装煤堆密度对焦炭质量的影响

采用同一配煤比和不同的装煤堆密度煤样进行炼焦试验，得出焦炭的耐磨强度、抗碎强度、显气孔率、焦炭的反应性、反应后强度与装煤堆密度的关系。     

炼焦方式和熄焦方式对焦炭质量的影响

在昆明焦化公司不同焦炉上进行了炼焦和熄焦试验,比较了不同熄焦方式下顶装炼焦与捣固炼焦的焦炭质量,同时对不同炼焦方式下的干法熄焦与湿法熄焦的焦炭质量进行了对比,结果表明,从改善焦炭冷态强度、热性能指标的效果看,其顺序为:顶装湿熄<捣固湿熄<顶装干熄<捣固干熄,捣固干熄工艺焦炭质量提升明显,M40可提高3.5%⁹.3%,反应性CRI可改善0.2%9.3%,反应性CRI可改善0.2%¹.7%,反应后强度CSR可提高0.8%1.7%,反应后强度CSR可提高0.8%².3%。     

干湿法熄焦对焦炭质量影响的分析与研究

在配煤比以及加热制度不变的条件下,对同一组焦炉生产的干法熄焦焦炭同一炉组焦炉的三个炭化室生产的湿法熄焦焦炭的机械强度、热态性能、光学组织以及微晶结构测试分析的基础上,研究干法熄焦、湿法熄焦对焦炭质量的影响。结果表明:干法熄焦工艺并没有改变焦炭的化学结构和组成,对焦炭的光学组织的影响较小;干法熄焦焦炭的粒度分布均匀,粒度均匀系数由湿熄焦时的1.68提高到干熄焦时的3.10;干法熄焦焦炭显微强度、机械强度以及热性能均有明显改善:显微强度提高1.25%,结构强度改善0.9%,反应性降低2.61%,反应后强度提高4.01%,有利于高炉操作及稳定顺行。     

影响捣固焦块度的研究

采用40kg试验焦炉对影响焦炭块度的煤质和主要工艺参数进行试验研究。研究表明，单种煤和配合煤所得焦炭块度关联性指标主要有煤的挥发分、收缩度指标和对应焦炭抗碎强度M40。降低配合煤挥发分和收缩度有利于提高焦炭块度，M40与焦炭平均块度相关性较高。提高装煤堆密度会显著降低焦炭块度，堆密度高是导致捣固焦块度比顶装焦小的主要原因之一。炼焦加热制度对焦炭块度也有较大影响，其中单纯延长结焦后期焖炉时间对焦炭平均块度有反作用，只有真正减缓炼焦速率才可提升焦炭平均块度。     

装煤堆密度和细度对焦炭质量的影响研究

根据40 kg试验焦炉炼焦结果,探讨配合煤堆密度和细度对焦炭质量的影响。试验结果表明,随着配合煤细度的降低,堆密度增加,焦炭的机械强度和反应后强度有所改善,但反应后强度提高到一定程度不会再发生变化。     

配合煤粉碎细度对焦炭质量、产量的影响

研究了配合煤细度对配合煤堆密度、焦炭机械强度、热强度及焦炭产量的影响,用来指导实际生产;在一定条件下,按照实际使用的配比,进行不同细度下配合煤40kg小焦炉结焦性试验,寻找配合煤细度与焦炭质量、产量的对应关系。     

熄焦方式对焦炭热态性能的影响

熄焦方式直接影响着焦炭的冷态强度,干法熄焦与湿法熄焦相比,干熄焦的M40和M10分别比湿熄焦提高2%和0.8%。但熄焦方式对焦炭热态性能的影响,主要对焦炭反应性和反应后强度指标的影响研究不多。济钢焦化厂的技术人员利用现有的生产和试验设备,在配比和其他炼焦条件相同的条件下,     

炼焦工艺条件对焦炭反应性和反应后强度的影响

通过40 kg焦炉炼焦实验,研究了加热速率、焦饼终温、焖炉时间、入炉煤堆密度及入炉煤细度等对焦炭的CRI(焦炭反应性)、CSR(反应后强度)的影响。结果表明:为保证焦炭成熟和获得较低的CRI值,较高的CSR值,焦饼终温应控制在1000～1050℃范围内。炼焦时焖炉时间应控制在3 h以上。提高入炉煤堆密度,可显著改善焦炭的热性质。入炉煤细度控制在90%左右时,CRI、CSR值较佳。提高加热速率,特别是粘结阶段的升温速率,有利于改善焦炭的热性质。     

单种煤细度对焦炭热强度的影响

通过对单种煤细度进行预处理,利用70kg焦炉及配套干熄炉进行试验,在保证焦炭热强度的前提下,确定了预粉碎的煤种及最佳细度范围,研究表明,随着细度的增加,不同细度的瘦煤和气煤对焦炭热强度的影响不同,控制出料细度在60%左右时,配合煤堆密度增大,有利于提高焦炭产量及质量。     

配入低阶煤炼焦对焦炭性能影响的研究

选用焦煤、1/3焦煤、肥煤、瘦煤、长焰煤进行配煤,堆密度为0.7g/cm3和1.0g/cm3,采用2kg焦炉炼焦,对焦炭的冷态强度和热态性能分析检测,探讨了堆密度及低阶煤加入量对焦炭性能的影响,结果表明,配入低阶煤后,焦炭的冷态强度及热态性能变差,配比小于5%时,影响较小,适当提高原料煤堆密度,焦炭的冷态强度及热态性能得到改善。     

