聚醚醚酮共混改性研究进展

综述了聚醚醚酮（PEEK）、聚醚酰亚胺（PEI）、聚四氟乙烯（PTFE）、热致液晶（TLCP）和聚醚砜（PES）等高性能工程塑料的共混改性研究进展,详细探讨了各种PEEK共混物的相容性、结晶行为、微观结构、热行为和力学性能等性能特征。PEEK与PEI在熔融和无定形状态下完全相容,常用于PEEK的结晶行为和微观结构的基础研究;与PTFE、TLCP、PES共混分别是提高PEEK的摩擦磨损性能、加工性能和热稳定性的有效手段。各种共混物的相容性好坏对其结晶行为和微观结构有重要影响,从而影响了共混物的力学性能。在此基础上,对PEEK共混改性领域进一步的研究方向和内容进行了讨论。     

HYBRAR对PP结晶形态和性能的影响

采用熔融共混法制备了聚丙烯（PP）和两种牌号的高性能热塑性弹性体HYBRAR的共混物。通过观察共混物的结晶形态，研究共混物结晶性能以及测试共混物的透光率，结果表明：加入HYBRAR后，PP的主要晶型（α晶）不变，结晶温度升高，同时结晶尺寸变小，结晶度显著提高；PP／HYBRAR7125共混体系的结晶速率呈现不规律变化，而PP／HYBRAR7311体系则先降低再升高；加入HYBRAR后，PP的透光率明显提高。     

聚乙烯醇/马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯共混物的热行为研究

采用熔融共混法制备了一种聚乙烯醇(PVA)/马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯(PP-g-MAH)共混物膜,通过差示扫描量热仪研究了共混物膜的结晶和熔融行为。结果表明,随着共混物中PP-g-MAH含量（不超过50 %）的增加,PVA相的结晶和熔融温度升高,结晶度增加,结晶速率增加,而随着PVA含量（超过30 %）的增加,PP-g-MAH的结晶及熔融温度降低,结晶度降低,结晶速率增加。用Ozawa法对共混物中PVA相的非等温结晶动力学研究表明,共混物中PVA相在191~197 ℃开始主期结晶,在173~189 ℃进入次期结晶阶段。     

热塑性聚酯弹性体共混改性线性低密度聚乙烯

采用熔融共混法制备了线性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)/热塑性聚酯弹性体(TPEE)共混物,借助电子万能材料试验机、差示扫描量热仪等手段,研究了共混物的结晶行为和力学性能。结果表明,少量TPEE对LLDPE结晶的完善性有一定影响,LLDPE的结晶度稍有减小,断裂伸长率和拉伸强度均有提高。随着TPEE用量的增加,LLDPE的断裂伸长率和拉伸强度先升高后降低,当TPEE的质量分数在2%~3.5%时,分别有最大值851.1%和18.758MPa。     

聚丙烯／聚烯烃弹性体共混物非等温结晶动力学及力学性能研究

采用熔融共混法制备了聚丙烯(PP)/乙烯-辛烯弹性体(POE)共混物，在差示扫描量热仪上研究了PP及其共混体系降温过程的非等温结晶动力学，对所得数据分别用Jeziorny法和Mo法进行了处理，表明非等温结晶动力学参数Zc及Avrami指数n随冷却速率的增加而增加；对相同配比的共混物随着结晶度的增加，单位结晶时间里达到一定结晶度所需要的降温速率F(T)增大；当相对结晶度相同时，共混物需要的降温速率减小，所有这些均说明弹性体可作为聚丙烯结晶成核剂。另外，采用偏光显微镜研究了PP及其共混物的结晶形貌，测试了共混物的力学性能。结果表明，弹性体改性的共混物的结晶晶粒明显细化，共混物的冲击强度与断裂伸长率得到明显提高．韧性大幅度提高。     

柠檬酸三乙酯改性聚(3-羟基丁酸酯-co-4-羟基丁酸酯)的性能研究

用熔融模压法制备了柠檬酸三乙酯（TEC）增塑的4HB含量不同的聚（3-羟基丁酸酯-co-4-羟基丁酸酯）[P（3HB-co-4HB）]共混物，用差示扫描量热仪（DSC）、广角X射线衍射仪（WAXI））和拉伸试验对共混物的热性能、结晶结构和力学性能进行了表征，考察了增塑剂TEC的用量和4HB含量对共聚酯性能的影响。结果表明：随着TEC用量的增大，P（3HB—co-17％4HB）共聚酯体系的结晶度减小，其熔融温度、玻璃化温度和结晶温度降低，屈服强度、断裂强度及模量也降低，屈服伸长率增大；随4HB含量的增大，相同用量的TEC共混体系的熔点、玻璃化温度和结晶温度降低，屈服强度、断裂强度和模量减小。     

