,在颜料与胶粘剂的配比比值为70︰30时,不管是用Espson打印机打印还是用Hp打印机打印,都可获得较好的打印效果。     

The preparation and characterization of tabular, pearlescent Fe-doped potassium lithium titanate

Potassium chloride was used as flux to prepare tabular crystals of both potassium lithium titanate and Fe-doped potassium lithium titanate employing an optimum mass ratio of flux:raw materials. The effects of the dopant and its concentration and the calcination temperature on the morphology of the Fe-doped potassium lithium titanate were investigated. The crystal phases and optical properties of Fe-doped potassium lithium titanate were characterized using X-ray diffraction analysis and UV–vis spectrophotometry, respectively. The influence of dopant concentration on the colour, band gap narrowing and lattice constants of Fe-doped potassium lithium titanate are discussed.     

（无金）镍铂水的研究

本文论述了一种不含黄金的具有银白色装饰效果的新型陶瓷液体装饰材料的研制方法。在研究分析了各种有关金属的晶体结构和理化性能的基础上，确定了Ｐｔ－Ｎｉ发色体系及其合理配比并选定了合适的定色剂，研制成功了含铂１￣５ｗｔ％的（无金）镍铂水系列产品，并对影响产品性能的各种因素如定色剂、耐温剂等进行了讨论。     

Effects of the surface area of phosphor powders on colour coordinate variance

In this study, the colour coordinate behaviours according to the surface area of phosphors were investigated to implement the colour coordinate of the desired zone in a random colour coordinate. For this purpose, the mixing ratio and dispensing amount of a green phosphor (Ce:YAG) and three red phosphors (CaAlSiN₃:Eu²⁺) with different specific surface areas were adjusted, and the corresponding colour coordinate behaviour was examined. As a result, the colour coordinate behaviour was found to be considerably influenced by the mixing ratio of red and green phosphors and the surface area of the phosphor powder particles. In conclusion, the colour coordinate of the desired zone can be more efficiently implemented by predicting the characteristics of different types of phosphors and their colour coordinate behaviours. The findings of this study are expected to greatly increase the yield of the light-emitting diode industry.     

脂肪醇磷酸酯的合成及对产品指标影响的研究

磷酸酯的合成是一个极其复杂的化学反应,很多因素对最终产品的指标影响很大,本文从反应原料五氧化二磷入手,详细介绍了其对产品的色泽,磷酸及单／双酯的含量的影响,并讨论了其它条件同产品色泽变化关系。     

Dyeing properties of CI Acid Blue 193 and the non‐equivalent properties of CI Acid Black 194 produced by different manufacturers

This paper presents the results of research conducted into the colour properties of commercial metal complex dyes CI Acid Blue 193 and CI Acid Black 194. Three chromium(III) complexes with different colours were identified using thin‐layer chromatographic analysis and then separated by preparative chromatography. It was found that colour differences of the examined dyes depend on the ratio of the three components in CI Acid Blue 193 and CI Acid Black 194, and that these differences are typical for each of the commercial products. The colour differences of the components were expressed as ΔS, calculated as the difference in the areas under the absorption curve of the individual components in the range 400–700 nm after spectrum normalisation. The UV‐vis spectroscopic and CIELAB colorimetric properties (at 1% owf on polyamide) of eleven samples of CI Acid Black 194 were investigated. From these results, the proportions of the three components were derived. Theoretically, dyes sold under the same CI name are interchangeable. In practice, the obtained colour of the dyed material is different owing to the difference in composition namely the ratio of the components in the tested dyes. Consequently, the result of polyamide dyeing with the studied dyes CI Acid Blue 193 and CI Acid Black 194 is a redder or greener hue. It has been concluded from these findings that the production of identical dyeings may be impossible when dyes from different sources are employed.     

Spectrophotometric colour matching algorithm for top-dyed mélange yarn,based on an artificial neural network

Colour, the first element of quality control of textile products, is a complex subject relating to physical optics, psychology, and the human visual system. Colour matching remains one of the major problems in the textile industry. Mélange yarn is a class of textile product with a specific colour appearance, which colour is mainly affected by colour matching of the dyed fibres and their ratio for spinning rather than by the dyeing process. The existing colour matching models for mélange yarn derived from specific types of fibre or specific spinning processes are restricted by the adopted conditions and parameters of the model, resulting in low universal applicability and low accuracy. In this paper, a spectrophotometric colour matching algorithm based on the back-propagation (BP) neural network and its processes were proposed. The weighted average spectrum was predicted by a BP neural network, followed by recipe prediction from the weighted average with constrained least squares. The results showed that the average colour difference of practical samples, based on the prediction of nine blind testing targets, was 0.79 CMC (2:1) units if more than two a priori training samples were used. This result indicated the capability and practicality of accurate prediction of colour matching for top-dyed mélange yarn by this novel method.     

Investigation of texture effect on visual colour difference evaluation

The texture effect on visual colour difference evaluation was investigated in this study. Five colour centers were selected and textured colour pairs were generated using scanned textile woven fabrics and colour‐mapping technique. The textured and solid colour pairs were then displayed on a characterized cathode ray tube (CRT) monitor for colour difference evaluation. The colour difference values for the pairs with texture patterns are equal to 5.0 CIELAB units in lightness direction. The texture level was represented by the half‐width of histogram, which is called texture strength in this study. High correlation was found between texture strength and visual colour difference for textured colour pairs, which indicates that an increasing of 10 units of texture strength in luminance would cause a decreasing of 0.25 units visual difference for the five colour centers. The ratio of visual difference between textured and solid colour pairs also indicates a high parametric effect of texture. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 30, 341–347, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/col.