喷雾干燥法制备氧化镁材料及其吸附性能

采用喷雾干燥结合热处理法制备花瓣状的MgO,通过对热处理温度的调整,实现MgO表面形貌的调控。研究了所制备MgO粉末作为吸附剂对刚果红的吸附性能,当热处理温度为400℃,得到花瓣状的MgO纳米结构,比表面积达到140.5 m~2·g~(-1),且对刚果红溶液的饱和吸附量约为1480 mg·g~(-1)。它们对刚果红的吸附能力比报道的其他花瓣状结构的金属氧化物要高。此外,对其吸附模型、吸附动力学以及吸附机制进行探究,表明吸附过程符合Langmuir吸附模型,所制备样品对刚果红溶液的吸附过程可以由准二级动力学来描述。所制备的花瓣状MgO其高效的吸附性能,使其成为非常有前景的吸附剂用于去除污水中的刚果红染料。     

磷钨酸铵-海藻酸钙复合吸附剂的制备及其铷吸附热力学及动力学

杂多酸盐无机离子吸附剂对于碱金属离子具有良好吸附性能,可望用于铷的分离提取。以海藻酸钙(CaALG)为载体,对铷有良好选择性的磷钨酸铵(AWP)为活性成分,采用溶胶凝胶法制备球形复合吸附剂AWP-CaALG并优化了物料配比、CaCl₂浓度、陈化时间及干燥温度等制备条件,通过SEM、XRD、IR分析对制备产物进行了表征。通过静态吸附实验,测得吸附剂对Rb⁺吸附容量达43 mg·g^-1。实验考察了溶液中铷初始浓度、吸附温度对吸附过程的影响,分别采用Langmuir等温吸附模型、Freundlich等温吸附模型对实验数据进行线性回归分析,结果表明吸附过程更符合Freundlich等温吸附模型(R²>0.9962)。计算铷吸附过程焓变(ΔH)、熵变(ΔS)分别为-14.18 kJ·mol^-1和-0.0367 kJ·mol^-1·K^-1,不同温度下ΔG均为负值,说明该吸附过程可自发进行,低温利于吸附,升温利于解吸。吸附动力学结果表明该吸附过程符合拟二级动力学模型,且受化学反应控制。     

镁浸渍生物炭吸附氨氮和磷：制备优化和吸附机理

利用废弃的木薯杆制备了载镁的生物炭吸附剂。以氨氮、磷为目标污染物，采用控制变量法研究了不同镁盐改性、MgCl₂浓度、碳化温度、固液比和碳化时间对氨氮、磷吸附性能的影响，制备最具吸附性能的载镁木薯秆基生物炭（Mg-BC），进行批量吸附氨氮和磷实验。利用等温模型（Langmuir和Freundlich模型）和动力学模型（准一级动力学、准二级动力学和颗粒内扩散模型）探究其吸附特性，在其吸附特性研究的基础上，运用FTIR、XRD、SEM-EDS、XPS等表征手段对其吸附机理进行探讨。结果表明，Mg-BC对氨氮和磷的吸附过程均符合Freundlich模型和准二级动力学模型，为多分子层的化学吸附，理论饱和吸附量分别为43.48 mg·g^-1和96.00 mg·g^-1。结合表征结果推测，Mg-BC吸附氨氮、磷主要通过官能团作用、络合沉淀和离子交换等多过程协同完成。     

介孔Cr(OH)3的制备及其对钒(Ⅴ)离子的吸附性能

以CrCl₃·6H₂O作为铬源,通过添加强碱制备出大比表面积（312.70 m²·g^-1）、高孔隙率（0.48 cm³·g^-1）的介孔Cr（OH）₃,并研究了其对溶液中钒（V）离子的吸附性能,考察了溶液pH、吸附剂用量、吸附温度、吸附时间等条件对吸附效果的影响。结果表明,当溶液pH在2.0~9.0、钒离子浓度为100~500 mg·L^-1时,采用该吸附剂均可实现溶液中钒离子的高效去除。在最优实验条件下,钒去除率接近100%,钒离子浓度可由500 mg·L^-1降至0.81 mg·L^-1。吸附热力学的研究结果表明,Cr（OH）₃对钒离子的吸附过程遵循Langmuir等温吸附;吸附过程符合拟二级反应动力学方程,反应级数为拟二级。     

