供热锅炉用煤泥水煤浆制备技术在门克庆煤矿的应用

介绍了门克庆煤矿工业锅炉供热存在的问题,阐述了煤泥水煤浆制备的工艺流程、设备及技术特点,并分别从技术、经济方面与外购水煤浆进行了比较;门克庆煤矿采用选煤厂煤泥制备的水煤浆完全可以满足水煤浆锅炉对燃料的技术要求,锅炉热效能达到了节能指标;用煤泥作水煤浆原料,不仅提高了煤泥的利用价值,而且有效降低了水煤浆的成本,提高了企业的经济和环境效益。     

高效水煤浆制浆燃烧集成技术研制与应用

为促进煤炭的清洁高效利用,株洲市蓝宇热能科技研制有限公司依托子母炉层-悬浮燃烧水煤浆锅炉,集成膜分离、功率超声处理与高效机械离心分离等绿色低碳技术,构建了新型高效生物质水煤浆制浆燃烧系统。该系统由有机废液的高效预处理模块、污泥的高效预处理模块、生物质水煤浆制浆模块、生物质水煤浆燃烧模块和净化水生化处理模块5个模块组成。高效水煤浆制浆燃烧集成技术已有多项工程应用实例,结果证明:该技术能有效降低有害气体的排放,同时实现污泥、有机废液的能源、资源化利用。     

循环流化床锅炉直接燃烧煤泥在实践中的应用

为了消耗煤矿选煤厂在洗选中出现的废料煤泥,冀中能源股份有限公司矸石热电厂坑口自备热电厂循环流化床锅炉进行技术改造。热电厂结合选煤厂实际状况和工艺,改变传统的燃烧煤泥方式,采用了直接掺入煤泥的方式方法燃烧煤泥。省去了压滤机压滤煤泥过程环节和专用烧煤泥系统、设备环节等。工艺简单,经济实用。通过现有的3Χ75 t/h和1Χ130t/h循环流化床锅炉中进行的直接掺入煤泥燃烧方式的实际应用,效果良好,锅炉运行安全稳定,额定出力、蒸汽温度、压力等运行参数正常。     

煤泥成浆燃烧试验研究

研究探索出了一套劣质煤和煤泥制水煤浆的方法并成功用于燃煤锅炉的掺烧，可有效提高锅炉的燃烧效率和热效率。特别是在矿区利用煤泥做浆掺烧，既可以节省原煤燃料，又可以减少煤泥污染，节能降耗，降低污染排放。提高锅炉的热效率和燃烧效率，有很好的经济性和广阔的应用前景。     

我国煤泥水煤浆技术的发展

论述了我国抚顺、淮南及邢台矿务局利用洗煤泥制浆后供锅炉燃烧的技术发展情况，并根据试验结果指出，这项技术是成功的，具有明显的经济效益和社会效益，是解决我国洗煤泥利用问题的一条重要途径。     

新型湿式破碎机在煤泥制备水煤浆工艺中的应用

阐述了在锤式破碎机的基础上进行优化设计出一种新型湿式破碎机的工作原理,该机在门克庆矿区选煤厂的应用实践表明,该湿式破碎机在煤泥流态工况条件下的打散破碎效果及工程化应用均满足煤泥制备水煤浆工况的需求。     

煤泥炉的发展与前景

简要介绍了发展煤泥炉的必要性、可行性,以及目前煤泥炉的种类特点,突出了水煤浆制备技术和新型煤泥燃烧技术对煤泥炉发展的重要性。     

常村矿煤泥水煤浆的燃烧实验研究

通过在卧式圆筒形燃烧炉上对煤泥水煤浆进行试烧实验，研究煤泥水煤浆的着火、燃烧、结渣以及污染物排放等规律，测试配风参数、火焰温度、炉膛出口温度和飞灰含碳量等特性参数，摸索低挥发分（Vad=14．82％）煤泥水煤浆的着火稳燃技术措施。实验结果表明，常村这种低挥发分煤泥水煤浆能在工业炉内正常着火和稳定燃烧，最高燃烧温度能达到1500℃以上，燃烧效率97．22％；由于此种水煤浆燃烧温度较高，设计锅炉时应考虑采取降低NOx和防止结渣措施。     

