SiC陶瓷及其复合材料连接的研究进展

SiC陶瓷及其复合材料（SiCf／SiC、Cf／SiC）由于具有优良的高温强度、耐磨和抗腐蚀的性能而被广泛关注，而SiC陶瓷及其复合材料的连接是获得这一性能的关键技术之一。综述了SiC陶瓷及其复合材料连接的一般方法和连接技术，同时指出了连接技术的发展趋势。     

用有机聚合物连接碳化硅陶瓷及陶瓷基复合材料

用陶瓷先驱体有机聚合物连接陶瓷及陶瓷基复合材料是一种成本低廉、工艺新颖、可满足特殊高温条件下连接件要求的新型连接技术。介绍了近年来采用先驱体有机聚合物连接SiC及其复合材料的研究现状，重点对影响连接强度的因素进行分析，并提出相应的改进措施。由于该技术具有连接温度较低、连接过程简单、接头热应力小，连接件的热稳定性高等特点，因此它是陶瓷及其复合材料最有前途的连接方法之一。     

高温热结构复合材料的连接技术

综述了高温热结构复合材料之间的连接技术.主要包括C/C复合材料之间采用热压炭素、反应生成SiC的连接;C/SiC复合材料的液相硅渗透连接;SiC基复合材料的钎焊连接;SiC/SiC复合材料与钨板的扩散连接等.并简介了高温热结构复合材料连接在航天及核工业上的应用.     

硅树脂高温转化陶瓷结合层连接陶瓷材料

由硅树脂作为先驱体,在高温(800～1400℃)转化陶瓷结合层对石墨、SiC陶瓷及3D(dimension)-Cf(carbon fiber)／SiC复合材料进行了连接实验,着重探讨了硅树脂固化裂解过程、裂解温度、保温时问及升温速率对连接性能的影响。研究表明;硅树脂的交联固化主要是通过消耗Si-OH来完成。对于石墨、SiC的连接,1200℃是较佳的处理温度,而对于Cf／SiC则最佳的处理温度为1400℃。随着保温时间由1h延长到5h,SiC陶瓷连接强度得到提高,但对复合材料的连接不利。低升温速率(2℃／min)时的连接强度比10℃/min时的高很多。     

传统陶瓷工艺制备玻璃陶瓷/SiC晶须复合材料

针对传统陶瓷工艺难以直接用于制备玻璃陶瓷/SiC晶须复合材料问题,本文以白云鄂博尾矿基透辉石系玻璃粉和商用SiC晶须为主要原料,在石墨粉包埋条件下,采用传统陶瓷工艺成功制备出透辉石玻璃陶瓷/SiC晶须复合材料.在此基础上,研究了填加0～40wt％SiC晶须对所制备复合样品显微结构及性能的影响.结果证明了所制备复合材料样...     

纳米SiC-Al_2O_3/TiC多相陶瓷复合材料显微结构的研究

考察了纳米SiC -Al2 O3/TiC多相陶瓷复合材料的断裂方式 .由于纳米SiC的加入 ,材料以穿晶断裂为主 .通过透射电镜观察 ,研究了纳米陶瓷复合材料中纳米SiC的分布 ,证明所制备的材料主要为晶内型纳米复合陶瓷 .在纳米SiC -Al2 O3/TiC多相陶瓷复合材料中 ,少量纳米SiC位于基体晶粒间 ,大多数纳米SiC位于基体晶粒内 ,而且纳米SiC的加入细化了基体的晶粒 .通过高分辨透射电镜观察 ,研究了纳米SiC -Al2 O3/TiC多相陶瓷复合材料中 ,纳米SiC与基体间界面结合状态 ,发现在两颗粒间的晶界几乎没有玻璃相 ,证明纳米陶瓷复合材料中晶界得到了加强 ,有利于材料力学性能的提高 .另外研究了裂纹在材料中的扩展行为 ,结果表明 ,纳米粒子对裂纹的扩展起到偏折和钉扎作用     

国产连续碳化硅纤维的进展及应用

介绍了国产连续碳化硅（SiC）纤维的研究进展及国外连续碳化硅纤维产品的主要应用,展望了国内连续SiC纤维及其产品的发展趋势.表明SiC纤维具有高比强度、高比模量、耐高温、抗氧化、抗蠕变、耐化学腐蚀、耐盐雾和优良的电磁吸收特性,是耐高温陶瓷基复合材料的关键材料.     

