咳嗽变异性哮喘患者血清25(OH)VD3、IL-4联合呼出气一氧化氮的表达及临床意义

目的:探讨血清25(OH)VD3,IL-4,FENO的检测在咳嗽变异性哮喘中的诊断价值。方法:收集从2018年12月至2019年11月来自佳木斯大学附属第一医院呼吸内科门诊就诊并确诊的咳嗽变异性哮喘患者60例;对照组选取同一时间段健康体检者40例。分别测定血清25(OH)VD3,IL-4,FENO水平以及分别计算三者对CVA的诊断价值。结果:两组血清25(OH)VD3,IL-4,FENO水平有显著性差异(P0.05);血清25(OH)VD3诊断CVA的ROC曲线下面积为0.965(P0.001),截断值为22.665ng/ml时,25(OH)VD3诊断CVA的灵敏度和特异度为87.5%和93.3%;FENO诊断CVA的ROC曲线下面积为0.980(P0.001),截断值为35.5ppb时,FENO诊断CVA的灵敏度和特异度95.0%和97.5%;IL-4诊断CVA的曲线下面积为0.776(P0.001),截断值为435.80 ng/L,敏感度和特异性分别为90.0%和55.00%;结论:咳嗽变异性哮喘患者血清25(OH)VD3降低,IL-4,FENO水平增高,联合检测上述指标可有效提高CVA诊断。     

叠氮含能化合物生产废水关键组分含量测定研究

叠氮含能化合物废水用碱中和后,采用高效液相色谱法和分光光度法分别测定其中叠氮含能化合物DIANP、二甲亚砜(DMSO)、NaN3的含量。HPLC测定条件:YWG C18柱(150 mm×4.6 mm,10μm),以甲醇和水作为流动相,梯度洗脱,流速1 mL/min,检测波长230 nm。分光光度法测定条件:显色剂为FeCl3,pH 2～3时显色,检测波长460 nm。结果表明,DIANP回收率为97.8%～100.9%,RSD=1.2%(n=5),检出限为1.5 mg/L,标准曲线的线性回归系数r=0.997 7,线性范围为17～859 mg/L;DMSO回收率98.2%～101.9%,RSD=1.5%(n=5);NaN3回收率98.9%～100.5%,RSD=0.6%(n=5),检出限为1.5 mg/L,标准曲线的线性回归系数r=0.999 1,线性范围为5.7～57.0 mg/L,表观摩尔吸光系数901 L/(mol.cm)。该方法已经应用于实际生产线废水的检测和治理,效果良好。     

高效液相色谱法测定废水中泰乐菌素残留量

对废水中残留的泰乐菌素进行了检测。废水水样经ODS-SPE固相萃取柱分离净化后,采用高效液相色谱进行测定。以乙腈和0.5%磷酸溶液为流动相,在282 nm处对泰乐菌素进行紫外检测。该方法在0.2～5.0 g/L之间有良好的线性相关性,相关系数R2=0.999 3,回收率为95.4%～101%,相对标准偏差为3.4%～4.2%,方法检出限为0.088 7 mg/L。     

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定三种维生素B12片中钴的含量

目的：采用空气-乙炔火焰原子吸收光谱法测定维生素B₁₂片中钴的含量。方法：检测波长为240.63 nm,灯电流为4.0 mA,狭缝宽度为0.2 nm,燃气流量为1.3 L/min,助燃气流量为13.5 L/min,采用标准曲线法测定并对比三种维生素B₁₂片中钴的含量。结果：钴浓度在0.01～0.20 mg/L时与吸光度的线性关系良好(r=0.999 4),加样回收率在97.5%～98.3%。3个批次样品的钴含量在标示量的97.8%～98.9%。结论：所用方法操作简便、结果准确并且干扰较少、具有稳定性,可用于维生素B12片钴含量测定及质量控制。     

高效液相色谱法快速测定维生素K_2

建立了快速测定维生素K2的高效液相色谱分析方法。采用Waters公司的Waters Spherisorb RS5 CN（4.6×250 mm）分析柱,SP100型液相色谱仪系统,紫外检测器,V（正己烷）∶V（异丙醇）=99.96∶0.04为流动相,流速为1.5 mL/min,柱温为25℃,检测波长为254 nm。维生素K2的线性范围为20～200 mg/L,r2均大于0.999;加标回收率为98.86%～100.2%;日内精密度小于7.7%,日间精密度小于9.0%。本方法快速、简便、准确、灵敏度高,适用于维生素K2的定量研究。     

