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纳米SiO2的制备及其原位改性 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
以天然优质粉石英自制的Na2O·3.1SiO2为原料、硅烷偶联剂KH-560、KH-570为改性剂、HCl为沉淀剂、聚乙二醇为表面活性剂,采用化学沉淀法制备了分散性好的改性纳米SiO2粉体.研究了硅烷偶联剂KH-560、KH-570对溶液中生成的二氧化硅粒子表面原位改性的影响及机理,优化了制备改性纳米SiO2粉体的工艺条件.利用扫描电镜(SEM)、红外光谱(FTIR)、热分析仪及粘度计对制备的产物进行了表征.结果表明硅烷偶联剂KH-560、KH-570都是有效的改性剂. 相似文献
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以硅烷偶联剂(KH570)对微米、亚微米和纳米级二氧化硅(SiO2)粉体进行表面接枝改性,借助红外光谱(IR)仪、热重(TG)分析仪和X射线能谱(EDS)仪对改性前后SiO2表面结构进行了表征,采用原位聚合法制得SiO2/聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)复合材料,利用扫描电镜(SEM)研究了不同粒径改性SiO2粉体在PET中的分散性能。结果表明:KH570可与微米、亚微米和纳米粒径SiO2粉体发生表面接枝反应;SiO2/PET复合材料的SEM观察表明,经过KH570改性后不同粒径SiO2在PET中分散均匀性得到提高。 相似文献
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聚酯织物表面用不对称微粒改性,使其得到拒水性能。不对称微粒的亲水部分与活化的聚酯表面结合,微粒的疏水部分赋予其拒水性。研究了改性聚酯表面的润湿性和形态学性质,可以发现,随着不对称微粒质量分数的增加,改性的表面显示出较高的水接触角和较低的倾斜角。从表面形态学也可以看到,较高浓度的不对称微粒赋予改性长丝表面木莓状的凝聚,这对拒水性是非常有效的。最后,可以证明质量分数为20%的不对称微粒对于拒水纺织品的设计是很有效的。 相似文献
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拒水、导湿纤维是一种集拒水性与导湿性于一体的功能性纤维。国内外对于该类纤维的研究也越来越多。化学接枝、表面改性以及皮芯复合纺丝是获得拒水、导湿纤维的主要方法,且已经成功开发出同时具有拒水和导湿功能的纤维材料,并向多孔结构和永久表面改性的方向发展。 相似文献
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选用硅烷偶联剂KH-570对SiO2纳米粉体进行表面改性,利用IR,TG等对改性前后SiO2粉体性能进行了表征;并利用IR,DSC对SiO2/PET体系的热性能和结晶性能进行了测试。实验结果表明:经表面改性的SiO2粉体的红外光谱在1 715cm-1,1300 cm-1及1452 cm-1等处出现了KH-570的特征吸收峰;改性后SiO2粉体的TG曲线在350℃出现明显质量减少,表明KH-570与SiO2发生了化学反应,实现了KH-570对SiO2表面包覆改性的目的。含有SiO2的PET结晶温度和玻璃化温度降低,熔点基本保持不变。 相似文献
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Solid solutions of diphosphates of zinc and copper and of zinc and cobalt were synthesized from mixtures of pure diphosphates at temperatures up to 1000°C. Their X-ray diffractometry patterns varied continuously from one end member to the other. Solid solutions of orthophosphates of composition Zn3−x Cox(PO4 )2, with x = 0.4–1.6, were formed at temperatures up to 950°C; all exhibited the structure of γ-Zn3 (PO4 )2. Solid solutions of orthophosphates of composition Zn3−x Cux (PO4 )2 exhibited more-complex behavior. At 1000°C and copper contents of 20–80 mol%, a phase that is related to Cu3 (PO4 )2, termed here the "ε-phase," predominated. At 850°–950°C and in the region from 20 mol% to ∼33 mol% of copper, the solid solutions (the "η-phase") adopted the structure of graftonite. At 800°–900°C and 10–15 mol% of copper, the solid solutions exhibited a new structure (the "δ-phase"), which we found to be related to the mineral sarcopside. At temperatures 950°C, the solutions that contained 5–15 mol% of copper (the "β-phase") had the structure of β-Zn3 (PO4 )2, whereas at 800°–850°C, solutions with 5 mol% of copper (the "-phase") exhibited the structure of γ-Zn3 (PO4 )2. Attempts to synthesize Cu+ ZnPO4 and Cu+ Cu2+ Zn3 (PO4 )3 were unsuccessful. 相似文献
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为了提高油田的生产效率,设计最佳的油气集输处理的工艺流程,更好地完成油气水分离处理的任务。对油气集输工艺技术进行优化,发挥高效油气水分离处理设备的优势,提高油气水处理的质量,保证油气集输工艺顺利实施,获得最佳的油田产量外输。 相似文献
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建设创新型国家是我们中华民族的历史责任。“自主创新、重点突破、支撑发展、引领未来”的16字方针应当成为我们未来创新活动的指南。建设创新型国家把自主创新放在首位,并提出了引领未来的高标准要求。钢铁科技创新必须突出重点,抓住创新成果产业化这个关键,支撑起行业和国民经济的发展。 相似文献
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相比已经完善丰富的开采和勘探技术,油气的运输以及储存却仍然存在不足之处。我国对能源安全提出更加严格要求的同时,对区域经济的发展规划也有足够重视。因此,保障油气管道的安全则成为了我国能源安全战略的重中之重。在阐释油气管道现阶段在储运安全保障技术发展状况的基础上,分析了现存的问题及解决问题的手段,并指出未来可能使用的目标策略,为今后研究者提供一定程度上的借鉴经验。 相似文献
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膜的污染和劣化及其防治对策 总被引:25,自引:0,他引:25
较为系统地介绍了膜污染和劣化的定义和特点,因膜污染和劣化而造成的膜性能变化,以及如何预防、减少或清除膜污染和劣化的一些通用方法。 相似文献
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James L. White David G. Salladay David O. Quisenberry Donald L. MacLean 《应用聚合物科学杂志》1972,16(11):2811-2827
Gel permeation chromatographic (GPC) and thin-layer chromatographic (TLC) studies of polystyrene, polybutadienes (BR), and their copolymers (SBR) have been carried out. GPC primarily separates them on the basis of molecular size, and TLC, on the basis of composition. Methods of obtaining absolute molecular weight distributions for BR and SBR based upon variations of the Strasbourg Universal Calibration procedure are described. In particular, [η]–M relationships in both the GPC solvent (THF) and in a second solvent (toluene) were used; in addition, results of statistical mechanical calculations for \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$\overline {s^2 }$\end{document} (based on the assumption of negligible steric hindrance and freely rotating bonds) were applied. An experimental comparison of these methods was carried out, and use of the [η]–M relationships for both solvents was found to give satisfactory results. The predictions of the statistical theory were too low. A detailed study of polymer–solvent–gel interaction in the GPC unit was made through investigation of ternary phase equilibrium in the (polystyrene)–THF–(polymer) system. The polymers studied included BR and SBR with varying styrene contents. Experimental techniques for TLC separations of BR, SBR, and polystyrene according to the composition are described. 相似文献