β″氧化铝与铝及铝基复合材料场致扩散连接机理的研究

以β″氧化铝(β″-Al2O3)与L2及铝基复合材料[SiC(p)/Al]为试验对象,采用SEM,EDX和XRD等手段分析了电解质陶瓷与金属基复合材料在场致扩散连接(field_assis ted diffusion bonding)条件下的接合机理及工艺特征.研究认为, 在实验条件下电解质陶瓷与金属或金属基复合材料的连接性较好;连接区为金属-过渡区-氧化铝结构模型, 电场作用下的离子导电及扩散是过渡层形成的基本条件;过渡区的氧化物形成及化合反应接合机制是形成连接的主要原因;电压、温度及材料的离子导电性是影响连接过程的主要因素.     

碳纤维增强Si-C-N陶瓷基复合材料的氧化行为

采用化学气相浸渗(chemical vapor infiltration,CVI)法制备了以热解碳为界面的碳纤维增强碳氮化硅陶瓷基(carbon fiber reinforced siliconcarbonitride ceramic,C/Si-C-N)复合材料.用热重法研究了无涂层C/Si-C-N在空气环境中的氧化行为.研究表明:由950℃ CVI沉积的Si-C-N基体所制备的C/Si-C-N复合材料的氧化行为与碳纤维增强SiC陶瓷基(carbon fiber reinforced silicon carbide ceramic,C/SiC)复合材料的完全不同.在600～1 200℃,C/Si-C-N的氧化速率随温度的升高而持续增加,其抗氧化能力在600℃明显高于C/SiC复合材料;在900℃,抗氧化能力与C/SiC复合材料基本相当;在1 200℃,抗氧化能力则低于C/SiC复合材料.C/Si-C-N复合材料所表现出来的氧化行为主要与Si-C-N基体较低的热膨胀系数有关.     

多孔SiC陶瓷的制备与应用

多孔SiC陶瓷具有高温强度高、抗氧化、耐磨蚀、抗热震、较高的热导率及微波吸收能力等特点,在过滤材料、复合材料骨架、催化剂载体和吸声材料方面应用广泛。本文从产业化及应用的视角,综述多孔SiC陶瓷的多种制备技术及工艺特点,介绍多孔SiC陶瓷的应用情况,展望其发展方向并提出技术发展建议。     

SiC/SiC复合材料及其应用

日本开发的Nicalon和Tyranno两种品牌的SiC纤维占有世界上绝对性的市场份额。SiC/SiC复合材料典型的界面层是500 nm厚的单层热解碳(PyC)涂层或多层(PyC-SiC)n涂层,在湿度燃烧环境及中高温条件下界面层的稳定性是应用研究的重点。SiC/SiC复合材料,包括CVI-SiC基体和日本开发的Tyranno hex和NITE-SiC基体等,具有耐高温、耐氧化性和耐辐射性的特点,在航空涡轮发动机部件、航天热结构部件及核聚变反应堆炉第一壁材料等方面正开展工程研制应用。     

Pressure‐less joining of C/SiC and SiC/SiC by a MoSi2/Si composite

A MoSi₂/Si composite obtained in situ by reaction of silicon and molybdenum at 1450°C in Ar flow is proposed as pressure‐less joining material for C/SiC and SiC/SiC composites. A new “Mo‐wrap” technique was developed to form the joining material and to control silicon infiltration in porous composites. MoSi₂/Si composite joining material infiltration inside coated and uncoated C/SiC and SiC/SiC composites, as well as its microstructure and interfacial reactions were studied. Preliminary mechanical strength of joints was tested at room temperature and after aging at service temperatures, resulting in interlaminar failure of the composites in most cases.     

