GFRP层合板在湿热环境和碱性腐蚀介质中的老化行为

研究了玻璃纤维增强环氧乙烯基酯树脂基复合材料(GFRP层合板)在湿热和碱性腐蚀介质中的老化行为,测试了不同老化时间后材料的吸湿率和抗弯强度,通过扫描电子显微镜观察了复合材料的表面、纤维和弯曲断口形貌在不同老化时间下的变化,并且通过红外光谱和热重分析仪分析了复合材料在介质老化中的化学变化和初始分解温度的变化。结果表明:在湿热环境和碱性腐蚀介质中,复合材料吸湿率均随老化时间延长而增大,纤维/基体界面结合紧密度随吸湿率的增加而下降,碱溶液下的吸湿率高于湿热条件下的吸湿率;树脂基体的水解、玻璃纤维的腐蚀降解、纤维/基体脱黏、树脂大分子链间结合力的破坏和树脂交联密度的降低是材料性能下降的主要原因。     

改性黄麻纤维增强聚氨酯硬泡性能的研究

采用碱处理工艺对黄麻纤维进行了表面改性,提高了纤维对基体树脂的浸润性,改善了纤维与树脂基体的界面粘结。研制了一种新型的黄麻纤维增强硬质聚氨酯结构泡沫材料。测试结果发现,碱处理后纤维表面出现沟槽和裂纹,拔出的单丝纤维表面包覆有聚氨酯基体,纤维与基体结合紧密。压缩性能实验结果表明,添加改性纤维的复合材料,其压缩强度明显提高,当纤维质量分数为3.0%时,复合材料的压缩强度达到最大值(8.01 MPa);纤维质量分数为3.0%、长度为3 mm的短切纤维的增强效果较好;随着纤维含量和长度的增加,复合材料的压缩模量亦随之增大。     

连续碳纤维增强PPBES基复合材料的力学性能

以共聚型二氮杂萘联苯结构聚醚砜(PPBES)树脂为基体、连续碳纤维(CF)为增强体,通过溶液预浸、热压成型工艺制备单向复合材料.通过对树脂溶液黏度、复合材料纤维体积含量测试,复合材料样条三点弯曲、层间剪切试验,研究了纤维体积含量对复合材料力学性能的影响,并借助SEM断面形貌分析了复合材料受力破坏模式.结果表明:CF/PPBES复合材料的弯曲强度随纤维体积含量的增加呈现先增大后减小的趋势,极值出现在CF体积分数60％时;弯曲模量和层间剪切强度随纤维体积含量的增加呈现逐渐增大的趋势;复合材料受力破坏模式以树脂基体内部破坏为主.     

CEg基体及其纤维缠绕复合材料耐热性能研究

针对纤维缠绕的特点，对氰酸酯（CE）树脂进行了改性（改性后的氰酸酯树脂称为CEg基体），改性的目的是不仅使CE树脂适合纤维缠绕工艺，而且不降低纯CE树脂及其复合材料的耐热性能。通过实验摸索出适合纤维缠绕工艺的CEg基体配方及其工艺参数、固化参数。用SEM（扫描电镜）研究了T700／CE以及T700／CEg复合材料的剪切断口形貌；用TG／DTA研究了氰酸酯树脂改性前、后的复合材料热分解温度；用DSC研究了CE和CEg基体的玻璃化温度。研究结果表明：CEg基体最显著的特点是不仅使纤维缠绕工艺和固化工艺简单易行，而且不降低纯氰酸酯树脂及其复合材料的耐热性能。改性后的氰酸酯树脂可以充分发挥氰酸酯树脂的耐高温优势，这是本研究的特点，达到了预期的效果。     

碳纳米管定向排列增强碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料制备及力学性能

采用高频电场诱导法制备了碳纳米管定向有序填充的碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料。研究了电场频率对复合材料力学性能的影响规律,对复合材料的显微形貌进行观察。结果表明:在富树脂区碳纳米管沿着电场方向存在明显的有序排列现象;高频电场诱导后复合材料的层间剪切强度最大提高28.9%,压缩强度提高28.83%,弯曲强度提升15.01%,断口粗糙度增加,树脂与碳纤维的界面结合状态改善。     

