金属阳极涂层评价试验

测定了钌钛、钌钛锡、钌钛铱３种氧化物涂层电极的氯电位、析氧电位,强化寿命和强化失重等电化性能,综合考虑氯碱工业中隔膜电解用阳极可选择钌钛或钌钛锡涂层。     

使用钛涂钌电极作为阳极电解法制备次磷酸的研究

研究了以钛涂钌电极作为阳极,不锈钢作为阴极,采用四室电渗析槽电解法制备次磷酸的最佳工艺条件(如电解电流、电解时间、原料室次磷酸钠浓度等)。测量了电解过程中钛涂钌电极的阳极电位。结果显示钛涂钌电极在硫酸介质中,具有高的电催化活性和低的析氧电位,是非常省电的阳极材料,在最佳条件下制得的产品纯度高,各项指标都达到了分析纯的标准。该方法没有废物产生,不污染环境,符合清洁生产。     

一种复合氧化物涂层钛电极的电化学性能及其在废水处理中的应用

通过稳态极化曲线和循环伏安曲线,比较了复合氧化物涂层钛电极和镀铂钛电极的析氯和析氧电化学性能;通过循环伏安曲线,分析了复合氧化物涂层钛电极在不同溶液中的电化学性能,初步探索了复合氧化物涂层钛电极的电化学氧化机理;并将复合氧化物涂层钛电极安装在低压高频水处理装置中用于重金属废液和有机废液的电化学降解。结果表明,复合氧化物涂层钛电极相比镀铂钛电极具有更高的析氯和析氧催化活性及析氯和析氧反应效率;复合氧化物涂层钛电极在酸性溶液中析出的铜容易氧化成铜离子,出现铜返溶现象,而析出的镍不容易氧化,很难出现镍返溶现象;复合氧化物涂层钛电极具有较高的电化学催化性能,在电流密度为1 300A·m-2时,连续电解氧化120min后的铜离子去除率达到90%、镍离子去除率达到97%,连续电解氧化200min后的铵离子去除率达到98%、氰根离子去除率达到95%。     

三价铬电镀用氧化物涂层钛电极的电化学行为

采用极化曲线、循环伏安曲线及钝化曲线研究了三价铬电镀用含IrO2涂层钛电极的电化学行为.电极表面的扫描电镜照片表明,部分IrO2分散在针状结晶中,其余则分散在非晶相中.分析了三价铬镀铬过程中产生六价铬的原因.所研制的I型氧化物涂层钛电极具有高的析氧活性,其电催化活性与国外某公司的钛电极相当.在三价铬镀铬过程中,采用该电极连续电解120 A·h后,镀液中无Cr(Ⅵ)产生.     

镍钴锰锡复合氧化物涂层电极的制备及应用

研制了一种能在NaCl水溶液中电解生产NaClO的低成本镍钴锰锡复合氧化物涂层阳极。考察了涂层中不同SnO2摩尔分数对电极表面形貌的影响。分别研究了不同锡含量涂层电极在氯化钠溶液中和在硫酸溶液中的电流密度随析氯电位和析氧电位的变化情况以及电极的强化寿命。结果表明,电极的表面形貌受锡含量的影响,当涂层中锡的摩尔分数为14．28％时,涂层最致密;而且,在此含量下,溶液中的电流密度随析氯电位以及析氧电位的变化率较小,电极寿命也最长。当在基体和涂层之间加上导电中间层时,电极寿命超过110 h。使用该电极电解氯化钠溶液,所得次氯酸钠的生成速率为19．14 mg/(L·cm2·min)。     

组合式再生燃料电池双效氧电极催化剂制备与表征

介绍了组合式再生燃料电池基本特点,简要回顾了组合式再生燃料电池中双效氧电极催化剂研究现状。利用还原沉积法制备了PtIr／C双效氧电极催化剂,对催化剂进行了XRD表征。以三电极体系对催化剂进行了析氧和溶氧双反应的催化活性评价,结果表明：Pt主要催化燃料电池模式下的溶氧反应,而Ir主要催化水电解模式下的析氧反应。     

高氧超电极在电解法生产氯酸盐中的应用

制备了３种氧化涂层电极,分析了涂层物相组成、涂层形貌,测定了电极的电化学性能,研究了这些电极在电解法生产氯酸盐中的应用。结果表明：钌锡锑氧化物涂层电极具有较低析氯电位、较高析氧电位,电解ＮａＣｌ溶液生产ＮａＣｌＯ３具有较高电流效率。     