Polymer-derived SiC ceramic aerogels with in-situ growth of SiC nanowires

Herein, the SiC ceramic aerogels with in-situ growth of SiC nanowires (SiC_w/SiC CAs) have been synthesized by polymer‐derived ceramics (PDCs) method. The morphology, microstructure, and phase composition of the as-prepared samples were systematically investigated through SEM, XRD, TEM, Raman spectrum, FT-IR spectrum, and XPS spectrum techniques. The results showed that the as-obtained SiC_w has a diameter of about 80 nm and a length of 1–3.5 μm. In addition, the formation mechanism and evolution process of growth SiC_w were systematically studied using a VLS growth mechanisms. The way in this work could be expanded to synthesize other Si-based porous ceramic aerogel nanostructed with nanowires.     

Effect of SiC nanoparticles on in-situ synthesis of SiC whiskers in corundum–mullite–SiC composites obtained by carbothermal reduction

Corundum–mullite–SiC composites were synthesised using a carbothermal reduction method. The effects of SiC nanoparticles and sintering temperatures on the phase transformation of the composites and the synthesis of SiC whiskers were studied by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Results indicated that corundum, mullite, and SiC whiskers were produced as final products at 1600–1650 °C. SiC whiskers were formed through the vapor–solid mechanism. The added SiC nanoparticles worked as nucleating agents to facilitate the carbothermal reduction of aluminosilicates and formation of SiC whiskers. The sample with the added SiC nanoparticles exhibited a high yield of β-SiC of 17.1%. Furthermore, the SiC nanoparticles decreased the formation temperature of SiC whiskers from the original 1600 °C to 1500 °C, and the porosity of the composites was increased from 56.7% to 64.7% by increasing the partial pressure of SiO gas. This study provides an insight into the more efficient synthesis of composites with SiC whiskers through the carbothermal reduction of aluminosilicates.     

Microstructure and tensile behavior of (BN/SiC)n coated SiC fibers and SiC/SiC minicomposites

Interphase plays an important role in the mechanical behavior of SiC/SiC ceramic-matrix composites (CMCs). In this paper, the microstructure and tensile behavior of multilayered (BN/SiC)_n coated SiC fiber and SiC/SiC minicomposites were investigated. The surface roughness of the original SiC fiber and SiC fiber deposited with multilayered (BN/SiC), (BN/SiC)₂, and (BN/SiC)₄ (BN/SiC)₈ interphase was analyzed through the scanning electronic microscope (SEM) and atomic force microscope (AFM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Monotonic tensile experiments were conducted for original SiC fiber, SiC fiber with different multilayered (BN/SiC)_n interfaces, and SiC/SiC minicomposites. Considering multiple damage mechanisms, e.g., matrix cracking, interface debonding, and fibers failure, a damage-based micromechanical constitutive model was developed to predict the tensile stress-strain response curves. Multiple damage parameters (e.g., matrix cracking stress, saturation matrix crack stress, tensile strength and failure strain, and composite’s tangent modulus) were used to characterize the tensile damage behavior in SiC/SiC minicomposites. Effects of multilayered interphase on the interface shear stress, fiber characteristic strength, tensile damage and fracture behavior, and strength distribution in SiC/SiC minicomposites were analyzed. The deposited multilayered (BN/SiC)_n interphase protected the SiC fiber and increased the interface shear stress, fiber characteristic strength, leading to the higher matrix cracking stress, saturation matrix cracking stress, tensile strength and fracture strain.     