紫外光照射对新型双马来酰亚胺基复合材料性能的影响

利用紫外灯对T700碳纤维增强双马来酰亚胺基复合材料(T700/5429)进行了90 d的紫外光照射,采用扫描电子显微镜、万能试验机、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪及动态热机械分析仪分析了紫外光照射前后复合材料的表面形貌、弯曲断面形貌、特征基团透射峰面积及力学性能的变化情况。结果表明,经90 d的紫外光照射后,T700/5429表面纤维出现裸露,树脂基体有脱落的现象;而复合材料的面内压缩强度和弯曲强度保持较好。透射峰面积的变化、纤维裸露及玻璃化转变温度的降低表明了90 d紫外光照射会使双马来酰亚胺树脂基体的酰亚胺环裂解。     

玻璃纤维增强环氧乙烯基酯树脂基复合材料的热老化性能

对玻璃纤维增强环氧乙烯基酯树脂基复合材料进行了高温老化试验,分析了随着老化时间的延长,材料的表面形貌、巴氏硬度及力学性能的演变规律,同时采用傅立叶变换红外光谱、X射线光电子能谱和扫描电子显微镜对老化前后复合材料的化学结构、表面元素含量及老化前后材料拉伸断面形貌变化进行了分析。结果表明,随着老化时间的增加,材料表面颜色不断加深,并出现龟裂和翘曲变形以及纤维凸出在表面;巴氏硬度保留率随着老化时间的延长呈现先增大后减小的趋势,在老化28 d时,巴氏硬度保留率下降4.3%;试样的拉伸强度保留率和弯曲强度保留率随着老化时间的延长,呈现先增大后缓慢降低的趋势,在老化28 d时分别下降6.14%和9.23%;试样在老化过程中没有新的物质生成,但其化学元素含量发生了变化,说明了复合材料发生了化学反应,其化学结构发生了变化;试样表面树脂脱落面积和空隙量逐渐增多;经过高温老化后的试样拉伸断裂后,整体断面形貌不规则,并且随着老化时间的增加,树脂含量逐渐减少。     

偶联剂处理对PTFE/纳米TiC复合材料性能的影响

对纳米碳化钛(TiC)填充的聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)复合材料进行力学与摩擦学性能测试,研究纳米TiC质量分数、偶联剂处理对PTFE复合材料力学和摩擦磨损性能的影响,用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对拉伸断口形貌进行观察,探讨复合材料增强机理.研究结果表明:纳米TiC的填充能提高PTFE复合材料的硬度、拉伸强度和耐磨性,但其冲击强度和减摩性能有所下降;偶联剂处理纳米TiC后,复合材料的拉伸强度、冲击强度、减摩性能有所提高.拉伸断口的微观分析表明:偶联剂处理纳米TiC在PTFE基体中有较好的分散性,与基体界面结合较好.     

热处理对EP/CF及EP/CF/GF复合材料力学性能的影响

采用真空辅助树脂转移模塑（VARTM）技术制备了环氧树脂/碳纤维（EP/CF）和环氧树脂/碳纤维/玻璃纤维毡（EP/CF/GF）复合材料。测试了两种纤维铺层方式中树脂流动距离的平方与流动时间的关系,对两种铺层纤维体系的渗透率进行了研究对比;将两种复合材料进行高温处理,并且对其高温处理前后的力学性能进行分析;利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）观察了复合材料的拉伸断口形貌。结果表明,EP/CF/GF中GF毡的松散结构使树脂更易流动;高温热处理造成了EP/CF弹性模量和拉伸应变的降低,其中弹性模量降低了9.97 %、拉伸应变降低了11.36 %,但对EP/CF/GF的影响较小;GF毡的加入造成了2种复合材料弯曲性能的下降;未经处理的复合材料断口表面光滑,而热处理后的复合材料断口表面粗糙且有大量基体附着。     