改性氧化铝对饮用水中氟离子的吸附性能研究

采用浸渍法制备ZrCl₄改性γ-Al₂O₃吸附剂,探究了吸附剂用量、初始F-浓度、吸附时间以及溶液pH值对吸附量的影响。结果表明,ZrCl₄改性浓度为2(wt)%,吸附剂ZrCl₄-Al₂O₃投加量为4g·L^-1,溶液初始pH值为4,吸附温度为25℃,吸附时间为24h时,吸附效果最好,吸附量为17.08mg·g^-1,相较于未改性γ-Al₂O₃提高了149.4%。吸附过程符合Freundlich吸附等温方程和准二级动力学模型,是一种优势放热吸附过程。     

CTAB改性铁柱撑膨润土对苯酚的吸附

为了研究膨润土对含酚废水的吸附性能,采用羟基铁柱撑剂对钠基膨润土进行预改性,随后用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)改性,制备CTAB改性铁柱撑膨润土。利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、红外光谱仪(FTIR)和场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)对改性膨润土的结构和性能进行表征。考察了吸附剂用量、吸附时间、吸附温度、苯酚初始浓度和pH值对吸附性能的影响,研究了吸附热力学和吸附动力学规律。结果表明,CTAB进入铁柱撑膨润土的层间和表面。当吸附剂用量为3 g·L^-1、吸附时间为60 min、吸附温度为25 ℃、苯酚初始浓度为300 mg·L^-1、苯酚初始pH值为7时,改性膨润土吸附量达到29.7 mg·g^-1,吸附过程符合准二级动力学模型和Freundlich热力学模型。     

硫镍共掺杂活性炭对CO的高效吸附

本研究采用高硫石油焦为基础原料,通过碱性碳化制备了石油基活性炭(PAC,BET>2500m²·g^-1),并进一步通过在H₂SO₄溶液中浸渍负载镍盐,制备了镍负载的高硫石油焦基活性炭吸附剂S-Ni/PAC。吸附结果表明,硫和镍的引入对吸附性能起重要协同作用,相较于不加或只加其中单一元素的吸附剂,其吸附CO的容量和选择性均有大幅提升。室温下,所制备的硫镍共掺杂活性炭吸附剂对CO的吸附呈现出明显Type Ⅰ微孔吸附特征,在20kPa下吸附量达6mmol·g^-1以上。     

高活性氧化镁的制备及其对铅离子吸附性能

以工业氢氧化镁为原料,采用水热-煅烧法和碳化-煅烧法制备氧化镁。前者将原料氢氧化镁通过水热制备六角片状氢氧化镁,再在适当温度下煅烧氢氧化镁得到活性氧化镁;后者是先用CO₂将Mg（OH）₂转化成片层花状碱式碳酸镁或三水碳酸镁晶须作为前驱体,通过煅烧得到高活性的氧化镁。研究了前驱体、煅烧温度和煅烧时间等条件对MgO活性的影响,结果表明,以MgCO₃·3H₂O晶须制备的MgO表现出优异的活性,其柠檬酸值为8.45 s,吸碘值为262.14 mg·g^-1。研究了制备的活性MgO对Pb²⁺的吸附性能,显示出其对Pb²⁺具有良好的吸附作用,饱和吸附量达到364 mg·g^-1,其过程符合Langmuir吸附模型。     

