气相色谱-质谱联用法测定软聚氯乙烯塑料的挥发性气体

采用气相色谱-质谱联用法,定性测定了软聚氯乙烯塑料（S-PVC）产生的挥发性气体。结果显示：软聚氯乙烯产生的挥发性气体主要为烃类化合物、醇和醛、酯等羰基化合物,产生气味的化合物是醇和羰基化合物,这些物质可由助剂带入或在塑料加工过程中热氧降解产生。     

机动车尾气检测技术及污染防治对策

随着持续发展的汽车工业,我国城市大气已经受到汽车排放尾气的严重污染,相关部门也在加强机动车尾气检测,提高排放标准的严格程度,有效做好污染防治。主要对机动车尾气检测技术、机动车尾气污染防控对策两个方面做出了详细的分析和研究。     

环境大气羰基化合物气粒分配研究进展

羰基化合物是大气中很重要的一类中间化合物,对于大气中臭氧及二次有机气溶胶生成有重要的促进作用.同时,羰基化合物同时存在于气态及颗粒态中,其气粒分配行为对区域大气复合污染乃至全球气候变化等方面都具有重要意义.文章对羰基化合物的分析方法进行了文献总结,并归纳了羰基化合物的实验研究和外场观测.针对目前已有研究存在的不足,进一...     

长治市主城区环境空气臭氧污染较重时期VOCs污染特征分析

基于O_3浓度高值期6月份的VOCs监测数据,分析了长治市主城区挥发性有机物(VOCs)的组成及相应的O_3生成潜势(OFP)。结果表明,在O_3污染较重的6月,非甲烷烃类浓度较高的化合物包括异戊烷、乙烷、乙炔、苯、丙烷、乙烯等,主要来源是汽油挥发、机动车尾气排放、LPG/NG的使用;含氧VOCs中浓度较高的化合物包括甲醛、乙醛、丙酮、丙醛、2-丁酮等,与工业废气、机动车尾气排放和光化学反应二次生成相关;异戊烷、甲醛等10种物质对OFP贡献达到85.25%,烷烃类和含氧VOCs类物质是对总OFP贡献最大的VOCs化合物类别。     

车用聚丙烯复合材料气味分析研究

通过气相色谱-质谱对车用聚丙烯复合材料气味进行了分析研究.结果发现气味大的试样产生的挥发性有机化合物是羰基化合物与烃类化合物,而气味小的试样产生的多是烃类化合物,证明了产生气味的化合物是羰基化合物,如酮、醛与酯,这些物质是在高温加工过程中热氧降解产生的.     

食用油类中的羰基化合物

国外两位研究人员设计出一种利用含有盐酸胲(NH_2OH·HCl)溶液的化学反应捕集器及吸光光度法测定食用油类和炸马铃薯薄片中挥发性羰基化合物的简易灵敏的方法。这种方法将会有广泛的用途,因为挥发性羰基化合物的存在,表示脂类的自氧化和氢过氧化物的后续降解作     

软聚氯乙烯塑料的气味分析研究

采用气相色谱-质谱法(GC-MS)对3种软聚氯乙(烯S-PVC)试样的挥发性有机物进行了测试,分析了产生气味的物质。结果表明:试样产生的挥发性有机物为烃类化合物、醇和醛、酯等羰基化合物,产生气味的化合物主要是羰基化合物;添加抗氧剂可阻止增塑剂和其他烃类的氧化,减少S-PVC塑料气味的产生。     

合肥市在用机动车排放特性的研究

为分析合肥市在用机动车排放水平和尾气检测标准实施情况,对合肥市机动车排气检测数据进行统计分析,计算得到尾气超标的车龄和行驶里程,得出合肥地区汽油车检测标准过低的结论,并给出合肥市机动车尾气检测排放标准计算限值。所得结论为估算合肥市机动车排放总量,提高机动车污染控制的决策和管理水平,以及评估机动车污染控制政策提供数据支持和理论指导。     