超高相对分子质量聚乙烯对双峰HDPE树脂性能的影响

为了提高双峰高密度聚乙烯（HDPE）的力学性能,采用超高相对分子质量聚乙烯（UHM—WPE）与双峰HDPE以不同比例共混,对共混物的相对分子质量及其分布、热性能、流变性能和力学性能进行了测试。UHMWPE的加入使高相对分子质量部分显著增加,流变性能下降,添加量小于10％（质量分数）时,共混物粘度在高剪切速率下变化不大;UHMWPE可提高共混物的熔融温度和初始结晶温度,结晶度先增加然后迅速降低;随着UHMWPE含量的增加,混合物的拉伸强度也随之增加,呈线性关系;结晶度与冲击强度成反比。     

LDPE/POE共混物的结晶行为和力学性能

采用熔融共混法制备了低密度聚乙烯（LDPE）／聚烯烃弹性体（POE）共混物,通过差示扫描量热法和广角X射线衍射表征了共？昆物的结晶行为及LDPE、POE结晶的相互影响,研究了共混物的力学性能。随着POE用量的增加,LDPE的结品度稍有减小,结晶的完善性和均一性变差,晶粒尺寸逐渐变小;LDPE在结晶过程中出现了二次结晶;共混物的硬度、定伸应力和熔体流动速率均逐渐减小,拉伸断裂应变则逐渐增加。当w（POE）为30％时,材料的拉伸强度达到最大值,为21.5MPa。随着LDPE含量的增加,POE的结晶度逐渐减小。     

PET/离聚物共混体系的结晶行为研究

利用WAXD对聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯（PET）与高聚物Surlyn和Aclyn系列组成的共混体系的结晶行为进行了研究。结果表明，离聚物先于PET结晶，两者分别以各自的晶型出现，没有形成混晶、结晶时两相间有相互干扰;在所研究的范围内，PET／离聚物Na盐井混体系结晶度与纯PET的基本相同，PET／离聚物Zn盐井混体系的结晶度大于纯PET的结晶度，且离聚物含量的变化对其共混体系的结晶度的影响不明显。     

聚丙烯/乙烯-丙烯酸共聚物共混物的相容性及性能

通过差示扫描量热法研究了聚丙烯（PP）/乙烯-丙烯酸共聚物（EAA）共混物的结晶行为及相容性,并考察了不同共混比下共混物的物理机械性能和动态力学性能。结果表明,不同共混比下PP/EAA共混物均出现2个明显的结晶熔融峰,说明两者不能相容,但两者可相互提高各自的结晶速率,且不会改变它们的晶型;随着EAA用量的增加,共混物的结晶度、拉伸强度、拉伸模量、弯曲模量、储能模量和损耗模量均逐渐降低,冲击强度先降低后升高,损耗因子增大,且明显高于纯PP,玻璃化转变温度向高温方向偏移。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

Inorganic/organic nanocomposite coatings: The next step in coating performance

Inorganic/organic hybrid materials have considerable promise and are beginning to become a major area of research for many coating usages, including abrasion and corrosion resistance. Our primary approach is to prepare the inorganic phase in situ within the film formation process of the organic phase. The inorganic phase is introduced via sol-gel chemistry into a thermosetting organic phase. By this method, the size, periodicity, spatial positioning, and density of the inorganic phase can be controlled. An important aspect of the inorganic/organic hybrid materials is the coupling agent. The initial task of the coupling agent is to provide uniform mixing of the oligomeric organic phase with the sol-gel precursors, which are otherwise immiscible. UV-curable inorganic/organic hybrid systems have the advantages of a rapid cure and the ability to be used on heat sensitive substrates such as molded plastics. Also, it is possible to have better control of the growth of the inorganic phase using UV curing. It is our ultimate goal to completely separate the curing of inorganic and organic phases to gain complete control over the morphology, and hence optimization of “all” the coating properties. Thus far, it has been found that concomitant UV curing of the inorganic and organic phases using titanium sol-gel precursors afforded nanocomposite coatings which completely block the substrate from UV light while maintaining a transparent to visible light. Also, it has been found that the morphology of the inorganic phase is highly dependent on the concentration and reactivity of the coupling agent. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.