熔纺氨纶的流变性能

研究了聚氨酯(TPU)切片、氨纶无油丝和不同混合比例的TPU与交联剂的混合物的流变性能,发现4种样品在熔融状态下均为切力变稀流体,熔体的剪切黏度随剪切速率的增大而减小;交联剂加入越多,熔体剪切黏度越大,在同样剪切速率下其熔融温度越高;随着熔融温度提高,熔体的剪切黏度减小。目前纺丝生产的经验值是TPU切片的熔融温度约为210℃,熔体管路及纺丝箱的温度约在200℃左右。     

干纺氨纶原液稳态/动态流变行为与性能研究

采用旋转流变仪的稳态和动态模式，研究不同聚合配方下干纺氨纶原液的流变行为、黏弹性响应以及微观结构，得出二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯与聚四氢呋喃物质的量比、支链扩链剂二胺和交联剂三胺对原液流变性能、可纺性及均一性的影响，支链扩链剂二胺的引入可以拓宽复数黏度的牛顿平台，使原液熟化过程的工艺控制范围扩大。     

MWCNTs/rGO纳米杂化材料改性氨纶的流变性能

采用一步水热还原法制备了多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)/还原氧化石墨烯(r GO)纳米杂化材料,进一步通过溶液混合方法将纳米杂化材料与氨纶混合制备了氨纶/MWCNTs/r GO(NCs)溶液,使用旋转流变仪研究了NCs溶液浓度和温度对其静、动态流变行为的影响。结果表明,高浓度的NCs溶液黏度对剪切速率较为敏感,产生明显的剪切变稀现象,但在低剪切速率下其黏度仍有较宽的稳定平台;随温度降低,浓度为10%的NCs溶液黏度升高,剪切变稀现象更为明显,当温度低于60℃时,黏度的稳定平台变窄;NCs溶液在角频率较低时具有较好的纺丝性能,角频率大于200 rad/s时,储能模量高于损耗模量,纺丝时容易造成出口胀大堵塞纺丝孔,对于纺丝不利;NCs溶液的非牛顿指数随着温度升高而升高,与剪切变稀随温度升高而减弱的现象一致。由静、动态流变测试结果综合分析,浓度为10%的NCs溶液适宜纺丝的温度应该大于60℃,剪切速率应低于20 s-1。     

多元回归法分析干喷湿纺PAN/DMSO原液流变性能

应用多元回归分析确定了相对分子质量、温度、剪切速率、浓度4种主要因素对干喷湿纺聚丙烯 腈/二甲基亚砜(PAN/DMSO)纺丝原液粘度的影响。研究发现,纺丝原液粘度随着相对分子质量、浓度的增 大而增高,且过了临界相对分子质量、临界浓度后粘度会急剧增大。实验测得相对分子质量为7.8×104的 溶液临界浓度为11.5％。纺丝原液粘度随着温度、剪切速率的增大而降低,过了临界切变速率后粘度会急 剧下降,但在低剪切速率区粘度基本不变。通过多元线性回归模型,得出了多因子复合流变方程。     

氨纶纺丝原液流变性能的研究

采用简易式毛细管流变仪、高聚物浓溶液动态粘弹仪和显微摄影技术,在模拟实际纺丝工艺条件下,测定了氨纶(PU)原液的稳态和动态流动曲线、孔口膨化比,重点研究了PU原液温度对其粘弹性的影响。研究结果证明,PU原液为切力变稀流体,结构粘度指数(Δη)、剪切弹性模量(G)均随温度升高而下降,在30—50℃范围内,Δη与G的变化甚微,这表明氨纶可在室温下纺丝,增加原液温度不仅使可纺性更佳,且有利于提高纺速,从而制得细旦氨纶。     

含咪唑结构的聚酰胺酸纺丝液流变性研究

为了获得力学性能优异的聚酰亚胺纤维,将含咪唑单元的2-（二氨基苯基）苯并咪唑-5胺引入到以3,3’,4,4’-联苯四甲酸二酐、对苯二胺为单体的聚合物主链中,通过共聚法获得聚酰胺酸（PAA）纺丝原液,并对该纺丝原液进行流变性能研究。结果表明：PAA纺丝原液是典型的假塑性流体,且在剪切速率大于100 s^-1时,原液的切应力出现不稳定现象;原液的黏流活化能受剪切速率影响较大,当剪切速率大于10 s^-1时,随着剪切速率增大黏流活化能迅速降低;原液的结构黏度指数随着分子质量的增大而增大,且随着PAA分子质量的增大,原液的临界凝胶点逐渐向低频方向偏移。     

干法纺丝用聚间苯二甲酰间苯二胺溶液的流变性能

研究了聚间苯二甲酰间苯二胺溶液的固体质量分数、相对分子质量、温度对溶液流变性能的影响。结果表明:聚间苯二甲酰间苯二胺溶液的流变性能受溶液固体质量分数、相对分子质量、温度的影响明显,聚合物相对分子质量增大、溶液固体质量分数增加均使溶液表观黏度增大,温度升高使溶液表观黏度减小,溶液表观黏度随剪切速率的变化幅度较小。试验结果表明:适合干法纺丝的聚间苯二甲酰间苯二胺溶液的固体质量分数为31%³5%,特性黏度为1.6 dL/g左右,纺丝时原液温度范围为5035%,特性黏度为1.6 dL/g左右,纺丝时原液温度范围为50¹20℃。     

影响熔融氨纶生产的几个重要因素

1熔融氨纶制造工艺技术 纤维级聚氨酯切片（采用一步法合成的纤维级热塑性聚氨酯粒子）,经干燥、熔融、计量、纺丝、卷绕、上油、平衡等工序,即得到熔融纺丝氨纶产品。最初熔融纺丝氨纶产品在弹性回复率、耐热性等方面还不如干纺氨纶,但随着纤维级聚氨酯切片技术生产日益成熟及熔融纺丝技术的完善．熔融纺丝氨纶产品已可和干纺氨纶产品相媲美。     

甬道风量对干纺氨纶结构与性能的影响

采用聚四亚甲基醚二醇、4,4'–二苯基甲烷–二异氰酸酯、乙二胺、N,N–二甲基乙酰胺制成纺丝原液,分别在甬道风量为630,660,690,720,750 m3/h下制备了5种干纺氨纶。利用傅立叶变换红外光谱仪、X射线衍射测试仪、差示扫描量热仪、万能材料试验机研究了5种氨纶的氢键、热性能、结晶性以及拉伸性能。结果表明,随着甬道风量的增加,氨纶硬链段内部氢键化程度降低、结晶度降低,导致氨纶拉伸断裂强力降低;软链段局部取向程度降低、玻璃化转变温度降低,导致氨纶拉伸断裂伸长率增大。     

纤维素/硅酸钠纺丝原液流变性能的研究

采用旋转流变仪对不同阻燃剂添加量的粘胶共混纺丝原液的流变性能进行了研究。结果表明,添加阻燃剂的粘胶共混原液为切力变稀型流体。随着温度升高,粘胶混合原液的粘度降低,温度在50℃以后有凝胶现象,粘度急剧增大。与普通粘胶纺丝原液相比,加入阻燃剂后的粘胶混合原液非牛顿指数n和结构粘度△η、粘流活化能△Eη等流变参数没有较大的变化,纤维素/硅酸钠纺丝原液符合纺丝要求。     

共聚聚酰亚胺纺丝溶液流变性能的研究

研究了二苯酮四酸二酐-二异氰酸甲苯酯-二异氰酸二苯甲烷酯共聚聚酰亚胺(P84)的N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)溶液的流变性能.结果表明:P84质黄分数为17%～21%的NMP溶液为切力变稀流体,在温度为40～60℃时,其非牛顿指数为0.80～0.98,随着P84浓度增加或温度降低,其溶液的非牛顿性增加;在低剪切速率下,P8...     

