几种技术在羊毛染色中的应用

介绍了等离子体技术、超声波技术、助剂增溶染色技术、超临界二氧化碳技术等在羊毛染色中的应用。并根据各个技术的作用原理,对其在应用中的优势以及存在的问题进行了详细的阐述。     

高级氧化技术在印染废水处理中应用的探讨

高级氧化技术是近年来备受人们关注的印染废水处理技术,本文分析了印染废水的基本特征,并就高级氧化技术中的超临界水氧化技术、湿式氧化技术、臭氧氧化技术、电化学氧化技术、Fenton氧化技术、超声波处理技术和光催化氧化技术在印染废水中的应用做了阐述,介绍了各技术的基本原理和应用中优缺点,为高级氧化技术在处理印染废水的实际应用提供了理论依据。     

光催化与吸附联合技术的应用初探

从室内空气的分类出发,介绍了其来源、污染现状以及其对人体的危害,并在此基础上具体地介绍了目前净化室内空气的基本方法,比如吸收技术、光催化、膜分离技术、植物净化技术等。同时探讨了光催化技术和吸附技术在净化室内空气上的应用。从而提出了光催化与吸附技术在联合应用上急需解决的问题以及发展趋势。     

微胶囊技术在纺织上的研究进展

综述了微胶囊技术近几年的应用发展,描述了界面聚合法、原位聚合法、复合凝聚法等几种常用微胶囊制备技术,以及微胶囊应用技术近几年在实际研究中的作用。着重介绍了微胶囊在纺织后整理、印花、染色中的作用。通过几种研究技术的比较和在各个领域应用的综述,找出微胶囊技术在纺织领域应用中的注意事项和它本身存在的技术局限性,并对微胶囊技术的未来进行了展望。     

我国油砂分离技术研究进展

对我国在油砂分离技术方面的室内实验及现场工业试验的研究进展进行了综述。介绍了水洗分离技术、溶剂抽提技术、超声波辅助分离技术、热解干馏技术、生物处理技术和无剂处理技术等室内研究以及水洗处理工艺、热解干馏工艺在现场工业试验的研究情况。并对我国油砂分离技术目前存在的问题及发展趋势提出了一些建议。     

高级氧化技术的研究现状及发展展望

为实现“绿水青山”的环保目标,废水治理技术还需要不断地优化改善。高级氧化技术因其高效、快捷、方便等优点,在众多废水处理技术中脱颖而出。本文针对电催化氧化技术、湿式氧化技术、湿式催化电氧化技术、电芬顿氧化技术等多种高级氧化技术在废水处理中的技术原理、发展现状及在应用中的优缺点进行了综述,并对高级氧化技术的未来发展进行了展望。     

浅析自动化技术在电子信息工程设计中的应用

自动化技术具有非常高的实用价值,随着科学技术的不断发展,自动化技术发展的科技基础更加坚实,也推动了自动化技术在各个领域的发展延伸。自动化技术在电子信息工程设计领域得到了充分的应用,多种形态的自动化设备推动了电子信息工程行业全方位、多层次的发展。本文在分析了自动化技术在电子工程中的应用前景、应用意义的基础上,重点研究了自动化技术在电子信息工程设计中的具体应用。     

臭氧氧化技术在水处理中的应用进展

臭氧氧化技术在水处理领域逐渐得到了广泛应用。介绍了臭氧的物理化学性质、单独臭氧氧化技术、催化臭氧氧化技术及其组合工艺技术,总结了各类催化臭氧氧化技术的催化剂和反应机理的研究进展,并展望了臭氧氧化技术在水处理方向的发展前景。     

Lipp技术在污水处理工程中的应用

介绍了Lipp技术建造SBR反应池的原理、技术经济优势、底板基础及密封、工艺管孔和人孔的安装等环节。将采用Lipp技术建造SBR反应池与传统工艺进行比较,分析了Lipp技术的优点和存在问题。引入了Lipp技术在工业中的几个应用实例,并提出了相应的技术改进措施,确保了Lipp技术在北方污水处理中的广阔应用前景。     