碳纤维增强环氧树脂复合材料的液体成型及其性能研究

本文研究了不同温度下RIM145树脂的粘度和适用期,分析了不同温度下RIM145树脂和碳纤维单丝之间的浸润性;并以碳纤维单向布为增强材料,采用真空辅助灌注成型工艺制备了碳纤维增强环氧树脂(CF/EP)复合材料,研究了复合材料的力学性能,对层间剪切试样剖断面形貌进行了SEM分析,并研究了使用VAP单向透气膜辅助真空灌注成型工艺对CF/EP复合材料厚制件灌注质量的影响。研究结果表明,RIM145树脂基体在50~70℃粘度低、适用期长且树脂与碳纤维单丝之间的浸润性良好,适用于CF/EP复合材料的真空辅助灌注成型工艺;灌注的CF/EP具有良好的力学性能,树脂和纤维具有中等粘结强度界面,采用VAP单向透气膜辅助真空辅助灌注成型工艺可降低CF/EP复合材料的孔隙率。     

碳纤维布/玻纤布增强聚氨酯复合材料的研究

以聚氨酯为基体树脂,分别以碳纤维布、玻璃纤维布和这两种纤维布交替铺叠作为增强材料,采用真空辅助灌注成型工艺制备了4种复合材料.考察了纤维布的铺层结构对复合材料的弯曲、拉伸和冲击性能的影响.结果显示,复合材料的拉伸模量和弯曲模量随碳纤维含量增加而增加,冲击强度则降低.分别采用TGA、DMA和SEM对复合材料的热性能、界面...     

环氧树脂/短切碳纤维复合材料性能研究

制备出了短切碳纤维增强TDE-85环氧树脂复合材料,研究了碳纤维的含量对复合材料力学性能和耐热性能的影响。结果表明,碳纤维的加入有利于复合材料力学性能和耐热性能的提高,并在碳纤维含量为0.25%时,复合材料的拉伸强度、冲击韧性、弯曲强度和弯曲模量达到最大,分别提高了29.33%、25.31%、30.28%和68.93%。此外,对复合材料的弯曲断裂面进行了微观形貌分析,结果表明一定量的碳纤维可以较好地分散在树脂基体中,同时,碳纤维原丝和树脂基体的界面结合比较弱,主要依赖于两相之间的物理嵌合。     

纳米TiO2对环氧树脂及碳纤维增强复合材料力学性能的影响

利用超声波技术将纳米TiO2在环氧树脂中进行分散,考察了纳米TiO2含量对环氧树脂及碳纤维/环氧复合材料力学性能的影响。研究表明,纳米TiO2可对环氧树脂固化物同时起到增韧增强的作用,冲击断口形貌显示为典型的韧性断裂。同时纳米粒子的加入可改善碳纤维和树脂基体的界面粘结性能,提高复合材料的层间剪切强度。     

Effects of novolac resin modification on mechanical properties of carbon fiber/epoxy composites

The epoxy resin matrix of carbon fiber (CF)‐reinforced epoxy composites was modified with novolac resin (NR) to improve the matrix‐dominated mechanical properties of composites. Flexural strength, interlaminar shear strength (ILSS), and impact strength were measured with unfilled, 7 wt% NR, 13 wt% NR, and 18 wt% NR filled to epoxy to identify the effect of adding NR on the mechanical properties of composites. The results showed that both interfacial and impact properties of composites were improved except for flexural property. The largest improvement in ILSS and impact strength were obtained with 13 wt% loading of NR. ILSS and impact strength were improved by 7.3% and 38.6%, respectively, compared with the composite without NR. The fracture and surface morphologies of the composite specimens were characterized by scanning electron microscopy. Intimate bonding of the fibers and the matrix was evident with the content of 7–13 wt% NR range. Decrease of crosslinking density and formation of NR transition layer were deduced with adding NR. POLYM. COMPOS., 2011. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers     

长玻璃纤维增强热塑性复合材料研究

分别制备了长玻璃纤维(LGF)、短玻璃纤维(SGF)增强聚苯硫醚(PPS)、聚酰胺(PA)6复合材料,研究了基体树脂粘度、口模类型、GF类型及喂料速度对复合材料力学性能、热性能的影响,利用扫描电子显微镜观察了注塑试样断面形貌及LGF在树脂基体中的分布状态.结果表明,基体树脂的粘度越大,对复合材料的力学性能影响越大;在相同GF含量下,LGF增强PPS、PA6复合材料的热变形温度普遍高于SGF增强PPS、PA6复合材料;LGF增强复合材料抵御裂纹开裂的能力提高.     

