静电纺间位芳纶纳米纤维的制备工艺参数

通过静电纺丝方法,将氯化锂/N,N–二甲基乙酰胺(Li Cl/DMAc)溶解间位芳纶(PMIA)制备了PMIA纳米纤维,探索了溶液浓度、接收距离、纺丝电压及接收速度等工艺参数对纤维形貌及其直径分布的影响。通过扫描电子显微镜观察了PMIA纳米纤维形貌及应用Image-J软件测量统计了PMIA纤维直径。结果表明,溶液浓度为8%~10%、纺丝电压为16~18 k V、接收距离为15~20 cm,接收速度60~80 r/min的范围内,间位芳纶纳米纤维成型良好,直径分布范围为100~120 nm;PMIA纳米纤维直径随着溶液浓度的减小、静电电压的增加而减小,随着接收速度的增加纤维取向增加。     

静电纺丝工艺对二醋酸纤维素纳米纤维形貌及直径的影响

以质量比为2∶1的丙酮/N,N-二甲基乙酰胺混合溶液为溶剂配制二醋酸纤维素(CA)溶液,采用静电纺丝制备CA纳米纤维,探讨了CA浓度、纺丝电压、接收距离和溶液推进速度等工艺条件对CA纳米纤维形貌、直径及其分布的影响。结果表明:CA纳米纤维的直径随CA浓度增加而增大,随纺丝电压增大而减小;适当的接收距离和溶液推进速度可以获得直径较小且分布均匀的纤维;当CA质量分数为11%、纺丝电压为30 k V、接收距离为15 cm、溶液推进速度为0.010 m L/min时,纺丝效果好,纤维平均直径约130 nm,且直径分布较均匀。     

工艺参数对PLA/CA复合纳米纤维形貌与直径的影响

为探究工艺参数对聚乳酸(PLA)/乙酸纤维素(CA)复合纳米纤维膜的影响,通过改变溶液质量分数、PLA与CA质量比、纺丝电压、供液速度、收集距离和辊筒转速等工艺参数,优化试验条件,确定最佳工艺参数。采用场发射扫描电镜观察复合纳米纤维膜的形貌,并使用Nano Measurer 1.2软件对纤维直径分布情况进行分析统计。结果表明,在PLA质量分数为12%、PLA与CA质量比为8∶2、纺丝电压为18 k V、注射泵供液速度为0.6 mL/h、收集距离为18 cm、辊筒转速为600 r/min的条件下,制备的PLA/CA纳米纤维形貌良好、分布均匀,平均直径为310.8 nm。     

磁场辅助静电纺PAN纳米纤维有序度的研究

采用磁场辅助静电纺丝法制备了有序聚丙烯腈(PAN)纳米纤维,分析了PAN/二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)溶液浓度、纺丝电压、注射速度、磁铁间距和溶剂DMF及DMF与二甲基亚砜(DMSO)混合溶剂等因素对PAN纤维有序度的影响。结果表明:随着PAN/DMF溶液中PAN浓度增大,PAN纤维有序度逐渐增大;注射速度对纤维有序度影响不明显;随着纺丝电压和磁铁间距增大,PAN纤维有序度先增大后减小;DMSO的加入,使溶液可纺性降低,不利于纤维有序排列;对于PAN/DMF溶液体系,适宜的磁场辅助静电纺丝的工艺参数为PAN质量分数12%,纺丝距离12 cm,电压14 k V,注射速度0.5 m L/h,磁铁间距2.5 cm,纺丝得到的PAN纳米纤维的有序度为92%。     

PVA静电纺丝工艺优化研究

以聚乙烯醇(PVA)为原料、去离子水为溶剂,通过静电纺丝制备PVA纳米纤维膜,利用正交实验探讨静电纺丝过程中纺丝液PVA浓度、纺丝距离、纺丝电压和注射速度对PVA纳米纤维膜形貌及纤维直径的影响,得出制备纤维膜的较佳工艺条件,并分析了纺丝液PVA浓度对纤维膜的力学性能和亲水性能的影响。结果表明：随着纺丝液PVA浓度的增加,PVA纤维的直径逐步变小,直径分布变窄;当纺丝液PVA质量分数为7%、纺丝电压为14 kV、纺丝距离为14 cm、注射速度为0.5 mL/h时,纤维膜的纤维直径最小,为203 nm;正交实验中PVA浓度、纺丝电压、纺丝距离、注射速度4个因素的极差值分别为87.00,49.67,18.33,11.67;纺丝液PVA质量分数从5%增加到7%,纤维膜的断裂强度从2.21 MPa提高至2.81 MPa,断裂伸长率从31.63%提高至56.39%,水接触角从37.7°提高至48.7°。     

