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1.
Nepheline (Na6K2Al8Si8O32) is a rock‐forming tectosilicate mineral which is by far the most abundant of the feldspathoids. The crystallization in nepheline‐based glass‐ceramics proceeds through several polymorphic transformations — mainly orthorhombic, hexagonal, cubic — depending on their thermochemistry. However, the fundamental science governing these transformations is poorly understood. In this article, an attempt has been made to elucidate the structural drivers controlling these polymorphic transformations in nepheline‐based glass‐ceramics. Accordingly, two different sets of glasses (meta‐aluminous and per‐alkaline) have been designed in the system Na2O–CaO–Al2O3–SiO2 in the crystallization field of nepheline and synthesized by the melt‐quench technique. The detailed structural analysis of glasses has been performed by 29Si, 27Al, and 23Na magic‐angle spinning — nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS NMR), and multiple‐quantum MAS NMR spectroscopy, while the crystalline phase transformations in these glasses have been studied under isothermal and non‐isothermal conditions using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and MQMAS NMR. Results indicate that the sequence of polymorphic phase transformations in these glass‐ceramics is dictated by the compositional chemistry of the parent glasses and the local environments of different species in the glass structure; for example, the sodium environment in glasses became highly ordered with decreasing Na2O/CaO ratio, thus favoring the formation of hexagonal nepheline, while the cubic polymorph was the stable phase in SiO2–poor glass‐ceramics with (Na2O+CaO)/Al2O3 > 1. The structural origins of these crystalline phase transformations have been discussed in the paper.  相似文献   

2.
The local structure of cesium-borosilicate glasses with various Cs2O and B2O3 proportions and constant SiO2 content (50 mol %) is studied with 11B, 29Si, and 133Cs MAS NMR spectroscopy. The portions of three- and four-fold Si atoms are determined, as well as the concentrations of various silicate Q n units. Our experimental data are compared with the predictions of Dell’s model and thermodynamic modeling for sodium–borosilicate analogs of the glasses studied.  相似文献   

3.
The model developed by Makishima and Mackenzie (M–M) may yield reasonable estimates for the E‐modulus of a range of glasses. In the M–M model the bonding enthalpy and packing densities present in the compounds that form the glass are taken as input for the calculation. This study shows that a more accurate estimate can be obtained by incorporating in the model structural information from MAS‐NMR data. Specifically, we have determined by means of the impulse excitation technique (IET) the E‐modulus for ionomer glasses with composition 4.5SiO2–3Al2O3–1.5P2O5–3MO–2MF2, where M denotes the alkaline earth metal (M = Mg, Ca, Sr, or Ba). The MAS‐NMR structural analysis shows that substitution of calcium by barium or strontium results in a disrupted network, whereas magnesium leads to a more packed network. In this study we will show how a higher coordination state of the aluminum as determined by 27Al MAS‐NMR can be taken into account in the model. This leads to rather small corrections of the estimates for these particular glasses. In contrast, the 19F MAS‐NMR study shows the presence of Al–F–M(n) or Al–F and Si–F–M(n) types of environment in the glass network. Al–F and Si–F bonds are not accounted for in the E‐modulus estimate by the M–M model. We will show how by incorporating the new bonding of F with Al and Si a significantly improved estimate of the E‐modulus is obtained compared with the original model.  相似文献   

4.
We report on the influence of Fe2O3 on the crystallization kinetics of nepheline (Na2O·Al2O3·2SiO2)‐based sodium aluminosilicate glasses. A series of glasses with varying Al2O3/Fe2O3 content were synthesized in the system 25Na2O–(25–x) Al2O3xFe2O3–50SiO2 (x varies between 0 and 5 mol%) through melt‐quench technique. A systematic set of experiments were performed to elucidate the influence of iron speciation (Fe2+/Fe3+) on the crystallization kinetics of these glasses including: (1) obtaining the details of nonisothermal crystallization kinetics by differential scanning calorimetry, (2) determining the influence of heat treatment on the structure and iron coordination in glasses by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and wet chemistry, and (3) following the crystalline phase evolution in glasses in air and inert environments by X‐ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The crystallization of two polymorphs of NaAlSiO4—carnegieite (orthorhombic) and nepheline (hexagonal)—was observed in all the glasses, wherein the incorporation of iron promotes the formation of nepheline over carnegieite while shifting the crystallization mechanism from surface to volume. The influence of environment (air versus inert) and iron content on the crystallization kinetics of these glasses is contextualized from the perspective of the devitrification problem usually observed in sodium‐ and alumina‐rich high level nuclear waste glasses.  相似文献   