福建省机动车尾气污染情况分析与点燃式发动机轻型汽车尾气排放检测方法

随着我省经济的发展,机动车的数量急剧攀升。随之而来的是交通拥堵、停车难等众多的的社会问题,与此同时人们却往往忽视了机动车尾气污染带来的严峻的环境问题和健康问题。本文在近年福建省机动车数据和国内外各类机动车尾气检测办法的基础上,对福建省近年机动车尾气排放所带来的环境问题和针对小轿车(点燃式发动机轻型汽车)尾气排放检测办法的分析,旨在能进一步引起对机动车尾气所带来的环境问题的重视,进而希望能找到有效控制并减少城市道路空气污染的程度。     

福建省机动车尾气污染情况分析与点燃式发动机轻型汽车尾气排放检测方法

随着我省经济的发展,机动车的数量急剧攀升。随之而来的是交通拥堵、停车难等众多的的社会问题,与此同时人们却往往忽视了机动车尾气污染带来的严峻的环境问题和健康问题。本文在近年福建省机动车数据和国内外各类机动车尾气检测办法的基础上,对福建省近年机动车尾气排放所带来的环境问题和针对小轿车(点燃式发动机轻型汽车)尾气排放检测办法的分析,旨在能进一步引起对机动车尾气所带来的环境问题的重视,进而希望能找到有效控制并减少城市道路空气污染的程度。     

机动车尾气污染状况调查与防治

随着阜新市机动车保有量的日益增加,机动车尾气对城市环境和人体健康的影响越来越明显。对阜新市机动车尾气污染状况进行了调查与分析,并提出了如何控制机动车尾气污染的措施和方法。     

天然气汽车尾气净化催化剂研究进展

天然气汽车尾气引起的环境问题日益严重,传统的三效催化剂上甲烷转化率低,净化效果差,天然气汽车尾气净化催化剂受到广泛关注。概述天然气汽车尾气净化催化剂组成以及理论空燃比和稀燃比催化净化原理,介绍四类天然气汽车尾气净化催化剂研究现状,并对未来天然气汽车尾气净化催化剂发展进行展望。     

Regulated and non-regulated pollutants emitted from two aliphatic and a commercial diesel fuel

Two synthetic aliphatic fuels and a commercial one were used on a Diesel vehicle to study the impact on exhaust regulated and non-regulated emissions. The two aliphatic fuels decrease hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO) and particulate matter (PM) emissions comparing to the reference fuel (commercial fuel), but they slightly increase nitrogen oxides (NO_x) emissions. Total particle number and particle size distribution are almost the same for the three fuels used on the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC), however some differences are observed on steady speeds. The two aliphatic fuels decrease the emission of particulate sulphates, of nitrous oxide (N₂O), of carbonyl compounds and methane (CH₄) comparing to reference fuel. Carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions of the three fuels are similar.     

用于燃油节能环保的有机稀土活性复合物的制备及应用

由有机稀土配体化合物、表面活性剂、助表面活性剂、稳定剂、溶剂等原料制备出有机稀土活性复合物。通过柴油机台架实验发现,该种复合物的加入不仅对柴油机节能、抗磨损及保护发动机起到积极的作用,同时能有效降低尾气中有害物质的排放。     

Three-Dimensional Simulation of Exhaust Particle Dispersion and Concentration Fields in the Near-Wake Region of the Studied Ground Vehicle

In the present study, the interaction effects of different vehicle speeds and exhaust tailpipe exit velocity and temperature conditions on the three-dimensional flow structure, exhaust particle dynamic behavior, formation and evolution processes (i.e., nucleation, coagulation, condensation, and dispersion), number and volume concentration, and nucleation rate fields in the near-wake region behind the studied ground vehicle in urban road microenvironment were comprehensively simulated using large-eddy simulation (LES) with the aerosol dynamics and dispersion model based on our recently established direct quadrature method of moments (DQMOM) approach. The numerical results show that the particles are drawn up into the recirculation region and then moved toward the upper vortex by its lower vortex accordingly. The particle nucleation rate is much more associated with the distribution of the root mean square (RMS) temperature than with that of the temperature itself. Some of the sulfuric acid concentration emitted from the vehicular exhaust tailpipe are trapped by the vortex and then recirculated back to the rear end of the studied ground vehicle. As a result, the exhaust particle concentration in this region is much higher than a farther distance downstream and the nucleation rate is also enhanced in this region. The exhaust particle volume concentration is the highest in the recirculation region behind the studied ground vehicle and is diluted gradually beyond the recirculation region in the downstream.     