Mechanical performance of vinyl ester—polyurethane interpenetrating polymer network composites

In this study, a carbon fiber/vinyl ester-polyurethane interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) laminate composite was fabricated and characterized for the first time. The IPN matrix, consisting of a commercially available vinyl ester and polyurethane, was synthesized via a sequential method with vinyl ester as the rigid phase and polyurethane as the flexible phase. Good compatibility between the two phases in the matrix was achieved and confirmed via differential scanning calorimetry and dynamic mechanical analysis. The thermomechanical response of the IPN matrix was compared with that of an unmodified vinyl ester resin. The presence of the more ductile polyurethane in the IPN matrix depressed the glass transition temperature (from 94 to 84°C), but also served to improve damping response at all frequencies studied. Tensile and flexural tests were performed on the carbon fiber/IPN and carbon fiber/vinyl ester composites to determine their mechanical response. The IPN composite exhibited lower tensile properties than the vinyl ester composite. However, its flexural properties were on par with those of the vinyl ester composite.     

Effect of various methods of pre-treatment of carbon fibers on the mechanical properties of PIP-based ceramics/carbon composites

The purpose of the work was to determine the conditions of CF preparation to obtain carbide composites with favorable mechanical response. The relationships between the interfacial properties of fiber/polymethylsiloxane composite, and mechanical properties of the resulting fiber/carbide composites were investigated. The CF/resin interfacial strength was modified by oxidation of CF surface with nitric acid, silanization, and depositing CNT or a pyrolytic carbon layer (PyC). The study of composite interphases (ILSS and SEM) and surface tests of the modified CF (XPS, FT-IR, wettability measurements) showed different nature of the bonding occurring at the fiber/resin and fiber/ceramics boundary. The CF silanization significantly improved the ILSS between CFs and resin by 38.5%, while reduced flexural properties of carbide composites. The most promising treatment method of CF for PIP-based ceramic composites was modification with PyC, which provided 2 times higher ILSS, 1.5 times higher flexural strength and improved work to fracture (WF) as compared to unmodified CF.     

Influence of Fiber Surface Modification on the Mechanical Performance of Isora-Polyester Composites

This paper reports the effect of chemical treatment on the mechanical properties of a natural fiber, isora, as reinforcement in unsaturated polyester resin. Isora fiber is separated from the bark of the Helicteres isora plant by a retting process. The short isora fiber surface was modified chemically by acetylation, benzoylation, silane and triton treatments to bring about improved interfacial interaction between the fiber and the polyester matrix. The modified surfaces were characterized by IR spectroscopy and SEM. The SEM studies were carried out to investigate the fiber surface morphology, fiber pull-out and fiber-polyester interface bonding. They showed the changes occuring on the fiber surface during chemical treatment. Properties like tensile strength, flexural strength and impact strength have been studied. The chemical modification of fiber improved fiber/matrix interaction as evidenced by the enhanced tensile and flexural properties. The lower impact properties of the composites, except triton-treated fiber composite, further point to the improved fiber/matrix adhesion, compared to the untreated fiber composites.     

High-performance composite from epoxy and glass fibers: Morphology,mechanical, dynamic mechanical,and thermal analysis

Diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A type epoxy resin cured with diamino diphenyl sulfone was used as the matrix for fiber-reinforced composites to get improved mechanical and thermal properties for the resulting composites. E-glass fiber was used for fiber reinforcement. The morphology, tensile, flexural, impact, dynamic mechanical, and thermal properties of the composites were analyzed. The tensile, flexural, and impact properties showed dramatic improvement with the addition of glass fibers. Dynamic mechanical analysis was performed to obtain the T_g of the cured matrix as well as the composites. The improved thermal stability of the composites was clear from the thermogravimetric analysis. Scanning electron micrographs were taken to understand the interfacial adhesion between the fiber and the matrix. The values of mechanical properties were compared with modified epoxy resin composite system. Predictive models were applied using various equations to compare the mechanical data obtained theoretically and experimentally. POLYM. COMPOS., 2009. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers