酸吸收塔塔盘失效分析及改进

针对酸吸收塔塔盘失效的现象,分析了塔盘失效的主要原因。通过改变塔盘分布和支撑方式,解决了酸吸收塔塔盘的共振问题。塔盘改进后的塔设备运行了8个月,结果显示该塔运行良好,生产稳定。     

机械通风横流式冷却塔组的节能试验研究

以多主机空调系统中的机械通风横流式冷却塔组为研究对象,对独立运行的塔组和连通运行的塔组以及在塔组中是否实行风路控制进行了冷却效果的比较。结果表明,在试验所测试的条件下,实行风路控制的连通运行的塔组与独立运行的塔组相比,单位负荷冷吨数提高了36.55%;与未采用风路控制的连通运行塔组相比,风机停用塔的平均风量提高37.65%,总风量提高6.9%,节能效果明显。     

醋酸洗涤塔塔盘脱落原因分析及应对措施

结合醋酸洗涤塔内部检查情况及出现塔盘脱落的问题,分析了可能引起塔盘脱落的几种原因,并提出了应对措施,对比了整改措施实施前后的运行效果。实践证明:整改措施实施后,醋酸洗涤塔运行稳定,出塔物料结构与设计相符,装置得以长周期、满负荷运行。     

燕山乙烯前冷及脱甲烷塔系统运行分析

中国石油化工股份有限公司北京燕山分公司乙烯装置2011年大检修期间更换了脱甲烷塔进料分离罐,开车后高压甲烷中氢气含量大幅降低,减少了氢气损失,但脱甲烷塔运行不稳定,塔顶温度波动频繁。介绍了该前冷及脱甲烷塔系统的运行现状,结合现场实际情况、其它乙烯装置运行调整经验及模拟优化文献,分析了脱甲烷塔运行不稳定的原因,提出了操作调整的方向。     

塔池底分隔工艺运行应用

敞开式循环水系统冷却塔塔底集水池历史上习惯采用1座多间塔共用一个联合式塔底集水池的运行工艺。介绍了辽宁省抚顺市石油二厂循环水场在2008-2012年间实施循环水场技术改造过程中,突破了传统塔底集水池的运行模式,对集水池进行分隔技术改造,并投入运行。实践证明,这种运行工艺在大型集中循环水场的日常运行及水质管理工作中取得了较好的效果,并解决了很多生产中遇到的实际问题。     

旋流式增湿塔的生产应用

对旋流式增湿塔的特点及设计作了介绍。根据热平衡法计算,该增湿塔所需喷水量与普通增湿塔相比可节水４０％左右。旋流式增湿塔在实际生产过程中的运行结果表明,该塔具有较高的预收尘效率（大于５０％）,运行阻力小（３００～３５０Ｐａ）,喷水量少,且对使用不同喷嘴的适应性较强。旋流式增湿塔具有明显的增湿降温效果,有利于后置电收尘器的正常运行。     

异常情况下树脂塔运行方式的探讨

针对树脂塔底网泄漏问题,通过改变树脂塔运行方式,采取了一系列措施,有效保证了装置安全稳定运行,为树脂塔在异常情况下积累了操作经验。     

4#焦炭塔筒体鼓胀变形分析

焦炭塔从1990年建设投入运行至今,在运行过程中从塔底部锥段向上多层塔节发生了臌胀变形,并发现了大量表面裂纹,利用无损检测、金相分析等手段进行分析,确定该塔还可以在稳定操作条件下继续生产。     

丙烯酸乙酯精馏塔的改造

论述了利用填料塔的优点，丙烯酸乙酯精馏塔（T5011）由有堰筛板塔改为填料塔的指导思想，填料塔的工作原理和改造后T5011塔的运行情况。     

乙烯装置前脱乙烷工艺节能及长周期运行研究

在百万吨级前脱乙烷工艺的乙烯装置上进行了前脱乙烷工艺系统的节能和长周期运行研究.模拟计算了不同的凝液加热器出口温度以及2种较低的脱乙烷塔塔底温度和塔压对前脱乙烷工艺系统的影响.研究结果表明:降低脱乙烷塔塔底温度和塔压,可延长塔底再沸器的运行周期,节省前脱乙烷工艺系统的能耗,使乙烯装置运行成本下降;当塔底温度不低于70℃...     

乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品废水的治理技术

乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)是十分重要的化工中间体,其下游产品较多。江苏某化工厂开发生产乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品三十多个,年生产规模三万多吨,是国内以乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)为中间体生产精细化学品的综合骨干企业。针对乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品废水特点,该厂结合企业实际,开展了产品优化,结构调整,清洁生产,资源循环利用,节水降耗等工作,从源头削减了污染物的生产。同时投资二千多万元新建预处理装置三套,6000m3/d废水生化处理装置一套,使全厂乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品的废水得到了有效的治理。     

A study of miscibility of blends of polybutadienes of varying microstructure

The miscibility of various amorphous polybutadienes with mixed microstructures of 1,4 addition units (cis, 1,4 and trans 1,4) and 1,2 addition units have been investigated. The studies here involved optical transparency, differential scanning calorimetry, and small angle light scattering. It was found that a 90 percent (cis) 1, 4 addition polybutadiene was immiscible with high (91 percent) 1,2 addition polybutadiene. Reduction of the 1,2 content to 71 percent induced an upper critical solution temperature (UCST) with the cis 1,4 polymer. Polybutadienes with 50 percent and 10 percent 1,2 contents were miscible above the crystalline melting temperature of the cis 1,4 polybutadiene. Immiscibility of the 91 percent 1,2 addition polymer was also found with a 10 percent 1,2 polybutadiene. The latter polymer also exhibits an UCST with the 71 percent 1,2 polymer. The results are used to interpret the characteristics of blends of polybutadienes of varying microstructure.     

几种乙炔加压设备性能的比较

阐述并比较了几种加压设备在乙炔加压清净过程中的性能和特点。     

粉煤灰中烧失量检测的不确定度分析

以F类粉煤灰为例,详细介绍了测定粉煤灰中烧失量的步骤、计算数学模型、影响测量不确定度的因素以及各项测量不确定度分量评定,人员、设备、材料、方法、环境都是影响测量不确定的因素。     

生物油的成分分析及物性测定

以添加FeCl2的ZnCl2-KCl混合熔盐裂解纤维素和秸秆,制得生物油。采用傅立叶变换红外光谱法和气相色谱-质谱法分析生物油的成分。结果表明,生物油中成分复杂,含有氧元素、多种有机化合物,主要包括酮类、醛类、酚类及羧酸类等。测定了20～80℃生物油的密度和粘度,发现生物油的密度与温度呈较好线性关系,而生物油的粘度均大于水的粘度,且不同熔盐体系对秸秆生物油的粘度无较大影响。     

Effect of degree of deacetylation of chitosan on the kinetics of ultrasonic degradation of chitosan

The objective of the study was to explore the effect of the degree of deacetylation (DD) of the chitosan used on the degradation rate and rate constant during ultrasonic degradation. Chitin was extracted from red shrimp process waste. Four different DD chitosans were prepared from chitin by alkali deacetylation. Those chitosans were degraded by ultrasonic radiation to different molecular weights. Changes of the molecular weight were determined by light scattering, and data of molecular weight changes were used to calculate the degradation rate and rate constant. The results were as follows: The molecular weight of chitosans decreased with an increasing ultrasonication time. The curves of the molecular weight versus the ultrasonication time were broken at 1‐h treatment. The degradation rate and rate constant of sonolysis decreased with an increasing ultrasonication time. This may be because the chances of being attacked by the cavitation energy increased with an increasing molecular weight species and may be because smaller molecular weight species have shorter relaxation times and, thus, can alleviate the sonication stress easier. However, the degradation rate and rate constant of sonolysis increased with an increasing DD of the chitosan used. This may be because the flexibilitier molecules of higher DD chitosans are more susceptible to the shear force of elongation flow generated by the cavitation field or due to the bond energy difference of acetamido and β‐1,4‐glucoside linkage or hydrogen bonds. Breakage of the β‐1,4‐glucoside linkage will result in lower molecular weight and an increasing reaction rate and rate constant. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 3526–3531, 2003     

分解炉扩径的技术改造

我厂3号回转窑(Φ4m×60m)生产线在1996年年底由SP窑(产量912t/d)改为NSP窑(产量1320t/d),预分解系统为四级旋风预热器带离线式分解炉