Effect of phosphorus poisoning on catalytic activity of diesel exhaust gas catalyst components containing oxide and Pt

Effects of phosphorus poisoning on the activity of powdered exhaust gas catalyst components containing different oxides and platinum were studied. The decrease in the catalytic activity was associated with phosphorus compounds formed with the catalyst components. The poisoned samples were studied using XRD and FTIR-ATR techniques. The same compounds, phosphates of cerium, zirconium, aluminium and titanium, have also been detected in vehicle aged diesel catalyst converters.     

Influence of fuel and air/fuel equivalence ratio on the emission of hydrocarbons from a SI engine. 1. Experimental findings

A spark ignition engine was used to study the impact of fuel composition and of the air/fuel equivalence ratio on exhaust emissions of specific hydrocarbons. The fuel blends used contained eight main hydrocarbons and four oxygenated compounds. The fuel components that produce each exhaust pollutant are identified. The emissions of all HC generally decrease with the addition of oxygenated compounds, except sometimes in the case of methane, ethane and cyclohexane. Under rich conditions, the relative increase of exhaust methane and benzene is more important than the other saturated HC. Some HC are correlated with the physical properties of the fuel and other exhaust pollutants.     

Regulated and unregulated emissions of a light duty vehicle operated on diesel/palm-based methyl ester blends over NEDC and a non-legislated driving cycle

In this study, regulated, unregulated exhaust emissions and fuel consumption with diesel fuel and palm-based biodiesel blends at proportions of 5%, 20% and 40% (v/v) have been investigated. A Euro 3 compliant light duty vehicle was tested on a chassis dynamometer over the new European driving cycle (NEDC) and the non-legislated Athens driving cycle (ADC). The experimental results showed that the addition of biodiesel increased NO_x emissions. This increase was more significant with the use of B20 over both cycles (13.7% and 23.2% over the NEDC and ADC, respectively). Biodiesel addition resulted to increases in CO emissions with the highest increase being 11.78% for B20 over NEDC and 11.62% for B40 over ADC. HC emissions increased with biodiesel over the NEDC, while over the ADC the addition of biodiesel led to reductions with the highest being with the use of B40 (about 26.47%). The same observation holds for PM emissions. Over the ADC the most beneficial reduction was in the order of 50% for the B40. CO₂ emissions and fuel consumption followed similar patterns. B20 led to increases up to 6.16% and 2.94% in fuel consumption over NEDC and ADC, respectively. Some PAH compounds demonstrated an increase with biodiesel, while nitro-PAHs decreased with most of them being almost undetectable. Most carbonyl emissions decreased with biodiesel.     

挥发性有机物的气相色谱分析研究

挥发性有机物（Volatile Organic Compounds,VOCs）是强挥发性有机化学物质的总称,挥发性有机物在常温下,是一种逸散性排放的物质,对空气和环境的污染比较严重,对人体的健康也会产生极大的威胁。挥发性有机物主要来源石油化工产品、汽车尾气、化学溶剂、涂料油漆、废物处理等等,因此对挥发性有机物的污染受到越来越多的人重视。通过利用气相色谱对空气和室内进行测量、分析、研究。     

商用车排气系统防锈工艺探讨

介绍了商用车排气系统防锈工艺的现状和基本要求,重点分析了排气系统涂覆材料现状及一些研究方向,工艺应用、零部件结构对商用车排气系统防锈质量的影响。