静电纺抗紫外PVA/芦丁纳米纤维膜的制备及其性能研究

以聚乙烯醇(PVA)为原料,以芦丁为改性剂,将PVA与芦丁共混于去离子水中,通过静电纺丝制备抗紫外PVA/芦丁纳米纤维膜,并对其性能进行表征。结果表明:静电纺丝工艺条件为电压20 k V,纺丝速度0.5 m L/h,接收距离10 cm,温度30℃;加入少量芦丁,对PVA静电纺丝成纤性无影响,但纤维直径增大,直径均匀性变差;纤维中PVA与芦丁之间存在氢键;相对PVA,芦丁质量分数为4.76%时,PVA/芦丁纳米纤维膜的纤维平均直径为302 nm,抗紫外系数大于40,具有良好的抗紫外性能。     

生物高分子明胶纳米纤维膜的制备及其应用

利用电纺丝技术制备了明胶纳米纤维,系统考察了溶液浓度、电场强度、纺丝距离、喷丝口内径4种因素对纤维膜的形貌以及平均直径的影响;在此基础上,制备了具有较好力学性能的明胶-聚乙烯醇/溶菌酶复合纳米纤维膜,考察了其药物释放性能.结果表明,在上述几种工艺因素中,明胶的浓度对明胶纳米纤维的可纺性以及直径影响较大,当溶液浓度在7%-23%之间能获得连续纤维,并随着浓度的增大,纤维直径也随之增大.纺丝距离10cm、纺丝电压12.5kV是实验中获得连续纤维的临界工艺条件.药物释放结果发现明胶-聚乙烯醇复合纳米纤维膜对溶菌酶的释放具有一定的缓释效果.     

电极丝静电纺制备聚酰胺纳米纤维膜

利用无针头电极丝式静电纺丝机制备聚酰胺(PA6)纳米纤维膜材料。研究了静电纺工艺条件对PA6纳米纤维膜形貌及直径的影响,探讨了纤维膜力学性能与直径的关系。结果表明,电极丝静电纺丝装置能高效制备光滑、连续、均匀的纳米纤维膜;纤维直径与纺丝液质量分数呈正比关系,质量分数在12%左右时静电纺丝效果最好;当电压为70 k V时,纤维直径最小且分布较集中;接收距离的增加改善纤维直径的均匀性;直径的减小提高膜断裂强度的同时也降低伸长率。     

静电纺丝法制备PVDF纳米纤维

静电纺丝法是聚合物溶液或熔体在静电作用下进行喷射拉伸而获得纳米级纤维的纺丝方法。聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)具有优异的压电性能,而通过静电纺丝技术制得的聚偏氟乙烯静电纺丝膜具有高孔隙率、轻薄柔韧、透气性好等优点从而广泛应用在传感材料、电池隔膜和生物材料等领域。为了研究最适纺丝工艺,本文通过调节不同的纺丝电压、聚合物溶液浓度以及N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)和四氢呋喃(THF)的溶剂配比,利用静电纺丝的方法制备PVDF纳米纤维,并使用扫描电镜对纤维的微观形貌表征,以及乌式黏度计对纺丝液黏度进行测试。结果表明:当纺丝液浓度为10%PVDF,混合溶剂配比为DMF∶THF为60∶40,纺丝电压为15 kV时,电纺的PVDF纤维膜直径分布均匀,具有良好的微观形貌,并且孔隙率高。     

气隙长度和纺丝速度对Lyocell纤维性能的影响

本文详细探讨了以NMMO作溶剂时,纤维素溶液纺丝工艺的三个重要工艺参数──气隙长度、纺丝速度和拉伸比对Lyocell纤维性能的影响。本文以大量的实验数据表明:随着气隙长度的增加,纤维的强度和伸长都有所增加;随着纺丝速度的提高,纤维的伸长减少,初始模量增大,而纤维的强度则随纺丝速度的提高而增加到一峰值后,再下降,强度最大时纺丝速度约为50m/min;在泵供量相同的条件下,拉伸比对纤维性能的影响同纺丝速度对纤维性能影响的趋势相同。     

静电纺PCL纤维形态与热性能的研究

利用静电纺丝法制备了超细聚ε-己内酯(PCL)纤维;借助扫描电镜仪和差示扫描量热仪表征了PCL纤维的形态与热性能;研究了电纺过程中溶液浓度、电压、接收距离和纺丝速度对纤维形态的影响。结果表明:当纺丝电压为10 kV,接收距离为15 cm,纺丝速度为2 mL/min时,纺丝液中PCL质量分数为6%~12%能获得连续无串珠的纤维;纺丝电压为8~12 kV,电纺过程稳定;接收距离对纤维的直径和形貌无明显影响;与流延成型的PCL膜相比,电纺PCL纤维具有较低的结晶度。     

Optimization of the electrospinning conditions for preparation of nanofibers from polyvinylacetate (PVAc) in ethanol solvent

