肩锁关节韧带损伤Rockwood分型的临床意义

肩锁关节韧带损伤是一种常见的肩部运动损伤,临床上常称为肩锁关节脱位。肩锁关节损伤的Rockwood分型依据肩锁关节的解剖特点、损伤机制、损伤程度、影像学特点、分型合理,贴近临床实际,普遍被广大医疗机构和骨科医生所推崇。现就这种分型的临床意义分析总结如下。     

轴压与偏压状态下混凝土损伤全过程声发射特征参数分析

声发射技术可以评估混凝土的损伤演化过程。为合理描述混凝土的受压损伤演化过程,开展了轴压和偏压状态下混凝土损伤全过程的声发射试验,分析了轴压和偏压状态下混凝土损伤全过程声发射特征参数的演化规律,进而合理遴选了描述混凝土损伤演化过程的声发射特征参数,揭示了混凝土应力-应变曲线特征点与声发射特征参数特征点之间的对应关系。分析表明:振铃计数、持续时间、幅值、信号强度和平均频率可以较好地表征轴压与偏压状态下混凝土损伤的演化规律;混凝土试件受压破坏过程中声发射特征参数特征点与应力-应变曲线特征点之间具有高度的相关性,其中声发射特征参数特征点中的第一个分界点对应于应力-应变曲线弹性阶段的起点,第二个分界点对应于应力-应变曲线的峰值应力点,信号强度的最大突变点对应于应力-应变曲线的开裂点。     

激光诱导透明陶瓷损伤研究进展

在激光诱导损伤的响应中,透明陶瓷既有与其他光学元件的相似性,也表现出损伤的特殊性因其具有晶界、微气孔等微结构缺陷。强激光对透明陶瓷诱导损伤的形貌、分析损伤的规律并揭示损伤的机理的工作被开展,这有利于完善激光陶瓷的制备工艺,对降低高能激光系统的运行成本和提高负载能力均具有现实意义。本文综述了透明陶瓷激光诱导损伤的探究方法、损伤的影响因素和提升损伤阈值的途径3方面内容,并结合其他类光学元件较为成熟的研究思路或典型的探究方法。探讨了激光诱导透明陶瓷损伤中的几个研究重点及解决对策,对于高损伤阈值透明陶瓷的研制以及在强激光系统中的合理应用具有重要的参考价值。     

加氢精制反应器的腐蚀与防护

由于加氢精制装置操作条件的特殊性,加氢精制反应器有可能出现一些如氢脆、氢腐蚀、不锈钢堆焊层的剥离等特殊的损伤现象。为避免这些破坏性损伤的产生,加氢精制反应器必须要有正确的设计与选材,并且合理使用,从而保证设备的使用安全。     

Q345R钢高温损伤的疲劳特性研究

应用疲劳强度理论和疲劳累积损伤理论,对高温损伤后的Q345R钢试样进行常规机械性能测试,利用Q345R钢的静特性去推测它的疲劳特性。建立了Q345R钢损伤因子的概念,提出了一种在用Q345R钢服役期限的确定方法,为科学、合理地使用Q345R钢提供了理论依据。     

一种复合材料低速冲击性能的简化预计方法

低速冲击引起的分层损伤是层合板的主要损伤模式。对分层损伤进行数值模拟有着重要的工程价值,合理的假设有助于问题的简化,对于计算量和计算精度有着重要的影响。本文研究了层合复合材料分层损伤分析模型的建模方法,基于三个基本假设建立了分析模型,采用LS-DYNA显式算法对层合板的冲击响应和分层损伤进行了计算,计算结果与实验结果的一致性证明了该方法的正确性。     

RBI检验技术在合成氨装置检验中的应用

运用RBI技术对合成氨装置进行风险评估，确定装置失效可能性、失效后果以及风险等级，通过软件分析结果和损伤机理分析，确定设备主要失效模式为腐蚀减薄、应力腐蚀开裂和外部损伤，并由此制定了检验策略，提出了合理的降低风险措施。     

颅脑损伤病人并发症的护理

颅脑损伤是神经外科常见的疾病,具有突变、易变、多变的特点,并发症多、救治困难,死亡率高.精心、合理、有效的护理并发症,是提高治愈率,降低死亡率的重要保证.     

复合材料叠层板损伤应变能释放率

从损伤力学角度出发,利用断裂力学中有关概念、方法,推导出正交异性复合材料层板开裂、分层过程中的损伤应变能释放率.通过绘制开裂阻力曲线和假设起始开裂时应变能释放率相等,能合理解释复合材料层板在开裂过程中出现的各种行为现象.计算结果与实验非常吻合,并提出一种综合考虑强度与刚度的实用性设计准则.     