75t/h洗煤泥循环床发电锅炉的设计与点火运行

介绍了采用浙江大学开发的异比重流化床燃烧技术,与无锡锅炉厂联合开发的国内最大的燃用洗煤泥75t/h循环流化床锅炉设计的主要技术特点、75t/h洗煤泥循环床锅炉的点火过程及运行情况.运行表明,该锅炉为中国矿区洗煤泥资源化利用提供了先进的技术手段.     

洗煤泥煤矸石流化床混烧过程基础研究与工业应用

分析了洗煤泥、煤矸石流化床混烧过程的特点,介绍了异重流化床流体动力特性,煤泥煤矸石混烧的燃烧特性和污染物排放控制特性等方面的研究结果.该技术已在多台35 t/h及135 t/h电站锅炉上得以应用,结果表明所开发的煤泥煤矸石流化床混烧技术可在较高的燃烧效率下稳定地处理各矿区的煤泥和煤矸石, 并能达到清洁燃烧.     

Electrical conductivity of coal and coal char

The electrical conductivity of coal, at either 1 kHz or d.c., was measured at 24 °C on samples recovered from pyrolysis experiments aimed at modelling conditions during in situ gasification of coal. From an initial value of 10⁻³ S/m (when the coal is saturated with formation water), the conductivity decreases to 10⁻⁸ S/m when the coal is heated to 110 °C in vacuum. This low value, presumably due to dehydration of the coal, prevails for samples heated as high as 500 °C in dry argon. Samples of char recovered after pyrolysis to 800 °C or more have a conductivity of 10² S/m. Capitalizing on the large contrast between the conductivities of coal and char produced during gasification, electrical probing may be a sensitive tool for monitoring ‘burn-front’ progress during in situ coal gasification.     

Differences between mineral coal and extracted coal

A distinction is proposed between mineral coal and extracted coal. Mineral coal is a complex natural composite that is found in underground beds, while extracted coal is created from mineral coal in working those beds. It is important to keep in mind that mineral coal is created by natural processes, whereas extracted coal is produced by human activity.     

Molecular components of coal and coal structure

A high-volatile bituminous coal was extracted at room temperature by various organic solvents. The yields of the extracts ranged from 4.5 wt% daf (ethanol/benzene extract) to 38 wt% daf (pyridine/ethylenediamine extract). The extracts were analysed by Fl mass spectrometry; the volatile part (75–80 wt%) was composed of substances of molecular weight in the range 70–800 amu, but the compounds in the 200–600 amu range predominated. Over 300 compounds were identified by high-resolution mass spectrometry. The results indicate that compounds < 800 amu constitute at least 30 wt% daf of the analysed coal.     

澳大利亚煤代替西曲焦煤的配煤炼焦研究

对澳大利亚煤和国内6种单种煤进行煤质分析和配煤炼焦实验,分析澳大利亚煤代替西曲煤进行炼焦的可行性。结果表明澳大利亚煤具有低灰低硫、高挥发分等特点,在炼焦中用澳大利亚煤替代西曲焦煤可降低焦炭的灰分和硫分,增大焦炭的各向异性指数,改善焦炭强度。     