5.
《Ceramics International》2023,49(7):10652-10662
Transparent glass-ceramics containing eucryptite and nepheline crystalline phases were prepared from alkali (Li, Na) aluminosilicate glasses with various mole substitutions of Al2O3 for SiO2. The relationships between glass network structure and crystallization behavior of Li2O–Na2O–Al2O3–SiO2 (LNAS) glasses were investigated. It was found that the crystallization of the eucryptite and nepheline in LNAS glasses significantly depended on the concentration of Al2O3. LNAS glasses with the addition of Al2O3 from 16 to 18 mol% exhibited increasing Q4 (mAl) structural units confirmed by NMR and Raman spectroscopy, which promoted the formation of eucryptite and nepheline crystalline phases. With the Al2O3 content increasing to 19–20 mol%, the formation of highly disordered (Li, Na)3PO4 phase which can serve as nucleation sites was inhibited and the crystallization mechanism of glass became surface crystallization. Glass-ceramics containing 18 mol% Al2O3 showed high transparency ~84% at 550 nm. Moreover, the microhardness, elastic modulus and fracture toughness are 8.56 GPa, 95.7 GPa and 0.78 MPa m1/2 respectively. The transparent glass-ceramics with good mechanical properties show high potential in the applications of protective cover of displays.  相似文献   

6.
We examine the impact of the glass network-modifier cation field strength (CFS) on ion irradiation-induced mechanical property changes in borosilicate (BS) glasses for the ternary M2O–B2O3–SiO2 systems with M = {Na, K, Rb} and the quaternary [0.5M(2)O–0.5Na2O]–B2O3–SiO2 systems with M = {Li, Na, K, Rb Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba}. 11B nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments on the as-prepared BS glasses yielded the fractional population of four-coordinated B species (B[4]) out of all {B[3], B[4]} groups in the glass network, along with the fraction of B[4]–O–Si linkages out of all B[4]–O–Si/B bonds. Both parameters correlated linearly with the (average) CFS of the M+ and/or {M(2)+, Na+} cations. Both the nanoindentation-derived hardness and Young's modulus values of the glasses reduced upon their irradiation by Si2+ ions, with the property deterioration decreasing linearly with increasing Mz+ CFS, that is, for higher Mz+⋅⋅⋅O interaction strength. The irradiation damage of the glass network also increased linearly with the fraction of B[4]–O–Si linkages, which are the second weakest in the structure after the Mz+⋅⋅⋅O bonds. Our results underscore the advantages of employing BS glasses with high-CFS cations for enhancing the radiation resistance for nuclear waste storage.  相似文献   

7.
Barium sodium borosilicate glasses containing different amounts of uranium oxides were prepared by conventional melt quench method and investigated for their structural aspects by 29Si and 11B MAS NMR technique combined with steady‐state luminescence and lifetime measurements. Based on MAS NMR studies, it is confirmed that uranium ions act as network modifier up to 15 wt% and beyond which a separate uranium containing phase is formed. From the luminescence studies, it is inferred that uranyl species is in a highly distorted environment. For more than 15 wt% uranium oxide incorporation, weaker U–O–U linkages are formed at the expense stronger U–O–Si/B linkages, as suggested by the excited state lifetime value of the uranyl species as well as red shift in emission peak maximum. For glass samples containing more than 25 wt% uranium oxides, crystalline barium uranium silicate gets phase separated from glass matrix as confirmed by XRD studies.  相似文献   

