乙烯装置裂解炉热效率的影响因素分析及改进

乙烯装置裂解炉热效率是衡量裂解炉运行的重要参数,其高低直接关系到乙烯装置的生产能耗。介绍了影响裂解炉热效率的因素,并进行了定量分析。阐明了影响裂解炉热效率的核心因素为烟气热损失,同时也对裂解炉炉壁热损失对裂解炉热效率的影响进行了说明。针对中国石油兰州石化公司乙烯装置裂解炉的实际运行情况,提出了降低烟气氧含量及排烟温度的具体措施。     

大庆乙烯裂解炉热效率分析与优化

裂解炉热效率是评价裂解炉运行状态的重要参数.本文以大庆石化乙烯装置裂解炉为例,分析影响裂解炉热效率的各种因素,并在实际操作中采取有效的优化措施,提高裂解炉热效率,促进乙烯装置节能降耗。     

影响裂解炉热效率的原因分析及处理方法

从设备、分析仪表以及裂解炉生产运行等方面,分析了影响乙烯装置裂解炉热效率的原因,并提出了解决处理方法,从而提高了裂解炉热效率,降低了装置能耗。     

影响裂解炉热效率的原因分析与对策

热效率作为衡量裂解炉先进性与操作好坏的一个重要指标,直接关系到乙烯生产能耗的高低。分析了扬子石油化工有限公司烯烃厂新老区乙烯装置裂解炉热效率偏低的原因,同时对影响裂解炉热效率的因素进行了探讨和论述,针对性地提出了提高裂解炉热效率的改进措施。     

扬子乙烯裂解炉热效率创行业先进水平

2011年9月15日,集团公司化工事业部对扬子石化新老区裂解炉的热效率进行了综合检测。检测结果显示,裂解炉平均热效率达到93.86%,创下历史最好水平和行业先进水平。裂解炉是扬子公司的耗能大户,其能耗占据整个乙烯装置能耗的70%以上,对乙烯装置经济技术指标构成重大影响。热效率是裂解炉的一项重要考核指标,集团公司每半年一次会对总部所有的乙烯装置裂解炉热效率进行综合检测,考核评比。长期以来,炉型落后、设备老化、热效率较低等诸多不利因素困扰着扬子石化,面对现实情况,公司对照行业先进标杆找差距,探讨提高裂解炉经济技术指标的方案与措施。     

裂解炉热效率影响因素及改进措施

裂解炉的热效率是衡量一台裂解炉对热量是否有效利用的重要指标。热效率的高低直接影响着装置的能耗的高低。对影响裂解炉热效率的因素做了分析,对国内某大型乙烯装置裂解炉在提高热效率方面所采取的措施进行了介绍。该装置在提高热效率方面采取了增加空气预热器、对流段盘管化学清洗、设备设施的完善、精细化操作等措施,并取得了良好的效果。     

裂解炉节能降耗措施及效果

裂解炉为乙烯装置的核心,是乙烯装置的能耗大户,其能耗占装置总能耗的5O%。国内乙烯装置裂解炉在运行过程中普遍存在排烟温度高、炉壁散热量大、热效率低;COT偏差大、运行周期短、设备重复检修频繁等问题,通过认真研究分析以上问题,采取了一些行之有效的办法,使得装置能耗大大降低。     

SRT-Ⅲ型裂解炉改造及效果

通过分析原乙烯装置生产存在的“瓶颈”，提出了SRT-Ⅲ型裂解炉改造的设计方案，并对改造后效果进行测量，热效率和乙烯收率均比设计值有所提高，乙烯裂解炉的生产能力提高了，能耗降低了。     

燕山乙烯装置GK-Ⅴ型裂解炉优化调整

燕山乙烯装置GK-Ⅴ型裂解炉自投料试车以来,存在运行周期短,清焦频繁,裂解炉热效率低等问题,不仅导致装置能耗偏高和乙烯成本的增加,而且成为装置长周期高负荷运行的瓶颈。为此,针对GK-Ⅴ型裂解炉存在的问题进行分析,找出造成裂解炉运行周期短、热效率低的原因,并制定了相应的解决方案。通过采取改进措施,裂解炉运行周期显著延长,裂解炉热损失明显降低。     

燕山乙烯装置GK—V型裂解炉优化调整

燕山乙烯装置GK—V型裂解炉自投料试车以来,存在运行周期短,清焦频繁,裂解炉热效率低等问题,不仅导致装置能耗偏高和乙烯成本的增加,而且成为装置长周期高负荷运行的瓶颈。为此,针对GK—V型裂解炉存在的问题进行分析,找出造成裂解炉运行周期短、热效率低的原因,并制定了相应的解决方案。通过采取改进措施,裂解炉运行周期显著延长,裂解炉热损失明显降低。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

Inorganic/organic nanocomposite coatings: The next step in coating performance

Inorganic/organic hybrid materials have considerable promise and are beginning to become a major area of research for many coating usages, including abrasion and corrosion resistance. Our primary approach is to prepare the inorganic phase in situ within the film formation process of the organic phase. The inorganic phase is introduced via sol-gel chemistry into a thermosetting organic phase. By this method, the size, periodicity, spatial positioning, and density of the inorganic phase can be controlled. An important aspect of the inorganic/organic hybrid materials is the coupling agent. The initial task of the coupling agent is to provide uniform mixing of the oligomeric organic phase with the sol-gel precursors, which are otherwise immiscible. UV-curable inorganic/organic hybrid systems have the advantages of a rapid cure and the ability to be used on heat sensitive substrates such as molded plastics. Also, it is possible to have better control of the growth of the inorganic phase using UV curing. It is our ultimate goal to completely separate the curing of inorganic and organic phases to gain complete control over the morphology, and hence optimization of “all” the coating properties. Thus far, it has been found that concomitant UV curing of the inorganic and organic phases using titanium sol-gel precursors afforded nanocomposite coatings which completely block the substrate from UV light while maintaining a transparent to visible light. Also, it has been found that the morphology of the inorganic phase is highly dependent on the concentration and reactivity of the coupling agent. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.