钛基涂层氧化物析氧阳极材料的研究进展

介绍了钛基涂层氧化物析氧阳极(DSA)的制备方法,包括热分解、磁控溅射、溶胶–凝胶和电沉积等方法。分析了DSA阳极的析氧原理。指出了DSA电极存在的问题及未来的发展趋势。     

钛基氧化物阳极的制备及电解脱硫废水制氯研究

通过电沉积法和热分解法将活性组分IrSnRuMn分别负载到钛板上制成新型电极,探究活性层Ru、Mn摩尔比对钛基IrSnRuMn氧化物阳极电化学活性及电解脱硫废水制氯的影响。结果表明,当Ru、Mn摩尔比为4∶6时,电极同时具有较好的电化学活性和电解制氯能力,此时电极的析氯电位为1.167 V,析氧电位为1.322 V。在电极间距为4 cm、阳极液pH=7.95、电流密度为20 mA/cm²、电解时间为120 min的条件下,对氯离子的去除效率为38.7%。     

析氧体系阳极制备及性能

钛镀二氧化铅电极是析氧体系最有发展潜力的阳极，本文探讨了该电极的制备方法，并重点研究了中间层锑掺杂量、电镀液的添加离子以及不同电镀电流密度组合对电极性能的影响，给出了电极制备的最佳工艺参数。     

电解法去除PAM生产废水中氨氮的研究

分别研究了铁板、铝板、钛板、镀钌钛板、镀二氧化铅钛板作为电极时PAM生产废水中氨氮的去除效果.结果表明,采用镀钌钛板电极比采用镀二氧化铅钛板电极具有更高的氨氮去除率;极板间距为0.5 cm时的氨氮去除率略优于极板间距为1 cm时的氨氮去除率;当放电时间超过6 min时,氨氮去除率随时间的变化曲线趋于平缓;采用镀钌钛板电...     

Electrocatalytic Dechlorination of Chloroform in Aqueous Solution on Palladium/Titanium Electrode

Electrochemical dechlorination of chloroform in aqueous solution was investigated on a palladium‐loaded meshed titanium electrode at ambient temperature. The palladium/titanium (Pd/Ti) electrode, which provided a catalytic surface for reductive dechlorination of chloroform in aqueous solution, was prepared with an electrodepositing method. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) micrographs show that Pd microparticles uniformly disperse on the meshed Ti electrode with spheroidal structure. Dechlorination experimental results indicate that, in aqueous solution with the high current efficiency of 33 %, the removal efficiency of chloroform on the Pd/Ti electrode was 37 %, under the conditions of a dechlorination current of 0.1 mA and dechlorination time of 180 min.     

电渗析钛涂钌电极的制作和应用

本文主要讨论电渗析钛涂钌电极在制作过程中，钛基体蚀刻，涂层的配方及热处理温度对电极性能的影响。特别指出该电极与氯碱工业和电极有使用方式，电极反应及其配方等方面的不同之处。还提出了该电极的使用限制条件以引起注意。     

Performance of non-porous graphite and titanium-based anodes in microbial fuel cells

Four non-porous materials were compared for their suitability as bio-anode in microbial fuel cells (MFCs). These materials were flat graphite, roughened graphite, Pt-coated titanium, and uncoated titanium. The materials were placed in four identical MFCs, of which the anode compartments were hydraulically connected in series, as well as the cathode compartments. The MFCs were operated with four resistors. The anode kinetics at these electrode materials were studied by means of dc-voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Both techniques were compared and showed that the bio-anode performance decreased in the order roughened graphite > Pt-coated titanium > flat graphite > uncoated titanium. Uncoated titanium was unsuitable as anode material. For the other three materials, specific surface area was not the single variable explaining the differences in current density for the different materials. All polarization curves showed a clear limiting current. This limit could not be attributed to mass transfer of the substrate and reflected the maximum biomass activity. The current density of the non-porous bio-anodes, except for the uncoated titanium anode, was comparable to the reported current densities of porous materials when normalized to the projected surface area. The high current densities that were recorded by dc-voltammetry, however, could not be maintained in a stable way for a longer period. This shows that polarization curves of MFCs should be evaluated critically.     