反相高效液相色谱法测定化妆品中的3-O-乙基维生素

采用反相高效液相色谱法测定化妆品中的3-O-乙基维生素C,色谱条件:SH IMADZU Sh im-pack VP-C18ODS(150 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)色谱柱;C18ODS保护柱芯;流动相V(甲醇)∶V(0.025 mol/L KH2PO4)=20∶80;流速:1.0 mL/m in;柱温:30℃;紫外检测器检测,检测池温度:40℃,波长:254 nm。结果表明,在此条件下,3-O-乙基维生素C在0~100 mg/L与相应的峰面积具有良好的线性关系(r=0.999 2),线性回归方程为A=31.170 3,ρ回收率在97.75%~100.60%,方法精密度RSD约为2.6%(n=5)。     

高压液相色谱法测定麦考酚酸的含量

采用高效液相色谱法测定麦考酚酸含量,条件:Merck RP-18柱,流动相为乙腈∶0.5%磷酸水=50∶50,流速0.8 mL/min,检测波长250 nm,柱温60℃,线形范围100～800 mg/L(y=2.054 8×104p 1.481 2,r=0.999 3),加样回收率为99.3%,RSD为0.18%.该方法简便、准确、灵敏、重复性好.     

毛细管气相色谱法测定伊班膦酸钠中有机溶剂残留量

建立了毛细管气相色谱法测定伊班膦酸钠中的有机溶剂残留量。采用PEG-20M毛细管色谱柱,30 m×0.32 mm,液膜厚度为1.0μm;柱温60℃,维持5 min后,再以30℃/min的速率升温至180℃,维持2 min;FID检测器;正丙醇为内标进行测定。丙酮、甲醇、乙醇、氯苯的线性范围分别为0.04 957～0.9 913 mg/mL(r=0.999 9)、0.030 56～0.611 3 mg/mL(r=0.999 2)、0.050 68～1.014 mg/mL(r=0.999 8)、0.0 038 29～0.076 58 mg/mL(r=0.999 9);平均回收率分别为101.4%、98.58%、98.42%、99.98%;RSD分别为2.40%、1.86%、2.02%、3.78%(n=9);检测限分别为0.25、0.50、0.25、0.11μg/mL。方法快速、灵敏、准确,适用于伊班膦酸钠中有机溶剂残留量的测定。     

利用液相色谱法同时分析氯苯胺的研究

建立了高效液相色谱法对水样中氯苯胺三种同分异构体同时分离检测的方法。实验中对流动相配比进行了优化，优化选择的实验条件是甲醇(A)∶水(B)=40∶60。实验结果显示：线性相关系数在0.999 6～0.999 9,检出限为0.000 3～0.000 9 mg/L(S/N=3),相对标准偏差为3.6%～4.1%,样品加标平均回收率为92.3%～104%。该方法快速灵敏，且前处理过程操作简单、安全环保，适合应用于环境监测工作。     

高效液相色谱法测定洗发产品中5种违禁添加药物

建立了高效液相色谱法同时测定洗发产品中酮康唑、甲硝唑、氯霉素、丙酸氯倍他索及醋酸曲安奈德等5种违禁药物成分的方法.在SunFire-C(18)(5μm,4.6 mm×150 mm)色谱柱上,以甲醇和乙酸铵水溶液梯度洗脱,检测波长为254 nm,流速为1 mL/min,柱温为30℃.检出限为0.08 mg/L～0.20 mg/L,各组分在2.0 mg/L～50.0 mg/L呈良好线性关系,相关系数为0.999 5～0.999 9,样品加标回收率为89.2%～97.8%,相对标准偏差为1.56%～3.26%.     

