微波辐射下固体超强酸TiO2/SO^2-4催化葵花籽油制备生物柴油

研究了微波辐射作用下同体超强酸TiO2/SO^2-4催化葵花籽油与甲醇通过酯交换反应制备生物柴油,考察了催化剂用量、反应时间、微波功率和醇油摩尔比对酯交换反应的影响。实验结果表明,当醇油摩尔比为12：1、催化剂用量（催化剂与油的质量比）为2％、微波功率为300W、反应时间为25min时,生物柴油的收率可以达到94.3％。     

微波辐射下固体超强酸TiO2/SO42-催化葵花籽油制备生物柴油

研究了微波辐射作用下同体超强酸TiO2/SO42-催化葵花籽油与甲醇通过酯交换反应制备生物柴油,考察了催化剂用量、反应时间、微波功率和醇油摩尔比对酯交换反应的影响.实验结果表明,当醇油摩尔比为12:1、催化剂用量(催化剂与油的质量比)为2%、微波功率为300 W、反应时间为25 min时,生物柴油的收率可以达到94.3%.     

微波强化棉籽油制备生物柴油的研究

利用微波强化以棉籽油和甲醇为原料,KOH为催化剂制备生物柴油。考察醇油摩尔比、催化剂用量、反应时间和微波功率对酯交换反应的影响。结果表明,醇油摩尔比为9∶1,催化剂用量为1.0%,反应时间为3 min,微波功率360 W为最优反应条件。在此反应条件下生物柴油产率可达94%。与传统合成方法相比,该方法可缩短反应时间30~35 min。所得生物柴油主要质量指标达到我国和欧洲(EN14214)生物柴油质量标准,通过红外光谱分析表明,棉籽油生物柴油具有生物柴油所含的官能团。     

棉籽油制备生物柴油的研究

采用棉籽油为原料,在催化剂(KOH)的作用下,通过甲醇酯交换反应制备生物柴油;考察了醇油比、催化剂用量、反应温度、反应时间对生物柴油收率的影响;确定了棉籽油酯交换反应的适宜反应条件:醇油物质的量比6:1,催化剂用量1.2%,反应温度60℃,反应时间30 min,在此条件下,柴油收率为96.3%,其质量指标密度、牯度、甲酯和硫含量等符合国外标准.     

正交法探讨制备生物柴油的优化条件

植物油在NaOH为催化剂的作用下通过甲醇酯交换反应生成脂肪酸甲酯(生物柴油)。考察了反应条件如醇油比、催化剂用量、反应温度、反应时间等的变化对生物柴油得率的影响。应用正交实验的方法找出植物油酯交换反应的最佳反应条件为:反应温度40℃,醇油物质的量比6∶1,催化剂用量0.8%,反应时间60 min。在此反应条件下生物柴油得率可达99.2%。实验所得的生物柴油主要质量指标已达到德国DINV51.606生物柴油质量标准。     

负载型固体碱催化合成甲酯生物柴油的研究

采用浸渍法制备了Na2CO3/高岭土负载型固体碱催化剂,用于催化大豆油与甲醇酯交换反应制备甲酯生物柴油。考察了反应时间、催化剂用量、反应温度和醇油摩尔比对酯交换反应转化率的影响,并通过单因素试验确定了最优工艺条件。结果表明:反应时间4 h、反应温度60℃、催化剂用量3%和醇油摩尔比12∶1条件下,酯交换反应转化率达到90.5%。     

纳米磁性固体碱催化剂制备生物柴油工艺研究

将制备的NaF/CaO-Fe_3O_4固体碱催化剂用于催化预处理过的餐饮废弃油脂与甲醇酯交换反应制备生物柴油。实验结果表明,NaF/CaO-Fe_3O_4催化活性高,超声乳化可显著提高酯交换率并加快酯交换反应速率。研究表明,酯交换反应的最适宜的工艺条件为:醇油摩尔比为12:1,催化剂用量为废弃油脂质量的5%,反应温度为65℃,反应时间为30min,超声频率20 k Hz,超声声强1.01 W/cm2,酯化率可达95.9%。     

SO2-4／TiO2-ZrO2固体酸催化剂催化废弃动植物油脂制备生物柴油

制备了SO2-4/TiO2-ZrO2固体酸催化剂,并以其催化废弃动植物油脂与甲醇发生酯交换反应制备生物柴油.结果表明,催化剂SO2-4-/TiO2-ZrO2表现出了较高的催化活性,在反应压力343 kPa下的最佳酯交换反应条件为:反应温度125℃、醇油摩尔比10∶1、催化剂用量5％、反应时间3h,该条件下废弃动植物油脂...     

