新型组合堵剂的研发与性能评价

针对油藏高含水且温度高的特点,研发了一种接枝共聚纯黏性流体与酚醛树脂凝胶组合堵剂,改善了常规调剖技术有效期短、封堵半径短的问题,并通过室内试验评价了该组合堵剂的性能。试验结果表明:该组合体系具有黏弹性高、成胶时间可控且抗剪切性能力强的特点。在90℃条件下,酚醛树脂凝胶堵剂的最佳配方(w)为0.4%HPAM聚合物+0.9%酚醛树脂交联剂;接枝共聚纯黏性流体的最佳配方(w)为4%改性淀粉+4%AM+0.15%交联剂+0.05%引发剂。接枝共聚纯黏性流体与酚醛树脂凝胶复合成胶试验结果表明,酚醛树脂凝胶与接枝共聚纯黏性流体两者互溶之后,均可以成胶,且成胶黏度在50 Pa·s以上。     

有机——无机复合~1凝胶调剖剂的研制

本文介绍利用淀粉和丙烯酰胺单体的接枝共聚体系以及膨润土堵剂,开发出了一种具有很好的封堵能力,价格低廉的有机——无机复合1凝胶调剖堵剂。研究了该调剖剂各组分的浓度对成胶时间及凝胶强度的影响,并采用填砂管模拟试验方法对该调剖剂的注入性能以及成胶后的封堵效果进行了尝试性的评价。实验结果表明,该调堵剂具有较好的注入性能和较高的封堵强度,且成胶时间可调,耐盐,成本较低。     

脱硫石膏-粉煤灰复合胶凝材料基胶砂试验研究

脱硫石膏和粉煤灰混合后,在水泥、石灰、复合激发剂的作用下,可制备成一种新型复合胶凝材料。通过试验,在对水泥、激发剂及其最佳掺量的优选的基础上确立复合胶凝材料基本比例关系。结果表明,脱硫石膏与粉煤灰的最佳配比为2：3;水泥掺量对复合胶凝材料基胶砂强度影响明显,强度随水泥用量增加而增大;适宜用量的激发剂有助于提升强度。     

脱盐HPAN低温堵水剂

开发了一种脱盐HPAN低温堵水剂,探讨了研制工艺、堵水机理。研究了堵剂中各组分配比、pH值、温度等对成胶情况的影响,测定了岩芯突破压力及堵塞率。该堵剂具有使用温度低、凝胶强度大、不伤害地层等特点。     

化学外加剂对粉煤灰-矿渣-水泥胶凝体系的激发作用

为提高粉煤灰-矿渣-水泥充填胶凝体系早期强度,选取10种激发剂,通过单掺及复掺试验,研究激发剂的早强性能,并获得最优配比,利用XRD、SEM、EDS手段分析了胶凝体系的水化产物及复合激发剂作用机理.结果表明:单掺激发剂时,当掺量≤1.4％,早强效果较优的依次为:NaCl>Na2 CO3>CaSO4·2H2 O>Na2 SiO3·9H2 O>三乙醇胺,复掺激发剂最佳配比为:NaCl、三乙醇胺分别为胶凝材料总质量0.9％和0.03％,硫铝酸盐水泥、CaSO4·2H2 O均为水泥熟料质量5％,胶砂试样3 d强度比空白样提高191.7％,28 d强度与空白样相差不大;胶凝体系受激发主要水化产物为C-S-H凝胶、水化氯铝酸钙和钙矾石,C-S-H凝胶构成了试样的强度主体,针状钙矾石与片状水化氯铝酸钙交错生长,具有加筋、填充作用,使微观结构更加密实、紧凑,提高了早期强度.     

硅酸类无机堵剂综述

对国内外的硅酸类无机堵剂体系进行了研究,并分成了5类:延迟硅酸类堵剂体系,定时硅酸类堵剂体系,胶凝时间可控硅酸类无机堵剂,复合硅酸类无机堵剂以及其他硅酸类无机堵剂.对硅酸凝胶的堵水机理进行了总结和分析.对硅酸凝胶的制备、注入工艺、性能评价方法等进行了讨论,并分别提供了硅酸类无机堵剂在匈牙利油田和我国的中原油田实际应用效果的实例.对今后硅酸类无机堵剂的研究和开发提出了建议.     