碳纳米管对聚丙烯腈溶液流变行为的影响

将混酸处理后的多壁碳纳米管(MWNT)超声分散于含5%水的二甲基亚砜(DMSO)中,然后将其与聚丙烯腈(PAN)/DMSO(含5%水)的纺丝溶液剪切共混,制备含碳纳米管的PAN纺丝溶液。采用椎板旋转流变仪研究了PAN纺丝溶液的流变行为。结果表明,添加碳纳米管后,PAN纺丝溶液的表观粘度变大,且其对剪切速率的敏感性增强。同时,随着MWNT含量的增加,PAN纺丝溶液的非牛顿指数降低,结构粘度指数和粘流活化能增大。     

原液着色PMIA纺丝浆液挤出胀大特性研究

研究了采用原液着色法制备间位芳香族聚酰胺(PMIA)有色纤维的纺丝浆液的挤出胀大特性;测定了纺丝浆液的密度、浓度;采用重量法测定了挤出胀大比(B),讨论了B与毛细管长径比(L/D)、纺丝压力、纺丝温度、剪切速率(γ)等工艺条件的关系。结果表明:采用原液着色PMIA浆液纺丝时,B随着L/D和温度的增大而减小,随着压力和γ的增大而增大;纺丝时可通过提高压力来减少高温对纺丝成形的影响,还可通过增加滤布层数来减小B。     

PP/EHDPET共混体系熔体粘度对相转变的影响

以聚丙烯 (PP) /易水解聚酯 (EH DPET)共混体系为研究对象 ,测试了共混组分在不同加工温度与不同剪切速率下的熔体粘度。结果表明 ,加工温度与剪切速率的改变均会导致 PP与 EHDPET熔体粘度比的变化 ,进而影响到两组分的海 -岛结构构成。选择较高的加工温度及较低的剪切速率 ,可以使共混物 PP在高组成比时成为分散相。     

海藻酸钠/羧甲基壳聚糖纺丝溶液的流变性能

采用RT-2000毛细管流变仪,研究了海藻酸钠(SAL)/羧甲基壳聚糖(CMCS)纺丝溶液的流变性能。结果表明:SAL/CMCS纺丝溶液是切力变稀型流体,随着剪切速率(γ)的增加,纺丝溶液的表观粘度(η_a)下降;随着纺丝液中CMCS含量的增加,SAL/CMCS纺丝溶液的η_a和结构粘度指数(△η)下降,非牛顿指数(n)增大;随着纺丝液温度的升高,SAL/CMCS纺丝溶液的η_a和△η下降,n增大。纺丝过程中应控制SAL/CMCS纺丝溶液的温度为35℃,纺丝溶液中CMCS质量分数为15%较适宜。     

Spinning and drawing properties of ultrahigh‐molecular‐weight polyethylene fibers prepared at varying concentrations and temperatures

The concentrations and temperatures of ultrahigh‐molecular‐weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) gel solutions exhibited a significant influence on their rheological and spinning properties. The shear viscosities of UHMWPE solutions increased consistently with increasing concentrations at a constant temperature above 80°C. Tremendously high shear viscosities of UHMWPE gel solutions were found as the temperatures reached 120–140°C, at which their shear viscosity values approached the maximum. The spinnable solutions are those gel solutions with optimum shear viscosities and relatively good homogeneity in nature. Moreover, the gel solution concentrations and spinning temperatures exhibited a significant influence on the drawability and microstructure of the as‐spun fibers. At each spinning temperature, the achievable draw ratios obtained for as‐spun fibers prepared near the optimum concentration are significantly higher than those of as‐spun fibers prepared at other concentrations. The critical draw ratio of the as‐spun fiber prepared at the optimum concentration approached a maximum value, as the spinning temperature reached the optimum value of 150°C. Further investigations indicated that the best orientation of the precursors of shish‐kebab‐like entities, birefringence, crystallinity, thermal and tensile properties were always accompanied with the as‐spun fiber prepared at the optimum concentration and temperature. Similar to those found for the as‐spun fibers, the birefringence and tensile properties of the draw fibers prepared at the optimum condition were always higher than those of drawn fibers prepared at other conditions but stretched to the same draw ratio. Possible mechanisms accounting for these interesting phenomena are proposed.     