我国化工过程强化技术理论与应用研究进展

化工过程强化技术被认为是解决化学工业“高能耗、高污染和高物耗”问题的有效技术手段,可望从根本上变革化学工业的面貌。经过多年的基础研究和技术开发,我国在化工过程强化技术方面形成了自己的特色与优势。本文综述了我国在超重力技术、膜过程耦合技术、微化工技术、磁稳定床技术、等离子体技术、离子液体技术、超临界流体技术、微波辐射技术等典型化工过程强化技术方面的进展     

SPME联用GC/ECD测定饮水中氯酚

固相微萃取(SPME)是国际上1990s新发展起来的一项样品前处理技术。氯酚类化合物是环境中广泛存在的有机污染物，其中2,4-二氯酚(DCP)，2,4,6-三氯酚(TCP)和五氯酚(PCP)已被列为我国水体中优先控制物［3］和饮用水控制标准。国家现行饮用水检测标准方法中样品前处理采用固相萃取(SPE)法。本研究应用SPME联用GC/ECD检测饮水中3种氯酚，讨论实验条件对分析的影响，并和SPE法进行比较。表明SPME法在检测限、精密度、操作性等方面优于现行标准方法。     

A new analytical method to monitor lipid peroxidation during bleaching

Whereas solid phase microextraction (SPME) combined with gas chromatography is a wide‐spread technique in certain fields of food analysis this technique is quite new for the analysis of vegetable oils. The method is sensitive enough to follow changes in the oxidative state of vegetable oils by measuring the amount of volatile materials produced during storage and the refining process. In the present study degummed rapeseed oil was bleached using different activated bleaching earths applied in four dosages. Their effect on lipid degradation was determined both by traditional methods (e.g. UV absorbance, p‐anisidine value) and by the SPME‐HS method. Although the p‐anisidine value (p‐AV) gives only the concentration of β‐unsaturated aldehydes it correlates well to the amount of total volatile substances as determined by SPME at the headspace of the sample. The extracted volatile materials were separated and identified by gas chromatography combined with mass spectrometry. SPME gives more information about the stage of oxidation and the applied bleaching earth by quantifying the volatile compounds. Additionally SPME does not require any toxic reagent such as p‐methoxy aniline which is used to determine the p‐AV. Although bleaching is very important it was disregarded in recent years. Therefore one of the aims of the present study is to draw back more attention towards bleaching.     

固相微萃取技术及其在环境分析中的应用

固相微萃取技术是一种新型的样品前处理技术,它将取样、萃取、浓缩等过程合并在一个操作步骤中完成,不需要有机萃取剂,是一种简便快捷的样品前处理技术。文章在系统地介绍SPME的发展、原理、装置、影响因素的基础上,阐述了近年来固相微萃取技术在环境分析中的应用,并预测了今后的发展趋势。     

Accurate determination of hexanal in beef bouillons by headspace solid‐phase microextraction gas‐chromatography mass‐spectrometry

Lipid oxidation has great impact on the quality of food products through flavor and taste deterioration, reduction in nutritive value, and potential toxicity of the oxidized food components. Flavor and taste deterioration can be easily perceived and it represents one of the major causes of consumer complaints in the food industry. The deterioration of sensory properties is due to the decomposition products of hydroperoxides that easily isomerize and degrade into volatile compounds. Volatile products are responsible for flavor and taste deterioration. In this study, we present the development of the solid‐phase microextraction gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (SPME‐GC‐MS) technique to quantify low amounts (μg/g range) of secondary oxidation products, i.e. hexanal. The optimization of SPME parameters is a difficult task because of the possibility of further formation of volatile products during analysis. Different parameters such as type of fiber, exposure time of the fiber to the sample headspace and the optimal temperature of absorption have also been investigated. The complete validation of the method was achieved by the determination of linearity, limits of detection and quantification and repeatability. We demonstrated that the SPME method is a valuable tool for the quantification of low amounts of secondary oxidation products such as hexanal. Therefore, this technique can be used to detect early formation of volatiles.     