司家营铁矿嗣后充填全尾砂胶凝材料激发剂配比优化决策

在探索试验和净浆试验的基础上,针对司家营矿山嗣后充填开采条件以及全尾砂物化特性,开展了大量的全尾砂新型充填胶凝材料激发剂配比试验研究。在此基础上,利用DPS数据分析系统对试验数据进行统计分析和配比优化,由此建立了新型充填胶凝材料的胶砂充填体强度与激发剂配比之间的函数关系,揭示了胶结充填体强度与激发剂材料掺量的变化规律,确定了满足司家营铁矿阶段嗣后充填法开采充填体强度要求的新型胶凝材料激发剂最优配方,为司家营铁矿安全、高效和环保充填法开采,提供了低成本和高强度的新型充填胶凝材料,也为大型贫铁矿的充填法开采探索出一条途径。     

一种油气田用耐高温凝胶调堵剂制备及性能研究

为解决油气田开发中的油田水淹、低渗透区出油率低等问题,试验以稻壳灰为主要材料,结合表面活性剂,制备一种耐高温凝胶调堵剂,并对其性能和应用效果进行研究。结果表明,当A剂中含有8%稻壳灰粉末和8%表面活性剂,B剂(表面活性剂)浓度为1%时,配制的凝胶调堵剂耐盐性、耐高温性良好,呈碱性。其中,当凝胶调堵剂中的水溶液为10×10⁴ mg/L矿化度盐水时,成胶率达到72%。该凝胶调堵剂在100℃温度下保温100 d时,凝胶黏度达到74.3 MPa·s。另外,该凝胶调堵剂在空气渗透率为1 000～8 000 mD时,人造岩心的封堵率达到91%以上,封堵性能良好。     

一种复合凝胶堵剂的制备与性能研究

以聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)和有机铬作为复合交联剂,与聚丙烯酰胺(HPAM)制备一种复合凝胶堵剂,考察各因素对成胶性能的影响。结果表明,体系成胶时间随PEI和醋酸铬质量分数的增加以及温度的升高而缩短,随HPAM质量分数的增加而先增长后缩短,体系成胶黏度随HPAM、PEI和醋酸铬质量分数的增加而逐渐增大,后趋于稳定,随温度升高而先增大后减小。复合凝胶堵剂的配方质量分数优选为0.8%HPAM、0.1%PEI、0.2%醋酸铬,成胶温度70℃,成胶时间36 h,成胶黏度3 150 mPa·s。该堵剂具有较好的耐剪切性、成胶稳定性,封堵率95%。     

高温裂缝性油藏调堵剂室内研究

针对乾安高温(98℃)裂缝性油藏中存在的高渗透和高滤失问题,研制了适合该类油藏的高温堵剂。在高温条件下研究了配方各组分及其用量对该堵剂成胶时间和成胶强度的影响,筛选出堵剂配方,并考察了堵剂的热稳定性。实验结果表明,该堵剂在高温条件下可形成高强度凝胶具有良好的热稳定性,适合高温裂缝性油藏堵水。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

Inorganic/organic nanocomposite coatings: The next step in coating performance

Inorganic/organic hybrid materials have considerable promise and are beginning to become a major area of research for many coating usages, including abrasion and corrosion resistance. Our primary approach is to prepare the inorganic phase in situ within the film formation process of the organic phase. The inorganic phase is introduced via sol-gel chemistry into a thermosetting organic phase. By this method, the size, periodicity, spatial positioning, and density of the inorganic phase can be controlled. An important aspect of the inorganic/organic hybrid materials is the coupling agent. The initial task of the coupling agent is to provide uniform mixing of the oligomeric organic phase with the sol-gel precursors, which are otherwise immiscible. UV-curable inorganic/organic hybrid systems have the advantages of a rapid cure and the ability to be used on heat sensitive substrates such as molded plastics. Also, it is possible to have better control of the growth of the inorganic phase using UV curing. It is our ultimate goal to completely separate the curing of inorganic and organic phases to gain complete control over the morphology, and hence optimization of “all” the coating properties. Thus far, it has been found that concomitant UV curing of the inorganic and organic phases using titanium sol-gel precursors afforded nanocomposite coatings which completely block the substrate from UV light while maintaining a transparent to visible light. Also, it has been found that the morphology of the inorganic phase is highly dependent on the concentration and reactivity of the coupling agent. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.