黏结煤与不黏煤共热解特性研究

为了利用内构件反应器热解技术实现黏结性煤的高值化利用,采用TG-MS和固定床反应器研究了黏结的山西兴县煤(简称XX煤)与不黏的先锋褐煤(简称XF煤)共热解时的破黏和热解特性。TG-MS实验结果表明,XX煤与XF煤配制的混合煤比XX煤黏性小,且XF煤促进了XX煤热解,混合煤热解行为是两种煤共同作用的结果。固定床热解实验表明,煤粒径越小,降黏越显著;XX煤和XF煤的比例(XX:XF)越小,降黏越显著,XX:XF小于5:5时,可消除结焦团块;XX:XF越小,半焦产率越低,焦油和煤气产率越高;随XX:XF减小,焦油中<170℃和230~300℃的馏分含量先升后降,XX:XF=6:4~3:7时最高,170~210℃、210~230℃和300~360℃的馏分逐渐增加,>360℃的馏分含量不断降低;随XX:XF的减小,H2含量先升高后降低,在XX:XF=3:7时最高;CO含量呈略微升高趋势;CO2含量先逐步升高,在XX:XF=6:4达到最高,然后从XX:XF=5:5开始降低,在XX:XF=3:7达到最低,然后又开始升高;CH4及C2~C3组分含量呈下降趋势,而H2+CO+CH4 (煤气中有效组分之和)的含量先下降再升高接着再降低,在XX:XF=6:4时最低,XX:XF=3:7时最高。XX:XF越小,虽半焦的C/N和C/H不断减少,但C元素含量增幅和N, H元素含量减幅增大;比表面积越大,内孔结构越多越大,起燃温度越低,燃烧越彻底。     

Industrial coking of coal batch without bituminous coal

For many years, Kuznetsk-coal batch has always included bituminous coal. Depending on the content of such coal, the batch may be characterized as lean, moderately clinkering, or bituminous. This classification was adopted by specialists of the Eastern Coal-Chemistry Institute (ECCI) in experimental coking at Magnitogorsk Metallurgical Works in 1945 [1]. Lean batch contained 10% Osinovsk bituminous coal (plastic-layer thickness y = 13 mm); moderately coking coal contained 25% bituminous coal (y = 16 mm); and bituminous batch contained 40% of such coal (y = 20 mm).     

关于混煤的配煤探讨

针对生产用煤多为复杂混煤的不利情况,在常规分析数据的基础上利用岩相分析手段指导配煤,有效稳定了焦炭质量,明显改善了焦炭的热态性能。     

煤岩学在炼焦配煤中的应用进展及优化配煤技术

科学合理的配煤技术对于焦化企业高质量发展至关重要,炼焦配煤技术的核心在于对原料煤煤质特性的深入认知。影响炼焦煤性质的主要因素包括变质程度、煤岩组成及第三成因因素,故煤岩学对炼焦配煤技术的研究与应用至关重要。本文论述了经验配煤、煤岩配煤及人工智能配煤3种炼焦配煤技术发展历程和现状,凝练了炼焦配煤技术的发展趋势。结合研究实际,重点梳理了煤岩学指标在炼焦配煤中的应用现状。在注重煤岩特征的同时,也需兼顾工艺指标等相关参数对炼焦煤优劣的表征。在实际应用中,各项指标参数的选择和利用需要综合考虑参数适配范围并尊重该指标与炼焦煤特性的真实对应关系。基于以上内容,提出了关联成煤时代、产地等地质因素和黏结指数、胶质层指数等工艺指标的整体思路,实现焦炭性能与原料煤特性的科学、深入关联,构建“本源-过程-结果”一体的优化配煤技术新体系。     

Coking properties of coal pitch in coal batch

The coking properties of coal pitch depend significantly on its fractional composition, which determines the set of structural components involved in meso-phase formation. The optimal combination of high-molecular aromatic compounds, polycyclic compounds of intermediate molecular mass, and hydrogen-donor hydroaromatic components corresponds to a ratio of pitch fractions α: β: γ = 1: 2: 2. This is typical of coal pitch with a softening temperature of 75–85°C. Such pitch is the best clinkering additive to coking batch, resulting in the production of coke of maximum strength.     

高硫焦煤在配煤中的应用

通过研究高硫焦煤的理化性质,在配合煤中配入一定比例的廉价高硫焦煤,焦炭质量得到改善,主焦煤的使用比例减少,入炉煤成本大幅降低.