Comparison of two methods for extraction of volatiles from marine PL emulsions

The dynamic headspace (DHS) thermal desorption principle using Tenax GR tube, as well as the solid phase micro‐extraction (SPME) tool with carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane 50/30 µm CAR/PDMS SPME fiber, both coupled to GC/MS were implemented for the isolation and identification of both lipid and Strecker derived volatiles in marine phospholipids (PL) emulsions. Comparison of volatile extraction efficiency was made between the methods. For marine PL emulsions with a highly complex composition of volatiles headspace, a fiber saturation problem was encountered when using CAR/PDMS‐SPME for volatiles analysis. However, the CAR/PDMS‐SPME technique was efficient for lipid oxidation analysis in emulsions of less complex headspace. The SPME method extracted volatiles of lower molecular weights more efficient than the DHS method. On the other hand, DHS Tenax GR appeared to be more efficient in extracting volatiles of higher molecular weights and it provided a broader volatile spectrum for marine PL emulsion than the CAR/PDMS‐SPME method.     

离子液体在固相微萃取中的应用进展

由于具有黏度大、蒸汽压低、热稳定性好、设计灵活、环境友好等特点,离子液体可被应用于固相微萃取技术中。离子液体固相微萃取结合了液相微萃取和固相微萃取的特点,是一种高效的样品前处理技术。本文主要从离子液体在固相微萃取中的不同存在形式和作用方面综述了近年来离子液体在固相微萃取技术中的应用进展,并对其发展方向进行了展望。     

Head Space—Solid Phase Micro Extraction Profile of Volatile Organic Compounds Emitted from Parquet Samples

The potential health risks posed by volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in homes are of concern. There is little information on indoor VOC emissions from wood flooring, called parquet. Six parquet samples were examined for VOCs in this preliminary study using Head Space—Solid Phase Micro Extraction (SPME) gas chromatography, a powerful and versatile analytical method which has been only minimally employed previously in wood chemistry. Prefinished composite samples released the highest levels of VOCs, mainly due to adhesives and finishes, with acetic acid the main component released from the oak component. As some VOCs from parquet present a health hazard, more comprehensive studies employing the SPME technique described herein are needed.     

Volatile compounds of original African black and white shea butter from Tchad and Cameroon

Shea butter is used as an edible vegetable fat in many African countries. It can be utilized as a substitute or complete replacement for cocoa butter in various applications and plays an important role in traditional African medicinal practice. Although detection of volatile compounds by solid‐phase micro‐extraction gas‐chromatography mass‐spectroscopy (SPME‐GC‐MS) is a very reliable and reproducible technique, which can be used as an important part of authenticity checking, production monitoring and contamination detection, no published data about volatile compounds of shea butter are available so far. In this investigation, the characteristic volatiles in the headspace of original African shea butter samples were identified by using SPME‐capillary‐GC coupled to a mass selective detector. Almost 100 different volatile components were identified, e.g. fatty acids, saturated and unsaturated aldehydes and ketones, terpenes, and typical Maillard reaction products such as methylfuranes and pyrazines. Furthermore, the samples have been olfactorily evaluated by a panel of professional flavorists and trained analytical chemists. It can be stated that variations in processing conditions of shea butter result in considerable differences in the composition of headspace volatiles, detected by SPME‐GC‐MS and human olfaction.     

固相微萃取在食品安全检验中的应用

固相微萃取(SPME)技术是在固相萃取(SPE)的基础上发展出起来的一种新型样品前处理技术,它集采样、萃取、浓缩、进样于一体,可与GC、HPLC联用,检测简便、快速、无有机溶剂、选择性好、灵敏度高.本文介绍其装置、原理、SPME-GC联用技术、SPME-HPLC联用技术,及其在食品安全检验中的应用.