影响焦炭质量的因素分析

焦炭的质量主要取决于配合煤性质和工艺条件。配合煤的性质主要是结焦性、煤的粘结性对焦炭强度的影响较大;炼焦煤的性质影响焦炭的灰分、硫分等化学组成,影响焦炭强度。炼焦的工艺条件是水分、灰分、细度、堆密度等;结焦时间影响焦炭冷态、热态性能和显微特性。     

不同配煤比和堆密度对焦炭界面结合强度影响的实验研究

采用4种常规炼焦煤,在不同配比及堆密度下进行配煤炼焦实验,利用不同测试手段,对所得焦炭界面结合强度进行研究。实验结果表明:配煤炼焦过程中,当堆密度不变时,随着配煤中黏结性组分含量的提高,焦炭界面结合强度有增加的趋势;当肥煤和焦煤分别与瘦煤和气煤配合炼焦配比不变时,随着堆密度的提高,焦炭界面结合强度有增加的趋势;当堆密度为0.95 g/cm3、焦煤与气煤按4:6配煤炼焦时,所得焦炭界面结合强度BSSI达到最高值76.36%。     

气膜熄焦在焦化生产中的应用

针对新疆炼焦煤焦炭热态性能较差的现状,开展了气膜熄焦试验,在降低5％主焦煤用量的情况下．仍能保证焦炭的冷热强度。使用气膜熄焦后还可降低焦炭含水量．减少蒸汽排放及改善环境。     

The mechanism of coking pressure generation I: Effect of high volatile matter coking coal, semi-anthracite and coke breeze on coking pressure and plastic coal layer permeability

One of the most important aspects of the cokemaking process is to control and restrain the coking pressure since excessive coking pressure tends to lead to operational problems and oven wall damage. Therefore, in order to understand the mechanism of coking pressure generation, the permeability of the plastic coal layer and the coking pressure for the same single coal and the same blended coal were measured and the relationship between them was investigated. Then the ‘inert’ (pressure modifier) effect of organic additives such as high volatile matter coking coal, semi-anthracite and coke breeze was studied. The coking pressure peak for box charging with more uniform bulk density distribution was higher than that for top charging. It was found that the coking pressure peaks measured at different institutions (NSC and BHPBilliton) by box charging are nearly the same. The addition of high volatile matter coking coal, semi-anthracite and coke breeze to a low volatile matter, high coking pressure coal greatly increased the plastic layer permeability in laboratory experiments and correspondingly decreased the coking pressure. It was found that, high volatile matter coking coal decreases the coking pressure more than semi-anthracite at the same plastic coal layer permeability, which indicates that the coking pressure depends not only on plastic coal layer permeability but also on other factors. Coking pressure is also affected by the contraction behavior of the coke layer near the oven walls and a large contraction decreases the coal bulk density in the oven center and hence the internal gas pressure in the plastic layer. The effect of contraction on coking pressure needs to be investigated further.     

Feedstock recycling of plastic wastes/oil mixtures in cokemaking

Two lubricating oils, a plastic waste composed mainly of polyolefins (95%) and their mixtures (1:1 w/w) were assessed for possible use as minor components of coal blends for metallurgical coke production. The addition of 2 wt% plastic waste causes a decrease in the maximum fluidity of the coal developed during thermal heating between 400 and 500 °C. At the same addition rate, the two oils are good additives for mixing with coal/plastic blends in order to partially restore the caking ability of the co-carbonizing systems. Co-carbonizations of the coking blend with the different wastes were carried out in a movable wall oven of 15 kg capacity. Although the bulk density remained unchanged, the addition of the plastic waste produced an increase in coking pressure to values that were too high for it to be considered as a safe blend. At the same time the mechanical strength of the partially gasified coke was improved as reflected by the CSR index. The oils, however, had the effect of reducing bulk density and the coking pressure generated during the process. When blended with the coal and the plastics, the oils appeared to act as good solvents of the polyolefins and also proved to be effective in decreasing coking pressure without negatively affecting coke quality.     

入炉煤水分对炼焦过程及焦炭质量的影响

通过测定入炉煤水分分别为1%、6%和12%时煤料堆密度、升温速度及坩埚焦性质,得出入炉煤水分对其性质的影响。降低入炉煤水分虽然对煤料本身性质影响不大,但是其在炭化室内结焦过程的动态发生了显著变化,可显著提高焦炉生产能力及改善焦炭质量。入炉煤水分为1%时,煤料堆密度、升温速度及坩埚焦的性质都大大好于入炉煤水分为6%和12%这两种情况。     

石油焦配煤炼焦试验研究

通过对石油焦的特性研究及配煤炼焦试验,考察其对配煤黏结性能及焦炭质量的影响,研究结果表明,添加石油焦会引起煤的黏结指数下降,加入石油焦配煤炼焦会降低焦炭灰分,提高焦炭硫分,降低焦炭冷强度,提高焦炭热强度。     

不同煤阶煤焦炭显微结构与热性质的研究

采用模拟焦炭反应性和反应后强度,研究了不同变质程度单种煤焦炭显微结构与热性质之间的关系。中等变质阶段的焦煤、肥煤和瘦煤所制焦炭有较高的各向异性,低变质程度的气煤、1/3焦煤以及高变质程度的贫煤所制焦炭各向异性程度较低。焦炭的热性质与焦炭的各向异性有很好的相关性,焦炭反应性随各向异性程度的增大而减小,反应后强度则随各向异性的增大而增大。