钛板为负极载体的酸性二次电池性能研究

在国内首次自组装了以Pt／C气体扩散电极为正极,Ti板为负极材料的新型酸性锌空气电池,进行了新电池性能测试。结果如下,实验以电流密度为20mA／cm。来恒流充放电,首次放电压平台在0．92V,充电平台在2．65V左右,充电电压在不断上升,可能是由于氧气析出后破环了Pt／C电极结构引起;在新型锌空电池的锌负极表现出优良的性能,在整个电池性能改变时,锌负极的沉积与溶出所需电压基本维持稳定状态,实验进行了七个循环,显示出酸性锌空气电池是可行的。     

新型钛基体PbO2电极的制备及降解性能研究

采用电沉积法制备钛基体PbO2电极并对其表面形貌进行了表征,所制备的电极具有较高的析氧电位和良好的电催化活性。以制备的钛基PbO2为阳极,抛光钛电极为阴极,分别进行电流密度、反应时间、pH、电解质质量浓度等单因素试验,确定PbO2电极对亚甲基蓝的最优降解条件为:pH=6,电解质质量浓度为5.0 g.L-1,电流密度为5×10-2A.cm-2,该条件下亚甲基蓝1 h的降解率可以达到99%;且电流密度为0.25×10-2A.cm-2时能耗最低。     

Simultaneous determination of chlorine and oxygen evolving at RuO2/Ti and RuO2–TiO2/Ti anodes by differential electrochemical mass spectroscopy

Chlorine and oxygen evolving at RuO2/Ti and RuO2–TiO2/Ti anodes have been simultaneously determined at electrode potentials from 1.0 to about 2V (vs Ag/AgCl) by differential electrochemical mass spectroscopy (DEMS). On the RuO2/Ti anodes, the threshold electrode potential for oxygen evolution increased with a decrease in RuO2 loading, while the chlorine evolution potential was unchanged. Low RuO2 loading anodes gave a high chlorine evolution ratio under various constant electrolysis potentials. On the RuO2–TiO2/Ti anodes, the threshold electrode potential for oxygen evolution increased with an increase in the TiO2 content more remarkably than that for chlorine evolution. High TiO2 content anodes gave a high chlorine evolution ratio at various constant electrolysis potentials. The combination of RuO2 and TiO2 exhibits a remarkable effect with respect to the enhancement of chlorine evolution selectivity.     

Surface activation of manganese oxide electrode for oxygen evolution from seawater

Utilizing the fact that the equilibrium potential of oxygen evolution is lower than that of chlorine evolution, oxygen evolution in seawater electrolysis was enhanced by decreasing the polarization potential under galvanostatic conditions through increasing the effective surface area of manganese oxide electrodes. Electrodes were prepared by a thermal decomposition method. IrO2-coated titanium (IrO2/Ti electrode) was used as the substrate on which manganese oxide was coated (MnOX/IrO2/Ti electrode). Subsequently, oxide mixtures of manganese and zinc were coated (MnOX–ZnO/MnOX/IrO2/Ti electrode). The effective surface area of the MnOX–ZnO/MnOX/IrO2/Ti electrodes was increased by selective dissolution of zinc (leaching) into hot 6M KOH. The oxygen evolution efficiency of the MnOX/IrO2/Ti electrode was 68–70%. Leaching of zinc from the MnOX–ZnO/MnOX/IrO2/Ti electrodes with 25mol% or less zinc led to a significant increase in the oxygen evolution efficiency. The maximum efficiency attained was 86% after leaching of zinc from the MnOX–25mol%ZnO/MnOX/IrO2/Ti electrode. However, large amounts of zinc addition, such as 40mol% or more are detrimental because of a decrease in the oxygen evolution efficiency. This is due to the formation of a double oxide, ZnMnO3, which is hardly dissolved in hot 6M KOH.     

Cathodic electrochemiluminescence of luminol in aqueous solutions based on C-doped oxide covered titanium electrode

In the present work, a novel sensor for luminol electrochemiluminescence (ECL) was constructed on the base of a C-doped titanium oxide amorphous semiconductor electrode. The morphology, structural and electrochemical properties of the electrode was characterized by X-Ray diffraction, X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy and electrochemical methods. The ECL behavior of luminol excited by hot electrons injected from C-doped oxide film-covered electrodes in aqueous medium has been investigated in B-R buffer solution (pH = 9) when linear sweep cyclic voltammetry (CV) was applied. Two ECL peaks were observed at −1.0 V (vs. Ag/AgCl, reduction process) and −0.75 V (vs. Ag/AgCl, oxidation process). The possible mechanism was discussed. The C-doped Ti oxide electrode shows excellent properties for sensitive determination of luminol with good reproducibility and stability. The linear response of luminol was in the range of 1 × 10⁻⁸ to 9 × 10⁻⁸ mol/L with the detection limit of 3 × 10⁻⁹ mol/L (S/N = 3). Since luminol is one of the most useful ECL probe, many bioactive compounds which can be labeled by luminol are able to be detected by using the proposed method.