海洋平台现有无损检测技术调查与分析研究

海洋平台结构损伤识别多年来一直是海洋工程建设管理人员关注的课题,特别是近十年,国内外学者不断在寻找一种能适用于复杂结构的整体损伤评估方法.本文通过对海洋平台现有无损检测技术调查与分析研究,提出海洋平台在役检验的合理方案.     

延长窑口耐火材料使用周期的措施

如何延长回转窑窑口耐火材料使用周期是耐火材料管理中的难点和重点之一。以某水泥公司回转窑窑口耐火材料配置方案为例,分析了窑口耐火材料使用周期变短的诸多原因,提出了提高窑口耐火材料使用寿命的措施,主要包括优化窑口耐火材料设计和实施精细化施工方案等。     

Refractory materials for the melters of plants used in vitrification of radioactive wastes

Results of corrosion resistance tests of different types of refractory materials (fusion cast baddeleyite-corundum, high-zirconium, corundum, and chromium-containing materials) in melts of borosilicate and phosphate glass used for vitrification of radioactive wastes are presented. It is shown that the fusion cast high-chromium refractory materials KhPL-85 and KhMG-5, both of which contain more than 80.0% Cr₂O₃ , possess more than twice the corrosion resistance of the chromium-aluminum-zirconium refractory KhATs-30 (an analog of the refractory material ER 2161) and more than triple that of the baddeleyite-corundum refractories ER 1681 and ER 1711. High-chromium refractory materials may be considered promising candidates for use as the material of melters in plants for vitrification of radioactive wastes.     

大力发展优质合成耐火原料

进入新世纪,应根据我国耐火原料资源丰富的优势,加快发展有自己特色的矾土基和镁砂基的优质合成耐火原料.它们可分为均质料、改性料、转型料三种类型.     

不定形耐火浇注料在我公司沸腾炉中的应用

硫酸生产中 ,沸腾炉耐火衬里传统采用耐火砖砌筑 ,施工和检修相对较麻烦 ,费用也较高。通过对不定形耐火浇注料的性能测试 ,在炉顶球拱采用高铝质超低水泥耐火浇注料使用成功的基础上 ,进而用于沸腾炉炉体内衬获得成功。介绍了炉顶球拱和炉体内衬采用不定形耐火浇注料的施工方法 ,认为该技术先进可靠、投资适中、经济适用 ,有广泛的应用前景     

New Formulations of Fused Periclase-Based Refractory Materials for the Lining of Steel Ladles

New formulations of fused periclase-based carbon-containing refractory materials for differentiated use in the lining of steel ladles (bottom, slag zone, and walls) are proposed. The use of new refractory materials made it possible to improve the lining durability from 80 to 100 heats.     

Basic trends in development of production of refractory materials for the glass industry in Russia

The basic refractory plants in Russia that manufacture refractory products for glass companies and the materials made by them are presented. The basic trends in development of refractory production are examined.     

New fields of application of materials and articles from refractory fibers in the Al2O3 — SiO2 system

Basic properties of materials and articles from refractory fibers that save resources, cut heat loss, and reduce the consumption of material for furnaces are presented. A new direction in the development of materials and articles from refractory fibers for converter production is described     

Refractories for the Taphole of Converters

A range of refractory materials for the converter's taphole lining commercially available from the Kombinat Magnezit Joint-Stock Co. and major aspects of the processing technology are considered. The effective use of antioxidant additions is confirmed by thermal analysis. Results of operational tests of refractory materials are discussed. The advantages of an innovative design of the taphole unit composed of blocks of variable diameter and assembled on a metal template are emphasized. An economic feasibility analysis of the use of periclase-carbon taphole blocks is given. The newly designed refractory material are shown to conform with the requirements of modern converter technology.     

Theoretical aspects of the creation of highly efficient refractories on the basis of SHS technology

The theoretical principles behind the self-propagating high-temperature synthesis of refractory materials are established. The physico-chemical characteristics of these materials are studied and the technology for their production is optimized. The thermochemical and kinetic parameters of the solid-phase combustion of systems based on fireclay, chromite, magnesium sulfate, and aluminum are examined; the phase composition and thermodynamic and physico-mechanical characteristics of the combustion products are determined and formulations are developed for refractory concretes and gunites.     

The relationship between the thermoplastic and the dielectric properties of oxide refractories

Conclusions The interrelationship between the deformation rate and the dielectric properties of Al₂O₃- and MgO-base refractory materials was investigated. An empirical relationship making it possible to compare the deformation rate of different refractory materials with their dielectric characteristics was obtained.Translated from Ogneupory, No. 4, pp. 13–15, April, 1986.