酯交换反应体系混合物料的介电特性

近几年来,微波在制备生物柴油的化学工艺中被广泛应用。而微波强化化学反应的实验研究和工程应用中存在很多限制因素,物料介电特性是其中一个重要因素。针对甲醇和菜籽油加入自制催化剂的酯交换反应体系,采用矢量网络分析仪测量不同反应条件下甲醇和菜籽油酯交换反应系统的介电系数,考察反应温度、醇油摩尔比、催化剂用量等因素对介电特性的影响规律。结合酯交换反应动力学,讨论反应温度变化对介电特性的影响,从而为微波加热酯交换反应过程的多物理仿真提供物料介电信息。     

酯交换反应体系混合物料的介电特性

近几年来,微波在制备生物柴油的化学工艺中被广泛应用。而微波强化化学反应的实验研究和工程应用中存在很多限制因素,物料介电特性是其中一个重要因素。针对甲醇和菜籽油加入自制催化剂的酯交换反应体系,采用矢量网络分析仪测量不同反应条件下甲醇和菜籽油酯交换反应系统的介电系数,考察反应温度、醇油摩尔比、催化剂用量等因素对介电特性的影响规律。结合酯交换反应动力学,讨论反应温度变化对介电特性的影响,从而为微波加热酯交换反应过程的多物理仿真提供物料介电信息。     

Biodiesel from an alkaline transesterification reaction of soybean oil using ultrasonic mixing

The feasibility of using ultrasonic mixing to obtain biodiesel from soybean oil was established. The alkaline transesterification reaction was studied at three levels of temperature and four alcohol-to-oil ratios. Excellent yields were obtained for all conditions. For example, at 40°C with ultrasonic agitation and a molar ratio of 6∶1 methanol/oil, the conversion to FAME was greater than 99.4% after about 15 min. For a 6∶1 methanol/oil ratio and a 25 to 60°C temperature range, a pseudo second-order kinetic model was confirmed for the hydrolysis of DG and TG. Reaction rate constants were three to five times higher than those reported in the literature for, mechanical agitation. We suspect that the observed mass transfer and kinetic rate enhancements were due to the increase in interfacial area and activity of the microscopic and macroscopic bubbles formed when ultrasonic waves of 20 kHz were applied to a two-phase reaction system.     

超声波辅助制备生物柴油的新方法研究

以大豆油和甲醇为原料制备生物柴油,酯交换反应在超声波条件下以碱作为催化剂进行,讨论了超声波对反应的影响.研究结果表明,与机械搅拌增强反应比较,低频超声波可以大大强化酯交换反应过程,缩短反应时间.     

Ultrasonic Pretreatment Transesterification for Solid Basic-Catalyzed Synthesis of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters

Generally, ultrasound irradiation is required throughout the reaction for fatty acid methyl esters (FAME, namely, biodiesel) production, which is energy-consuming and difficult to scale-up. In order to improve the industrial application of ultrasonic technology, a systematic study of ultrasonic pretreatment solid basic (Na₂SiO₃)-catalyzed transesterification for FAME production from cottonseed oil was carried out, and the effect of ultrasonic waves on the properties of Na₂SiO₃ catalyst was assessed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform Infrared (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) characterization of fresh and collected catalysts. An ultrasonic frequency of 30 kHz, ultrasonic power of 200 W and ultrasonic pretreatment irradiation time of 30 min was determined to guarantee a satisfactory degree of transesterification. The optimum production was achieved in the reaction system at 45 °C with methanol/cottonseed oil molar ratio 5:1, catalyst dosage 3% and stirring speed 350 rpm resulting in a FAME yield of above 97% after 60 min of reaction under mechanical stirring with the ultrasonic pretreatment process. The new process has a shorter reaction time, a more moderate reaction temperature, a less amount of methanol and catalyst than only the mechanical stirring process without essential damage to activity and the structure of catalyst. These results are of great significance for applying the ultrasonic pretreatment method to produce FAME.     

Na/SiO2新型固体碱催化制备生物柴油的研究

以NaOH、正硅酸乙酯和乙醇为原料,经溶胶-凝胶法制备新型固体碱催化剂（Na/SiO₂）,用于催化大豆油与甲醇的酯交换反应制备生物柴油,研究催化剂焙烧温度、n(NaOH)∶n(SiO₂)、n(甲醇)∶n(大豆油)、催化剂用量和反应时间对产率的影响以及催化剂的稳定性。结果表明,固体碱催化剂Na/SiO₂在大豆油与甲醇的酯交换反应中具有较高的催化活性,在催化剂焙烧温度600 ℃、n(NaOH)∶n(SiO₂)=2∶1、n(甲醇)∶n(大豆油)=15∶1、催化剂用量为大豆油质量的7%和反应时间3 h的条件下,脂肪酸甲酯产率可达97.42%,催化剂在稳定性试验中呈现出优良的稳定性。     