牡丹壳基类石墨烯多孔炭材料对四环素的吸附研究

以废弃牡丹壳为原料，通过浸渍-煅烧的方法，制备了类石墨烯多孔炭(PGCs)。借助TEM、XRD和BET分析仪等对PGCs进行了表征，考察了溶液pH值、吸附时间和温度等因素对PGCs去除四环素(TC)性能影响。结果表明：PGCs材料具有较高石墨度、比表面积(3 626.2 m²·g^-1)、孔容(1.035 cm³·g^-1),以及丰富的含氧表面官能团；在pH值=3～11、盐离子存在条件下(c_Na2SO4/NaCl=0.1～0.5 mol/L),该材料对TC均表现出良好的吸附性能；吸附为自发吸热过程，符合Freundlich等温吸附和Pseudo-second-order动力学模型，25℃时平衡吸附量为858.0 mg·g^-1。经过5次吸附-解吸后，吸附量仍保持在500 mg·g^-1以上。结合表征分析和吸附研究，认为PGCs材料对TC的高效吸附得益于其高比表面积和多级孔结构，以及表面C=O和sp<...     

热改性废茶叶吸附刚果红性能的研究

采用热改性废茶叶吸附刚果红染料,考察了pH、吸附剂投加量、染料液浓度和温度对热改性废茶叶吸附染料性能的影响。采用SEM和BET研究了热改性茶叶的基本物理化学特性,最后采用伪一阶动力学模型和伪二阶动力学模型拟合了改性废茶叶对刚果红染料的吸附动力学过程,并对其吸附热力学进行分析。结果表明,热改性废茶叶表面出现了形状各异的小孔,其比表面积、总孔容和平均孔径比改性前增加较多;当溶液质量浓度为50 mg/L、pH为4、吸附剂投加量为0.4 g/L、温度为35℃时,染料的吸附率达到最佳,为98.4%,吸附量为123 mg/g;热改性废茶叶对刚果红吸附动力学符合伪二阶动力学模型,吸附过程是由物理吸附和化学吸附共同决定的。热力学分析表明,吸附过程是自发进行的吸热过程。     

Facile synthesis of α-MnO2 micronests composed of nanowires and their enhanced adsorption to Congo red

In this paper, α-MnO₂ micronests composed of nanowires were fabricated via a hydrothermal reaction of MnSO₄·H₂O and K₂S₂O₈ solutions. The α-MnO₂ micronests were demonstrated to have a higher adsorption capacity than γ-MnO₂ microspheres due to their large specific surface area. The amount of Congo red adsorbed per unit weight of α-MnO₂ micronests increased significantly from 114 to 282 mg·g^-1 with concentration of Congo red solution increasing from 50 to 200 mg·L^-1, but it had a little change with temperature. Kinetics, isotherms and thermodynamics for the adsorption of Congo red on α-MnO₂ micronests were examined. The adsorption process followed the pseudo-second-order kinetics with good correlation. The experimental data were analyzed by Langmuir and Freundlich models, and equilibrium data fitted the Langmuir isotherm very well with maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of 625 mg·g^–1 at 22 °C. The adsorption was spontaneous and endothermic according to thermodynamic studies. The experimental results indicate that α-MnO₂ micronests possess a high adsorption capacity and could be employed as a replacement of traditional sorbents.     

气溶胶辅助法合成球形氧化镁及其吸附性能研究

以氯化镁为镁源,尿素为沉淀剂,采用气溶胶辅助法制备了球形氧化镁。利用X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）、红外光谱（IR）和氮气吸附-脱附等技术手段对不同反应温度下制备的前驱体和氧化镁样品进行了表征。实验结果表明：制备的球形氧化镁比表面积为36 m ²/g,平均孔径为34 nm,总孔容为0.26 cm ³/g;其对刚果红的吸附符合伪二级动力学,且5 min内达到吸附平衡;吸附等温线符合Langmuir模型,饱和吸附量为764.91 mg/g。     