In order to fabricate polyvinylacetate (PVAc) fiber by electrospinning, we have been examined electrospun polyvinylacetate (PVAc) under various conditions after dissolving it in ethanol solution. As the concentration of spinning solution increased, the diameter of the electrospun PVAc fiber increased. At the concentration lower than 10 wt.%, beads were formed while over the 25 wt.%, distinct fiber was not observed. At the tip-collector distance (TCD) of 7.5 cm or less, the jet of spinning solution was unstable and the fiber diameter decreased. On the other hand, at the TCD of 10 cm or more, the strength of electric field became too weak and the fiber diameter increased. As the flow rate of spinning solution increased, the fiber diameter increased and at the flow rate of 300 μl/min or more, it increased sharply. For 15 wt.% PVAc, the fiber diameter decreased as the applied voltage increased. At a high-applied voltage, however, charge acceleration caused the spinning solution not to be separated and thus the fiber diameter increased. As a result of dissolving PVAc in ethanol and electrospinning it in the following conditions, a fiber with the diameter of about 700 nm was spun: the concentration of 15 wt.%, the TCD of 10 cm, the spinning solution flow rate of 100 μl/min, and the applied voltage of 15 kV.     

Assessment of parameters influencing fiber characteristics of chitosan nanofiber membrane to optimize fiber mat production

Electrospun chitosan nanofiber mats have been obtained using chitosan solutions in a mixture of trifluoroacetic acid and dichloromethane. The relationship between processing parameters (solvent composition, polymer concentration in the solution, feeding rate, applied voltage, traveling distance between the needle, and the collector) and fiber morphology was studied. Taguchi's methodology was followed to determine which parameters have the strongest influence on mean fiber diameter and fiber homogeneity. Chitosan nanofibers obtained with this procedure were water soluble due to the protonation of amine side groups but were successfully neutralized by immersion in calcium carbonate solutions. It was established that fiber diameter is mainly determined by the solution concentration and the distance from the needle to the collector while other parameters have less influence. The set of parameters that produce the thinnest fibers were a concentration of 8 wt%, a TFA/DCM ratio of 80:20 (v/v%), a voltage of 30 kV, a flow rate of 6.0 mL/h, a gap distance of 10 cm, using a needle diameter of 0.5, allowing to produce randomly oriented mats with a mean fiber thickness of 66 nm. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2012. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Electrospinning of polycarbonate urethane biomaterials

Polycarbonate urethane (PCU) nano-fibers were fabricated via electrospinning using N,N- dimethylformamide (DMF) and tetrahydrofuran (THF) as the mixed solvent. The effect of volume ratios of DMF and THF in the mixed solvent on the fiber structures was investigated. The results show that nano-fibers with a narrow diameter distribution and a few defects were obtained when mixed solvent with the appropriate volume ratio of DMF and THF as 1∶1. When the proportion of DMF was more than 75% in the mixed solvent, it was easy to form many beaded fibers. The applied voltage in the electrospinning process has a significant influence on the morphology of fibers. When the electric voltage was set between 22 and 32 kV, the average diameters of the fibers were found between 420 and 570 nm. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed that fiber diameter and structural morphology of the electrospun PCU membranes are a function of the polymer solution concentration. When the concentration of PCU solution was 6.0 wt-%, a beaded-fiber microstructure was obtained. With increasing the concentration of PCU solutions above 6.0 wt-%, beaded fiber decreased and finally disappeared. However, when the PCU concentration was over 14.0 wt-%, the average diameter of fibers became large, closed to 2 μm, because of the high solution viscosity. The average diameter of nanofibers increased linearly with increasing the volume flow rate of the PCU solution (10.0 wt-%) when the applied voltage was 24 kV. The results show that the morphology of PCU fibers could be controlled by electrospinning parameters, such as solution concentration, electric voltage and flow rate.     

熔体微分静电纺PBAT纤维膜的制备工艺研究

探究了聚己二酸对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯（PBAT）熔体静电纺性能,并研究了熔体微分静电纺工艺参数与PBAT纤维性能之间的关系。结果表明,随着纺丝温度的升高,纤维直径减小,纤维直径分布呈先减小后增大的趋势;随着纺丝电压的升高,纤维直径减小且分布均匀,纤维膜力学性能逐渐提高;当纺丝距离为9 cm,纺丝温度为260 ℃,纺丝电压为45 kV时,制备的纤维细度及均匀度最佳,其直径为4.31 μm,直径分布标准差为0.76,纤维膜拉伸强度为9.9 MPa、断裂伸长率为111.2 %。     

Morphology of electrospun nylon‐6 nanofibers as a function of molecular weight and processing parameters