8.
《Ceramics International》2016,42(13):14700-14709
Two bioactive glasses with different chemical compositions (mol%) 46.2SiO2–26.9CaO–24.3Na2O–2.6P2O5 (45S5) and 40SiO2–54CaO–6P2O5 (A2) were synthesized by the use of sol–gel and melt–quenching techniques. The effect of synthesis method on glass structure was investigated using X-ray diffraction, FTIR, Raman, XPS, 29Si and 31P MAS–NMR spectroscopic methods. The results show that the synthesis route has significant influence on the glass structure. Both melt–derived A2 and 45S5 glasses exhibit fully amorphous structure, while gel–derived ones, stabilised at 700 °C, reveal the presence of crystalline silicate and phosphate phases. Gel–derived glasses exhibit more polymerized structure compared to melt–quenched ones. Phosphorus is present in the orthophosphate type environment (Q0) together with some pyrophosphate (Q1) species and it does not take part in the formation of Si–O–P bonds. This indicates that phosphorus acts as a glass structure modifier and forms phosphate-rich phase separated from a silica-rich one. The theoretically predicted network connectivity is consistent with the experimental determination only for melt–derived glasses, assuming silicon as the only network former.  相似文献   

9.
《应用陶瓷进展》2013,112(6):277-281
Abstract

Transparent glasses were prepared from processed nepheline syenite–magnesite mixtures. Incorporation of TiO2 in the base glasses changes the glass colour from white to amber or dark brown. Translucent porcelainous glass ceramics with white, creamy and a variety of bluish colorations were obtained in glasses containing non-magnetic nepheline syenite. However, dark marblelike glass ceramics were developed in glasses containing middling and tailing nepheline syenite. Aluminium diopside [Ca(Mg,Al)(Si,Al)2O6], nepheline, forsterite, magnesium titanate MgTi2O5 and hematite were developed by heat treatment of these glasses. SEM micrographs tend to show fine and uniform bulk with increasing Fe2O3 contents in the parent glass ceramic samples, however addition of TiO2 enhances nucleation and the microstructure becomes of evenly good uniform fine structure in the sample with lowest iron content.  相似文献   

10.
Single oxides of Ti and Zr incorporated SBA-15 were prepared and characterized by N2 adsorption, NMR, and XPS techniques. 29Si MAS NMR results suggest the formation of Si–O–X linkages (X: Ti or Zr) by an increase in the ratio of Q 3/Q 4 in the presence of Ti or Zr. XPS analysis of Ti–SBA-15 catalysts indicate the presence of Ti–O–Si bonds in addition to Ti–O–Ti and Si–O–Si bonds, supporting the NMR evidence.  相似文献   

11.
Mixed oxide compounds of potential usefulness for fibre coatings (hexagonal celsian, BaAl2Si2O8 and lanthanum hexaluminate, LaAl11O18) were prepared by hybrid sol–gel synthesis and their thermal crystallisation was monitored by thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction and multinuclear solid state MAS NMR. Both the gels convert to the crystalline phase below about 1200°C, via amorphous intermediates in which the Al shows an NMR resonance at 36–38 ppm sometimes ascribed to Al in five-fold coordination. Additional information about the structural changes during thermal treatment was provided by 29Si and 137Ba MAS NMR spectroscopy, showing that the feldspar framework of celsian begins to be established by about 500°C but the Ba is still moving into its polyhedral lattice sites about 400°C after the sluggish onset of crystallization. Lanthanum hexaluminate crystallises sharply at 1230°C via γ-Al2O3.  相似文献   