Vitamin D Deficiency and Gender Alter Vasoconstrictor and Vasodilator Reactivity in Rat Carotid Artery

The vitamin-D-sensitivity of the cardiovascular system may show gender differences. The prevalence of vitamin D (VD) deficiency (VDD) is high, and it alters cardiovascular function and increases the risk of stroke. Our aim was to investigate the vascular reactivity and histological changes of isolated carotid artery of female and male rats in response to different VD supplies. A total of 48 male and female Wistar rats were divided into four groups: female VD supplemented, female VDD, male VD supplemented, male VDD. The vascular function of isolated carotid artery segments was examined by wire myography. Both vitamin D deficiency and male gender resulted in increased phenylephrine-induced contraction. Acetylcholine-induced relaxation decreased in male rats independently from VD status. Inhibition of prostanoid signaling by indomethacin reduced contraction in females, but increased relaxation ability in male rats. Functional changes were accompanied by VDD and gender-specific histological alterations. Elastic fiber density was significantly decreased by VDD in female rats, but not in males. Smooth muscle actin and endothelial nitric oxide synthase levels were significantly lowered, but the thromboxane receptor was elevated in VDD males. Decreased nitrative stress was detected in both male groups independently from VD supply. The observed interactions between vitamin D deficiency and sex may play a role in the gender difference of cardiovascular risk.     

Vitamin D Supplementation: Oxidative Stress Modulation in a Mouse Model of Ovalbumin-Induced Acute Asthmatic Airway Inflammation

Asthma oxidative stress disturbances seem to enable supplementary proinflammatory pathways, thus contributing to disease development and severity. The current study analyzed the impact of two types of oral vitamin D (VD) supplementation regimens on the redox balance using a murine model of acute ovalbumin-induced (OVA-induced) asthmatic inflammation. The experimental prevention group received a long-term daily dose of 50 µg/kg (total dose of 1300 µg/kg), whereas the rescue group underwent a short-term daily dose of 100 µg/kg (total dose of 400 µg/kg). The following oxidative stress parameters were analyzed in serum, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissue homogenate (LTH): total oxidative status, total antioxidant response, oxidative stress index, malondialdehyde and total thiols. Results showed that VD significantly reduced oxidative forces and increased the antioxidant capacity in the serum and LTH of treated mice. There was no statistically significant difference between the two types of VD supplementation. VD also exhibited an anti-inflammatory effect in all treated mice, reducing nitric oxide formation in serum and the expression of nuclear factor kappa B p65 in the lung. In conclusion, VD supplementation seems to exhibit a protective role in oxidative stress processes related to OVA-induced acute airway inflammation.     

Investigation of Vitamin D2 and Vitamin D3 Hydroxylation by Kutzneria albida

The active vitamin D metabolites 25-OH−D and 1α,25-(OH)₂−D play an essential role in controlling several cellular processes in the human body and are potentially effective in the treatment of several diseases, such as autoimmune diseases, cardiovascular diseases and cancer. The microbial synthesis of vitamin D₂ (VD₂) and vitamin D₃ (VD₃) metabolites has emerged as a suitable alternative to established complex chemical syntheses. In this study, a novel strain, Kutzneria albida, with the ability to form 25-OH−D₂ and 25-OH−D₃ was identified. To further improve the conversion of the poorly soluble substrates, several solubilizers were tested. 100-fold higher product concentrations of 25-OH−D₃ and tenfold higher concentrations of 25-OH−D₂ after addition of 5 % (w/v) 2-hydroxypropyl β-cyclodextrin (2-HPβCD) were reached. Besides the single-hydroxylation products, the human double-hydroxylation products 1,25-(OH)₂−D₂ and 1,25-(OH)₂−D₃ and various other potential single- and double-hydroxylation products were detected. Thus, K. albida represents a promising strain for the biotechnological production of VD₂ and VD₃ metabolites.     

Policing Cancer: Vitamin D Arrests the Cell Cycle

Vitamin D is a steroid hormone crucial for bone mineral metabolism. In addition, vitamin D has pleiotropic actions in the body, including anti-cancer actions. These anti-cancer properties observed within in vitro studies frequently report the reduction of cell proliferation by interruption of the cell cycle by the direct alteration of cell cycle regulators which induce cell cycle arrest. The most recurrent reported mode of cell cycle arrest by vitamin D is at the G1/G0 phase of the cell cycle. This arrest is mediated by p21 and p27 upregulation, which results in suppression of cyclin D and E activity which leads to G1/G0 arrest. In addition, vitamin D treatments within in vitro cell lines have observed a reduced C-MYC expression and increased retinoblastoma protein levels that also result in G1/G0 arrest. In contrast, G2/M arrest is reported rarely within in vitro studies, and the mechanisms of this arrest are poorly described. Although the relationship of epigenetics on vitamin D metabolism is acknowledged, studies exploring a direct relationship to cell cycle perturbation is limited. In this review, we examine in vitro evidence of vitamin D and vitamin D metabolites directly influencing cell cycle regulators and inducing cell cycle arrest in cancer cell lines.     