Viscoelasticity of concentrated polyacrylonitrile solutions: effects of solution composition and temperature

The effects of solution composition and temperature on the viscoelasticity of concentrated polyacrylonitrile (PAN) solutions were studied using a variety of rheological measurements, such as steady‐state shearing, dynamic stress sweep and transient rheological tests. The first normal stress difference N₁ and the shear stress τ were found to increase with decreasing temperature and increasing PAN concentration and water content in the solutions. The crossover point of N₁ and τ, denoting the equal contribution of viscosity and elasticity to the viscoelasticity of the solutions, moved to lower shear rates at lower temperature, higher PAN concentration and higher water content. The values of the relaxation time (λ) were larger at 70 °C than at 40 °C. In addition, the changes of λ with PAN concentration and water content were different at the two temperatures, ascribed to the different states of the solutions. The PAN solutions were in the linear viscoelastic regime in the temperature range 40–70 °C when the shear stress was below 300 Pa. The creep compliance recovery rate decreased with increasing temperature, but increased with increasing PAN concentration and water content. Thixotropic tests showed that the thixotropy of the solutions was also affected by the solution composition and temperature. Gelation was found to influence the way the solution composition and temperature affected the viscoelastic properties of the PAN solutions. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

Resorbable materials of poly(L-lactide). II. Fibers spun from solutions of poly(L-lactide) in good solvents

Fibers of poly(L -lactide) (PLLA) with a tensile strength up to 1.2 GPa and Young's modulus in the range of 12–15 GPA were obtained by a hot drawing of fibers spun from solution of PLLA in good solvents such as dichloromethane and trichloromethane. The tensile strength of fibers was strongly dependent on the molecular weight of PLLA and on polymer concentrations in the spinning solution. Changing of the polymer concentration in the spinning solution gives rise to formation of fibers with different shape and porosity. Fibers spun from 10–20% solutions at room temperature exhibit a regular structurization, due to the melt fracture. These fibers had knot strengths up to 0.6 GPa, whereas fibers with a smooth surface spun from more dilute solutions had weaker square knots up to 0.3 GPa.     

聚酰胺酸纺丝溶液的流变性能研究

由均苯四酸二酐(PMDA)和4,4'-二氨基二苯醚(ODA)在N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMAc)中共聚合制得聚酰亚胺前驱体——聚酰胺酸的纺丝溶液,采用哈克流变仪研究了溶液的流变性能。结果表明:聚酰胺酸溶液属于切力变稀的非牛顿流体;溶液的表观黏度随溶液温度的升高而降低,随溶液浓度的升高或聚合物特性黏度的增大而增大。溶液温度的升高、浓度的降低或聚合物特性黏度的减小均使得聚酰胺酸溶液呈现切力变稀行为的临界剪切速率变大,使得溶液的非牛顿指数增大,同时使得溶液的结构黏度指数减小。溶液的黏流活化能随剪切速率的增加或随溶液浓度的增高而下降。     

超高相对分子质量聚丙烯腈浓溶液的制备

通过高速搅拌剪切，使超高分子对质量聚丙烯腈（ＰＡＮ）冻胶体系中缠结网络结构破坏，粘度降低，提高溶液浓度，以满足纺制高性能冻胶纺ＰＡＮ纤维的需要，当高速搅拌条件为间隙０．２８ｍｍ剪切速率４２０ｒ／ｍｉｎ时，可解除天生缠结，适宜的搅拌剪切条件是制行适合冻胶纺的超高相分子质量ＰＡＮ溶液的关键。