12.
The effects of adding Nb2O5 on the physical properties and glass structure of two glass series derived from the 45S5 Bioglass® have been studied. The multinuclear 29Si, 31P, and 23Na solid‐state MAS NMR spectra of the glasses, Raman spectroscopy and the determination of some physical properties have generated insight into the structure of the glasses. The 29Si MAS NMR spectra suggest that Nb5+ ions create cross‐links between several oxygen sites, breaking Si–O–Si bonds to form a range of polyhedra [Nb(OM)6?y(OSi)y], where 1 ≤ y ≤ 5 and M = Na, Ca, or P. The Raman spectra show that the Nb–O–P bonds would occur in the terminal sites. Adding Nb2O5 significantly increases the density and the stability against devitrification, as indicated by ΔT(Tx ? Tg). Bioglass particle dispersions prepared by incorporating up to 1.3 mol% Nb2O5 by replacing P2O5 or up to 1.0 mol% Nb2O5 by replacing SiO2 in 45S5 Bioglass® using deionized water or solutions buffered with HEPES showed a significant increase in the pH during the early steps of the reaction, compared using the rate and magnitude during the earliest stages of BG45S5 dissolution.  相似文献   

13.
The effect of the average ionic potential ξ = Ze/r of the network modifier cations on crack initiation resistance (CR) and Young's modulus E has been measured for a series of alkaline-earth aluminoborosilicate glasses with the compositions 60SiO2–10Al2O3–10B2O3–(20−x)M(2)O–xM’O (0 ≤ x ≤ 20; M, M’ = Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Na). Systematic trends indicating an increase of CR with increasing ionic potential, ξ, have been correlated with structural properties deduced from the NMR interaction parameters in 29Si, 27Al, 23Na, and 11B solid state NMR. 27Al NMR spectra indicate that the aluminum atoms in these glasses are essentially all four-coordinated, however, the average quadrupolar coupling constant <CQ> extracted from lineshape analysis increases linearly with increasing average ion potential computed from the cation composition. A similar linear correlation is observed for the average 29Si chemical shift, whereas the fraction of four-coordinate boron decreases linearly with increasing ξ. Altogether the results indicate that in pure alkaline-earth boroaluminosilicate glasses the crack resistance/E-modulus trade-off can be tailored by the alkaline-earth oxide inventory. In contrast, the situation looks more complicated in glasses containing both Na2O and the alkaline-earth oxides MgO, CaO, SrO, and BaO. For 60SiO2–10Al2O3–10B2O3–10MgO–10Na2O glass, the NMR parameters, interpreted in the context of their correlations with ionic potentials, are consistent with a partial network former role of the MgO component, enhancing crack resistance. Altogether the presence of MgO in aluminoborosilicate glasses helps overcome the trade-off issue between high crack resistance and high elasticity modulus present in borosilicate glasses, thereby offering additional opportunities for the design of glasses that are both very rigid and very crack resistant.  相似文献   

14.
《Ceramics International》2019,45(11):13692-13700
Glass ceramics with different Al/Na molar ratio from blast furnace slag were prepared using conventional melting-casting method. The structure and properties of glasses or glass ceramics were investigated by DSC, Raman, MAS NMR, XRD, and SEM. The DSC results indicated that the thermal stability (ΔT = Tc-Tg) and crystallization temperature (Tc) of the parent glass firstly increased and then decreased when Al/Na exceeded 1.21. The Raman and 27Al MAS NMR spectra analysis revealed that [AlO6] increased positively with Al2O3/Na2O. The calculation of Qn ([SiO4] units with bridging oxygen atoms number of n) suggested an obvious decline of (Q0+Q2)/(Q1+Q3) and that [SiO4] mainly existed in the form of Q1 when Al/Na exceeded 1.21, which accorded closely with Tc variation. The crystallization results determined by XRD showed that as Al/Na increased, the main crystal phase was transformed from akermanite to gehlenite and nepheline disappeared. Glass ceramics with Al/Na of 1.48 nucleated at 780 °C for 2 h and crystallized at 880 °C for 3 h exhibited the maximum value of flexural strength. Orthogonal experiment (L9(34)) were carried out to investigated the optimum heat treatment of glass ceramics with a Al/Na of 1.48. The analyses indicated that nucleation time variation has little influence on the flexural strength, and the optimum heat treatment was determined as 760 °C – 1 h–900 °C – 1 h and the flexural strength was characterized as 81.310 MPa.  相似文献   