光化学合成维生素D

本文报道了维生素D的发现以及它们的光化学合成与进展。中国科学院理化技术研究所开发了一条从胆固醇合成 7 DHC的新路线,提出了一条光化学合成维生素D3 的创新技术路线,并已经转让实施。同时还提出一条光化学合成维生素D2 的创新技术路线。     

Vitamin D Deficiency Induces Chronic Pain and Microglial Phenotypic Changes in Mice

The bioactive form of vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25D3), exerts immunomodulatory actions resulting in neuroprotective effects potentially useful against neurodegenerative and autoimmune diseases. In fact, vitamin D deficiency status has been correlated with painful manifestations associated with different pathological conditions. In this study, we have investigated the effects of vitamin D deficiency on microglia cells, as they represent the main immune cells responsible for early defense at central nervous system (CNS), including chronic pain states. For this purpose, we have employed a model of low vitamin D intake during gestation to evaluate possible changes in primary microglia cells obtained from postnatal day(P)2-3 pups. Afterwards, pain measurement and microglia morphological analysis in the spinal cord level and in brain regions involved in the integration of pain perception were performed in the parents subjected to vitamin D restriction. In cultured microglia, we detected a reactive—activated and proliferative—phenotype associated with intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Oxidative stress was closely correlated with the extent of DNA damage and increased β-galactosidase (B-gal) activity. Interestingly, the incubation with 25D3 or 1,25D3 or palmitoylethanolamide, an endogenous ligand of peroxisome proliferator-activated-receptor-alpha (PPAR-α), reduced most of these effects. Morphological analysis of ex-vivo microglia obtained from vitamin-D-deficient adult mice revealed an increased number of activated microglia in the spinal cord, while in the brain microglia appeared in a dystrophic phenotype. Remarkably, activated (spinal) or dystrophic (brain) microglia were detected in a prominent manner in females. Our data indicate that vitamin D deficiency produces profound modifications in microglia, suggesting a possible role of these cells in the sensorial dysfunctions associated with hypovitaminosis D.     

紫外分光光度法测定五种果蔬中维生素C的含量

利用维生素C对紫外产生吸收和对碱不稳定的特性,用紫外分光光度法测定5种常见果蔬中维生素C的含量。最大吸收波长为243.4nm,标准曲线方程为A=0.0528c-0.0568,相关系数为R2=0.9996。5种果蔬中维生素C含量[mg.(100g)-1]分别为:青椒117.1、橙子69.3、黄瓜20.5、苹果14.9、西红柿18.4。该方法简单、快速,结果令人满意。     

Vitamin D and Cardiovascular Disease: An Updated Narrative Review

During the last two decades, the potential impact of vitamin D on the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been rigorously studied. Data regarding the effect of vitamin D on CVD risk are puzzling: observational data indicate an inverse nonlinear association between vitamin D status and CVD events, with the highest CVD risk at severe vitamin D deficiency; however, preclinical data and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) show several beneficial effects of vitamin D on the surrogate parameters of vascular and cardiac function. By contrast, Mendelian randomization studies and large RCTs in the general population and in patients with chronic kidney disease, a high-risk group for CVD events, largely report no significant beneficial effect of vitamin D treatment on CVD events. In patients with rickets and osteomalacia, cardiovascular complications are infrequently reported, except for an increased risk of heart failure. In conclusion, there is no strong evidence for beneficial vitamin D effects on CVD risk, either in the general population or in high-risk groups. Whether some subgroups such as individuals with severe vitamin D deficiency or a combination of low vitamin D status with specific gene variants and/or certain nutrition/lifestyle factors would benefit from vitamin D (metabolite) administration, remains to be studied.     

光化学合成维生素D2和D3

综述了光化学法合成维生素Ｄ２和Ｄ３的研究进展。