In the present study, the morphology and mechanical properties of nylon‐6 nanofibers were investigated as a function of molecular weight (30,000, 50,000, and 63,000 g/mol) and electrospinning process conditions (solution concentration, voltage, tip‐to‐collector distance, and flow rate). Scanning electron micrographs (SEM) of nylon‐6 nanofibers showed that the diameter of the electrospun fiber increased with increasing molecular weight and solution concentration. An increase in molecular weight increases the density of chain entanglements (in solution) at the same polymer concentration; hence, the minimum concentration to produce nanofibers was lower for the highest molecular weight nylon‐6. The morphology of electrospun fibers also depended on tip‐to‐collector distance and applied voltage concentration of polymer solution as observed from the SEM images. Trends in fiber diameter and diameter distribution are discussed for each processing variable. Mechanical properties of electrospun nonwoven mats showed an increase in tensile strength and modulus as a function of increasing molecular weight. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008     

熔体电纺聚乳酸可控结构成型工艺初探

采用自主设计的实验装置,在三维可控运动辅助下利用熔体静电纺丝技术,制备了有序聚乳酸纤维。研究了喷头运动速度、电压、接收距离及进料速度对电纺纤维直径和沉积特点的影响。结果表明,随着喷头速度、电压的增加,以及电压与接收距离同时增加,纤维直径相应减小;随着进料速度、接收距离的增加,纤维直径增大;且当喷头运动速度为1 000 mm/min,电压2 k V,接收距离10 mm,进料螺杆速度20 r/min时,纤维可控沉积性最佳。获得连续均一的二维拓扑网格结构。     

静电纺丝制备聚己内酯载药纤维工艺参数研究

选用聚己内酯作为载体材料、5–氟尿嘧啶作为承载药物,研究了静电纺丝过程中纺丝液浓度、纺丝电压及收集距离对纤维直径的影响,对制备的聚己内酯载药纤维膜进行元素检测分析及力学性能测试,通过体外药物释放实验,验证了聚己内酯载药纤维膜药物控释的效果。结果表明,随着纺丝液的浓度和收集距离增加,纤维的平均直径增大;随着纺丝电压增加,纤维的平均直径减小。通过元素检测,验证了聚己内酯纤维膜内5–氟尿嘧啶的存在。在纺丝液浓度0.4 g/mL、纺丝电压10 kV、收集距离20 cm、载药量0.8 g的情况下,聚己内酯载药纤维膜纤维平均直径最小,达到13.92μm,对应的拉伸强度为2.88 MPa。使用磷酸缓冲盐溶液模拟体液,在温度(37±0.5)℃下进行了体外释药实验,结果表明,该纤维膜在1000 h内,可以实现药物的控制释放。为确定静电纺丝法制备聚己内酯载药纤维膜工艺参数提供了有益借鉴,并为下一步优化工艺参数奠定了基础。     

Fabrication of continuous nanofiber yarn using novel multi‐nozzle bubble electrospinning

A novel multi‐nozzle bubble electrospinning apparatus, including spinning unit, metering pump, constant flow pump, metal funnel and yarn winder, was designed for the preparation of continuous twisted polyacrylonitrile nanofiber yarns, and the principle of nanofiber yarn spinning was studied. An innovative spinning unit consisting of nozzle and air chamber was used to improve the production of nanofibers. Double conjugate electrospinning was developed using two pairs of oppositely charged spinning units to neutralize the charges. The effects of applied voltage, air flow rate, overall solution flow rate and funnel rotary speed on the fiber diameter, production rate and mechanical properties of the nanofiber yarns were analyzed. Nanofibers could be aggregated stably and bundled continuously, then twisted into nanofiber yarns uniformly at an applied voltage of 34 kV, air flow rate of 1200 mL min^?1 and overall solution flow rate of 32 mL h^?1. With an increase in the funnel rotary speed, the twist angle of the nanofiber yarns gradually increased when the take‐up speed was constant. The yarn tensile strength and elongation at break showed an increasing trend with increasing twist angle. Nanofiber yarns obtained using this novel method could be produced at a rate from 2.189 to 3.227 g h^?1 with yarn diameters ranging from 200 to 386 µm. Nanofiber yarns with a twist angle of 49.7° showed a tensile strength of 0.592 cN dtex^?1 and an elongation at break of 65.7%. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry     

聚乙烯醇静电纺丝纳米纤维的制备及形貌研究

利用静电纺丝技术制备聚乙烯醇（PVA）纳米纤维材料,通过正交试验调节制备过程中纺丝电压、纺丝距离和纺丝溶液浓度等工艺参数,探究其对PVA纳米纤维直径大小、直径分布以及纤维形貌的影响。结果表明,影响纳米纤维形貌的主要因素排序是纺丝溶液浓度＞纺丝距离＞纺丝电压,并确定最优水平组合为纺丝电压为20 kV,PVA纺丝溶液浓度为6 %(质量分数,下同),纺丝距离为12 cm。