15.
The effects of SiO2 and K2O were investigated on the glass forming ability (GFA) and structural characteristics of CaOTiO2P2O5 system. Differential thermal analyzer (DTA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), FT-IR and 31P magic angle spinning NMR methods were applied for characterizations of the system.Unwanted crystallization in the initial three components base glass composition was observed by adding SiO2 and crystalline phases such as TiP2O7, rutile (TiO2) and cristobalite (SiO2) were formed in it.The results showed that K2O prevents crystallization of glasses and promotes the formation of glass. FT-IR and X-ray diffraction showed that the addition of K2O caused the formation of phosphate–silicate network as POSi, and formation of isolated droplet phases (rich of Si and P) separated from the phosphate matrix.The optimum amounts of SiO2 and K2O in phosphate structure were respectively 6 and 2 wt.%, 0 in accordance with glass forming ability (GFA) parameters. Despite addition of SiO2 along with K2O; the 31P MAS NMR and infrared spectrums of glasses show that no Q2 sites were in the phosphate network. The Q1 and the pyrophosphate groups was the predominant structural unit in these glasses.  相似文献   

16.
Borates and borosilicates are potential candidates for the design and development of glass formulations with important industrial and technological applications. A major challenge that retards the pace of development of borate/borosilicate based glasses using predictive modeling is the lack of reliable computational models to predict the structure-property relationships in these glasses over a wide compositional space. A major hindrance in this pursuit has been the complexity of boron-oxygen bonding due to which it has been difficult to develop adequate B–O interatomic potentials. In this article, we have evaluated the performance of three B–O interatomic potential models recently developed by Bauchy et al [J. Non-Cryst. Solids, 2018, 498, 294–304], Du et al [J. Am. Ceram. Soc. https://doi.org/10.1111/jace.16082 ] and Edèn et al [Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2018, 20, 8192–8209] aiming to reproduce the short-to-medium range structures of sodium borosilicate glasses in the system 25 Na2O x B2O3 (75 − x) SiO2 (x = 0-75 mol%). To evaluate the different force fields, we have computed at the density functional theory level the NMR parameters of 11B, 23Na, and 29Si of the models generated with the three potentials and the simulated MAS NMR spectra compared with the experimental counterparts. It was observed that the rigid ionic models proposed by Bauchy and Du can both reliably reproduce the partitioning between BO3 and BO4 species of the investigated glasses, along with the local environment around sodium in the glass structure. However, they do not accurately reproduce the second coordination sphere of silicon ions and the Si–O–T (T = Si, B) and B-O-T distribution angles in the investigated compositional space which strongly affect the NMR parameters and final spectral shape. On the other hand, the core-shell parameterization model proposed by Edén underestimates the fraction of BO4 species of the glass with composition 25Na2O 18.4B2O3 56.6SiO2 but can accurately reproduce the shape of the 11B and 29Si MAS-NMR spectra of the glasses investigations due to the narrower B–O–T and Si-O-T bond angle distributions. Finally, the effect of the number of boron atoms (also distinguishing the BO3 and BO4 units) in the second coordination sphere of the network former cations on the NMR parameters have been evaluated.  相似文献   

17.
High-alumina high-level waste (HLW) glasses are prone to nepheline precipitation during canister-centerline cooling (CCC). If sufficient nepheline forms, the chemical durability of the glass will be significantly impacted. Overly conservative constraints have been developed and used to avoid the deleterious effects of nepheline formation in U.S. HLW glasses. The constraints used have been shown to significantly limit the loading of waste in glass at Hanford and therefore the cost and schedule of cleanup. A 90-glass study was performed to develop an improved understanding of the impacts of glass composition on the formation of nepheline during CCC. The CCC crystallinity data from these glasses were combined with 657 glasses found in the literature. The trends showed significant effects of Na2O, Al2O3, SiO2, B2O3, CaO, Li2O, and potentially K2O on the propensity for nepheline formation. A pseudo-ternary submixture model was proposed to identify the glass composition region prone to nepheline precipitation. This pseudo-ternary with axes of SiO2 + 1.98B2O3, Na2O + 0.653Li2O + 0.158CaO, and Al2O3 was found to divide glasses that precipitate nepheline during CCC from those that do not. Application of this constraint is anticipated to increase the loading of Hanford high-alumina HLWs in glass by roughly one-third.  相似文献   