赤泥/煤基铁炭材料的制备及其脱除废水Cr(Ⅵ)的性能

以脱钠赤泥、粉状褐煤为原料,羧甲基纤维素钠为黏结剂,采用碳热还原法制备了可替代商业铁炭微电解填料的廉价铁炭材料,用于去除废水中的Cr（Ⅵ）。考察了不同的制备参数（炭化温度、炭化时间、赤泥/煤质量比）和吸附条件（溶液pH、浓度）,以提升Cr（Ⅵ）去除效果。结果表明质量比（赤泥/煤）为1/3、800℃炭化1h的赤泥/煤基铁炭材料,可达到最大Cr（Ⅵ）吸附量（4.03 mg·g^-1）、最低铁溶出量（< 0.19 mg·g^-1）和最大比吸附量（12.97 mg·g^-1,由Langmuir吸附等温线模型算出）。赤泥/煤基铁炭材料对Cr （Ⅵ）的吸附等温线符合Freundlich方程,其吸附动力学可用准一级或准二级动力学方程来描述。多种表征（XRD、XRF、BET和SEM等）结果进一步表明赤泥/煤基铁炭材料比商业铁炭填料具有更高的铁还原度、更大的比表面积和孔容以及更好的颗粒分散度,使其具有更好的Cr（Ⅵ）的去除效果。     

Adsorption equilibrium,kinetics, and dynamic separation of Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions from phosphoric acid-nitric acid aqueous solution by strong acid cation resin

The separation of Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ ions from phosphoric acid-nitric acid aqueous solution is very significant for the neutralization process of nitrophosphate fertilizer. This paper studied the adsorption equilibrium, kinetics, and dynamic separation of Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ ions by strong acid cation resin, and the effects of phosphoric acid and nitric acid on the adsorption process were investigated. The results reveal that the adsorption process of Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ ions in pure water on resin is in good agreement with the Langmuir isotherm model and their maximal adsorption capacities are 1.86 mmol·g^-1 and 1.83 mmol·g^-1, respectively. The adsorption kinetics of Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ ions on resin fits better with the pseudo-first-order model, and the adsorption equilibrium in pure water is reached within 10 min contact time, while at the present of phosphoric acid, the adsorption rate of Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ ions on resin will go down. The dynamic separation experiments demonstrate that the designed column adsorption is able to undertake the separation of metal ions from the mix acids aqueous solution, but the dynamic operation should control the flow rate of mix acid solution. Besides nitric acid solution was proved to be effective to completely regenerate the spent resin and achieve the recyclable operation of separation process.     

Adsorption removal of o-nitrophenol and p-nitrophenol from wastewater by metal–organic framework Cr-BDC

In the present paper, a metal–organic framework Cr-BDC was prepared and used as adsorbent for adsorption of o-nitrophenol(ONP) and p-nitrophenol(PNP) from aqueous solutions. Cr-BDC was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscope, X-ray diffraction and BET methods. The results indicate that Cr-BDC gets a very large specific surface area of 4128 m~2·g~(-1)and pore sizes are concentrated in 1 nm, which is a benefit for using for wastewater treatment. The influences of the adsorption conditions, such as temperature,solution concentration, adsorption time and reusability on adsorption performance were investigated. Cr-BDC exhibited an encouraging uptake capacity of 310.0 mg·g~(-1)for ONP, and adsorption capacity of Cr-BDC for ONP is significantly higher than that for PNP under suitable adsorption conditions. The characterizations of adsorption process were examined with the Lagergren pseudo-first-order, the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, and the intra-particular diffusion model. Kinetics experiments indicated that the pseudo-second-order model displayed the best correlation with adsorption kinetics data. Furthermore, our adsorption equilibrium data could be better described by the Freundlich equation. The results indicate that the as-prepared Cr-BDC is promising for use as an effective and economical adsorbent for ONP removal.     