Ultrasonic mixing and closed microwave irradiation-assisted transesterification of soybean oil

The present study employed ultrasonic mixing and closed microwave irradiation to assist transesterification of soybean oil. The purpose was to obtain the optimal ultrasonic mixing and closed microwave irradiation procedure. The optimal reaction conditions including amount of catalyst used, reaction temperature and methanol/oil molar ratio were also investigated to achieve the highest possible conversion rate of biodiesel. Results showed that the optimal procedure involved 1-min ultrasonic mixing and 2-min closed microwave irradiation. The optimal reaction conditions that can reach 97.7% of conversion rate were amount of catalyst used, 1.0 wt%; reaction temperature, 333 K; and methanol/oil molar ratio, 6:1.     

Transesterification of soybean oil to biodiesel using SrO as a solid base catalyst

In this study, transesterification of soybean oil to biodiesel using SrO as a solid base catalyst was studied. The reaction mechanism was proposed and the separate effects of reaction temperature, molar ratio of methanol to oil, mass ratio of catalyst to oil and repeated experiments were investigated. The results showed that the yield of biodiesel produced with SrO as a catalyst was in excess of 95% at temperatures below 70 °C within 30 min. SrO had a long catalyst lifetime and could maintain sustained activity even after being repeatedly used for 10 cycles. The results proved that transesterification of soybean oil to biodiesel using SrO as a catalyst is a commercially viable way to decrease the costs of biodiesel production.     

Optimization of the production of biodiesel from soybean oil by ultrasound assisted methanolysis

This paper evaluates and optimizes the production of biodiesel from soybean oil and methanol using sodium hydroxide as catalyst. The study and optimization was carried out at low catalyst concentration (0.2 to 0.6 w/w). The reaction was carried out with application of low-frequency high-intensity ultrasound under atmospheric pressure and ambient temperature in a batch reactor. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to evaluate the influence of methanol to oil ratio and catalyst concentration on soybean oil conversion into biodiesel. Analysis of the operating conditions by RSM showed that the most important operating condition affecting the reaction was the methanol to oil ratio, while catalyst amount showed little significance in the transesterification reaction. Total consumption of oil was obtained when alcohol to oil ratio of 9:1 and catalyst concentration of 0.2 w/w were applied.     

正交实验法优选K_2O/CaO-SBA-15催化生产生物柴油工艺条件

以介孔分子筛SBA-15为载体,通过浸渍法制备固体碱催化剂K2O-SBA-15、CaO-SBA-15和K2O/CaO-SBA-15,并对其进行XRD表征。将制备的催化剂用于催化大豆油和无水甲醇制备生物柴油。按四因素三水平的正交实验设计方案进行实验,表明各因素影响程度依次为:反应时间反应温度油醇物质的量比催化剂用量。最佳反应条件:在温度为60℃时加入n(原料油)∶n(甲醇)=12∶1的反应物,加入m(催化剂)∶m(原料油)=3%的催化剂,反应3h,产率达86.97%。     

Calcium methoxide as a solid base catalyst for the transesterification of soybean oil to biodiesel with methanol

In this study, physical and chemical characterizations of calcium methoxide were investigated to assess its performance as an excellent solid base catalyst using some instrumental methods, such as BET surface area measurement, scanning electron micrographs and particle size distribution. Then, it was used to catalyze transesterification of soybean oil to biodiesel with methanol. The effects of various factors such as mass ratio of catalyst to oil, reaction temperature and volume ratio of methanol to oil were studied to optimize the reaction conditions. The results showed that calcium methoxide has strong basicity and high catalytic activity as a heterogeneous solid base catalyst and it was obtained a 98% biodiesel yield within 2 h in this reaction. Besides, the recycling experiment results showed it had a long catalyst lifetime and could maintain activity even after being reused for 20 cycles.     

Effect of Ultrasonication on Droplet Size in Biodiesel Mixtures

Biodiesel fuels have become more attractive recently because of their environmental benefits and cost competitiveness compared to diesel fuel. Many processing improvements have been proposed to increase the conversion rates and the yields of vegetable oil in order to lower production costs and improve biodiesel product quality. In conventional biodiesel production chemistries, alkaline transesterifications of alcohol/oil dispersions should occur primarily near the interface. Ultrasonic mixing has already been shown to increase overall conversion rates for alcohol/vegetable oil mixtures. Our data show that ultrasonic mixing produced smaller droplet sizes than conventional agitation, leading to more interfacial area for the reaction to occur. Droplet size distributions have been measured for conventional impeller and ultrasonic mixing systems using methanol/soybean oil as a model system. The dispersions were stabilized by surfactant in order to obtain droplet size distribution for mixture samples. Ultrasonic mixing produced dispersions with average droplet sizes 42% smaller than those generated using standard impellers.