18.
To design suitable mold fluxes for the casting of high‐Al steels, the structure of mold fluxes based on CaO–SiO2, CaO–SiO2–Al2O3, and CaO–Al2O3 was examined by Raman spectroscopy and magic‐angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance. The results showed that Si atoms are replaced by Al atoms as the network formers with the increase in Al2O3 in the mold fluxes. This converts the silicate slags (CaO–SiO2 mold fluxes) into aluminosilicates slags (CaO–SiO2–Al2O3 or CaO–Al2O3 mold fluxes). The F? ions in the mold flux containing Al2O3 are classified into three categories, according to function: Bridging F's, Nonbridging F's, and Free‐F's. The Al3+ ion holds three distinct coordination environments: IVAl, VAl, and VIAl. The addition of F affects the coordination environment of Al3+ to form AlO3F and AlO2F2 that accommodate the network structure of slags. The network structure in the CaO–SiO2 mold fluxes is mainly connected through Si–O–Si linkage. However, the network structure of the mold fluxes containing elevated content of Al2O3 is mainly connected through Si–O–Si, Al–O–Al, Al–O–Si, and Al–F–Al linkages. Hence, the structural characteristics of high‐Al steels mold fluxes must be considered during the designing step of the mold fluxes.  相似文献   

19.
The glass network structure governs various thermos‐physical properties such as viscosity, thermal, and electrical conductivities, and crystallization kinetics. We investigated the effect of temperature on structural changes in a Na2O‐CaO‐Al2O3‐SiO2‐B2O3 glass system using 27Al MAS NMR spectroscopy. Around the glass transition temperature, most of aluminate structures exist as AlO4, acting as a glass former. When the temperature is above the melt crystallization temperature, the AlO4 structure is drastically decreased and glass structures are mainly composed of AlO5 and AlO6, acting as glass modifiers. Thermodynamic assessment based on Gibbs energy minimization was used to confirm the dependency of aluminate structure's amphoteric characteristic on temperature by calculating the site fraction of aluminate molecular structures at different temperatures. Temperature‐induced aluminate structural variation can also influence silicate and borate structural changes, which have been confirmed by the 29Si and 11B NMR spectra.  相似文献   

20.
The structure and properties of polymer‐derived Si–(B–)O–C glasses have been shown to be significantly influenced by the boron content and pyrolysis temperature. This work determined the impact of these two parameters on the thermodynamic stability of these glasses. High‐temperature oxide melt solution calorimetry was performed on a series of amorphous samples, with varying boron contents (0–7.7 at.%), obtained by pyrolysis of precursors made by a sol–gel technique. Thermodynamic analysis of the calorimetric results demonstrated that at a constant pyrolysis temperature, adding boron makes the materials energetically less stable. While the B‐containing glasses pyrolyzed at 1000°C were energetically less stable than the competitive crystalline components, increasing the pyrolysis temperature to 1200°C led to their enthalpic stability. 29Si and 11B MAS nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy measurements on selected samples confirmed a decrease in the concentrations of mixed Si‐centered SOiC4?i and B‐centered BOjC3?j bonds at the expense of formation of SiO4 and B(OSi)3 species (indicating a tendency toward phase separation) when the boron content and pyrolysis temperature increased. In light of the findings from calorimetry and NMR spectroscopy, we propose a structure–energetic relationship in Si–(B–)O–C glasses.  相似文献   

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