污泥含炭吸附剂的制备及其吸附模拟烟气中汞蒸汽的应用(英文)

The carbonaceous adsorbent was prepared from mixtures of dewatered sludge and sawdust with enhanced ZnCl2 chemical activation.Characteristics of the adsorbent were studied using scanning electron microscope(SEM) ,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR) ,and adsorption of nitrogen.The surface analysis showed that the carbonaceous adsorbent had good specific surface and porosity(394 m 2 ·g-1of BET surface,0.12 and 0.10 ml·g-1of microporous and mesoporous volume,respectively) .The oxygen functional groups such as OH,C O and C O were found on the surface by FTIR and XPS(X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) .The adsorption of elemental mercury(Hg0) on the carbonaceous adsorbent was studied in a fixed bed reactor.The dynamic adsorption capacity of carbonaceous adsorbent increased with influent mercury concentration,from 23.6μg·g-1at 12.58μg·m-3to 87.9μg·g-1at 72.50μg·m-3,and decreased as the adsorption temperature increased,from 246 μg·g-1 at 25°C to 61.3μg·g-1 at 140°C,when dry nitrogen was used as the carrier gas.The carbonaceous adsorbent presented higher dynamic adsorption capacity than activated carbon,which was 81.2μg·g-1and 53.8μg·g-1respectively.The adsorption data were fitted to the Langmuir adsorption model.The physical and chemical adsorption were identified on the adsorbent.     

纳米腐殖酸动态吸附废水中镉离子及其洗脱特性

在静态法研究纳米腐殖酸吸附模拟含镉废水基础上搭建考察模拟含镉废水中镉离子在吸附剂上动态吸附及洗脱特性的吸附柱实验装置,考察镉离子溶液浓度、吸附(脱附)温度、共存离子和进料流速对穿透吸附量和饱和吸附量的影响,运用Thomas模型研究了纳米腐殖酸柱吸附过程动力学机理,测定了再生后纳米腐殖酸的穿透吸附量和饱和吸附量,结果表明:初始镉离子浓度150 mg·L^-1和流速10 ml·min^-1下,其饱和吸附量分别为426.3 mg·g^-1和405.5 mg·g^-1;Thomas模型所得饱和吸附量q_em分别为364.1、436.1和441.9 mg·g^-1;洗脱峰镉离子浓度分别为3.3、12.0和22.0 g·L^-1;共存离子SO₄^2-浓度增加,纳米腐殖酸对镉离子的穿透吸附量和饱和吸附量降低;吸附和脱附均可常温工况进行。经30次吸附和再生后,穿透吸附量和饱和吸附量无明显降低。用红外光谱仪(FT-IR)、扫描电镜(SEM)及X射线能谱仪(EDS)对纳米腐殖酸吸附再生前、后性能进行表征,结果表明:纳米腐殖酸物化性能稳定,形貌基本无变化,尺度发生一定程度减小,表面及内部的氨基、羟基等对吸附镉离子均发挥有效作用,该材料可满足重复使用。     

甲基丙烯酸接枝改性玉米芯对Cd2+的吸附及机理

以甲基丙烯酸为单体、高锰酸钾/浓硫酸为引发体系对玉米芯进行接枝改性,成功引入羧基官能团,结合扫描电镜、红外光谱和zeta电位等分析手段研究了吸附条件对玉米芯吸附Cd²⁺过程的影响及其吸附机理。结果表明,吸附过程符合Langmuir模型和准二级动力学方程,改性玉米芯对Cd²⁺的吸附主要是化学吸附过程,吸附速率是颗粒内扩散速率和膜扩散速率共同影响的结果;在pH 7、投加量为5 g·L^-1、温度为30℃、吸附时间为6 h的条件下,接枝改性玉米芯和原玉米芯对Cd²⁺的最大吸附容量分别为28.00 mg·g^-1和5.96 mg·g^-1,提高了近4倍;玉米芯对Cd²⁺的吸附是一个自发的吸热反应,温度越高,自发程度越大;接枝改性玉米芯对Cd²⁺的吸附过程中,参与反应的主要官能团有羧基、羟基、酰胺基和甲基等,吸附Cd²⁺后的接枝改性玉米芯表面出现褶皱和白色小颗粒,孔隙消失,电负性增大。