SiC组分含量对SiC/Cu复合材料力学性能的影响

采用真空热压法制备了不同配比的SiC/Cu金属陶瓷复合材料.利用阿基米德原理测定了复合材料的密度及气孔率;利用Instron万能材料电子试验机测得其三点弯曲强度;采用Hv-1000显微硬度仪测试其显微硬度,采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对烧成样品的物相组成和断口显微形貌进行表征.结果表明:随着SiC组分含量的增加,SiC/Cu复合材料的致密度、抗弯强度均有所下降,而气孔率和显微硬度显著增加.在750 ℃,30 MPa压力作用下,保温3 min,制备得到的30SiC/70Cu(vol%)的复合材料,具有最优的力学性能,其显微硬度达到2087.2 MPa,抗弯强度为174.0 MPa.SiC/Cu复合材料的断裂行为既表现出一定的微观韧性特征,又表现出一定的脆性特征.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of hot-pressed SiC nanofiber reinforced SiC composites

This study reports on the preparation and mechanical properties of a novel SiC_nf/SiC composite. The single crystal SiC nanofiber(SiC_nf) reinforced SiC ceramic matrix composites (CMC) were successfully fabricated by hot pressing the mixture of β-SiC powders, SiC_nf and Al–B–C powder. The effects of SiC_nf mass fraction as well as the hot-pressing temperature on the microstructure and mechanical properties of SiC_nf/SiC CMC were systematically investigated. The results demonstrated that the 15 wt% SiC_nf/SiC CMC obtained by hot pressing (HP) at 1850 °C with 30 MPa for 60 min possessed the maximum flexural strength and fracture toughness of 678.2 MPa and 8.33 MPa m^1/2, respectively. The nanofibers pull out, nanofibers bridging and cracks deflection were found by scanning electron microscopy, which are believed can strengthen and toughen the SiC_nf/SiC CMC via consuming plenty of the fracture energy. Besides, although the relative density of the prepared SiC_nf/SiC CMC further increased with the sintering temperature rose to 1900 °C, the further coarsend composites grains results in the deterioration of the mechanical properties for the obtained composites compared to 1850 °C.     

Fabrication and Properties of Ti3SiC2/SiC Composites

Ti3SiC2/SiC composites were fabricated by reactive hot pressing method. Effects of hot pressing temperature, the content and particle size of SiC on phase composition, densification, mechanical properties and behavior of stress-strain of the composites were investigated. The results showed that ： （ 1 ） Hot-pressing temperature influenced the phase composition of Ti3SiC2/SiC composites. The flexural strength and fracture toughness of composites increased with hot pressing temperature. （2） It became more difficult for the composites to densify when the content of SiC in composites increased. It need be sintered at higher temperature to get denser composite. The flexural strength and fracture toughness of composites increased when the content of SiC added in composites increased. However, when the content of SiC reached 50 wt%, the flexural strength and fracture toughness of composites decreased due to high content of pore in composites. （3） When the content of SiC was same, Ti3SiC2/SiC composites were denser while the particle size of SiC added in composites is 12. 8 μm compared with the composites that the particle size of SiC added is 3 μm. The flexural strength and fracture toughness of composites increased with the increase of particle size of SiC added in composites. （4） Ti3SiC2/SiC composites were non-brittle fracture at room temperature.     

SiC窑具材料氧化动力学方程的研究

在硅微粉结合的SiC窑具材料中添加少量的铁矿渣矿化剂,使窑具在高温下形成一定量的液相,能使体积效应大的α-方石英转化成体积效应小的α-鳞石英,降低窑具的体积效应和提高热稳定性。同时形成的液相能使S i C表面形成一层致密的保护膜,堵塞气孔,隔离O2与SiC的接触,降低在界面上进行的氧化反应速度,以达到抗氧化的目的。实验结果表明:添加0.4%铁矿渣矿化剂的氧化度最小(G=6.1x10-5),确定0.4%为最佳的铁矿渣加入量。在1300℃下铁矿渣添加量分别为0和0.4wt%时的氧化动力学方程分别为:F(G1)=3.17×10-9,F(G2)=1.75×10-9     

锆石/SiC复合物的抗热震性

测试锆石/碳化硅(30%)复合试样的抗热震性需要在高于1 000℃的温度下进行,并与气孔率值几乎相同的纯锆石试样相比较.结果证实了淬火试样的断裂应力未受到合成SiC微粒对淬火温度升高的影响.另一方面,发现重要的温差△T在复合物中要高于纯锆石试样,低于它时材料保持其初始强度.X-射线衍射分析显示了复合试样表面层的锆石分解并生成了由内核和外壳组成的试样.