红树林内生真菌Paecilomyces sp.(Tree1-7)脂肪酸成分分析

采用φ(硫酸)=1%的甲醇溶液酯化法(方法1)和酸碱结合甲酯化法(方法2)分别对红树林内生真菌Paecilomyces sp.(Tree1-7)代谢产物的石油醚部位衍生化,用气相色谱-质谱法分析鉴定了其成分,测定了各成分的相对质量分数。两种方法鉴定出共有主要脂肪酸成分6种,分别为9,12-十八碳二烯酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸、顺-9-十八碳烯酸、12-甲基-十四烷酸和Cyclopentaneundecanoic acid。其中9,12-十八碳二烯酸为红树林内生真菌Paecilomyces sp.(Tree1-7)石油醚部位的主要成分,其相对质量分数达56%以上。但两种方法所得微量脂肪酸种类存在差异,方法1共检测到13种,其中微量脂肪酸7种,而方法2能检测到17种,其中微量脂肪酸11种。与φ(硫酸)=1%的甲醇溶液酯化法相比,酸碱结合甲酯化法所得脂肪酸成分更为全面。     

中国南海总状蕨藻中脂肪酸和甾醇GC-MS分析

采用GC—MS分析中国南海总状蕨藻中的脂肪酸及甾醇化合物,鉴定出二十三种脂肪酸及四种甾醇。其中脂肪酸主要为十六碳酸(34．42％)、9,12,15-十八碳三烯酸(10．39％)、9,12-十八碳二烯酸(7．63％)、7,10．13-十六三烯酸(5．60％);甾醇主要为穿贝海绵甾醇。     

鲤鱼肌肉脂肪酸组成的GC/MS分析

目的:研究鲤鱼肌肉中的脂肪含量及其脂肪酸组成。方法:采用国标GB/T 5009.6-2003方法提取鲤鱼肉中的脂肪成分,以碱催化法将其水解并转化为脂肪酸甲酯后,再应用GC/MS联用分析技术,测定分析其脂肪酸组成。结果:新鲜鲤鱼肉中脂肪的含量为6.99 g/100g;共鉴定出34个脂肪酸成分,其中饱和脂肪酸占21.4%,不饱和脂肪酸占78.6%,粗脂肪中的主要脂肪酸成分是油酸、亚油酸和棕榈酸;其余质量分数超过1%的脂肪酸成分有亚麻酸、硬脂酸、10-十八碳单烯酸、9-十六碳单烯酸、棕榈油酸、花生单烯酸和介酸。结论:鲤鱼肌肉中含有丰富的不饱和脂肪酸,分析结果可为相关研究提供基础数据。     

几种食用油中不饱和脂肪酸和皂化值的测定研究

以茶籽油、玉米油、橄榄油、芝麻油、花生油为原料,利用容量分析方法测定其不饱和脂肪酸含量及皂化值.经碘酊法测定,这5种食油用的不饱和脂肪酸含量(以碘值衡量)最高的为茶籽油,达95.46g·(100g)-1,碘值最低的为花生油54.67g·( 100g)-1.这5种植物油碘值由大至小依次为:茶籽油＞玉米油＞橄榄油＞芝麻油＞...     

单体酸的理化性能及组成的GC/MS分析

研究棉籽油酸生产二聚酸的副产物——单体酸的组成及性质,测定了单体酸的碘值、酸值、皂化值等理化指标。结果表明,样品是一种含有较长碳链、不易发生酸败的脂肪酸混合物。样品用甲醇进行甲酯化,用GC/MS进行分析和鉴定,共鉴定出棕榈酸(12.16%)、肉豆蔻酸(6.70%)、十八烯酸(25.61%)、硬脂酸(33.77%)等16种物质。     

“地沟油”脂肪酶NOVO435生物催化制备生物润滑油的工艺参数

为研究以采用脂肪酶NOVO435催化剂催化制备生物润滑油的相关技术,以地沟油为对象,选用脂肪酶NOVO435为催化剂,通过正交试验,对该催化剂在地沟油制备生物润滑油的工艺参数上进行探讨.研究结果表明,催化剂制备生物润滑油的最优工艺条件为：油醇摩尔比1∶6、催化剂用量为油质量的1％、反应温度65℃,反应时间21h;酯交换反应转化率最高可达92.93％.该生物润滑油的成分是由9-十八碳烯酸丁酯、十六酸丁酯、十八酸丁酯、9-二十碳烯酸丁酯等组成.其中脂肪酸丁酯中的9-十八碳烯酸丁酯含量最高,相对质量分数高达48.3％.     

硫氰值与油脂成分分析

(一)总说硫氰值和碘值一样,是测定油脂性状的一种工具,不但可以测定油脂的不饱和程度,而且根据硫氰值与碘值可以计算出油脂中饱和脂肪酸、油酸、亚油酸和十八碳三烯酸的含量。硫氰的化学分子式是(CNS)_2,它和卤素具有同样的性质,能够加到脂肪酸的不饱和键上去。就化学的活动性来说,它比较氟、氯及溴弱些,但较碘为强。当它和油脂的不饱和键起作用时,情况和卤素不尽相同。因为卤素(如测定碘值所用的ICl)和脂肪酸起作用时,不论是一个双键、二个     

竹鼠油的提取、理化性质及其在化妆品中的应用

研究了竹鼠油的提取工艺、理化性质及其在化妆品中的应用。结果表明,最佳提取条件为:料液比1∶5(g/mL),提取时间2 h,反应温度60℃。竹鼠油的理化性质:酸值26.01 mg KOH/g,皂化值151.98 mg KOH/g,碘值76.67 g I_2/100 g;主要脂肪酸含有棕榈酸28.72%,油酸37.81%,亚油酸19.05%,十四碳酸1.40%,棕榈油酸6.72%,硬脂酸3.85%,亚麻酸0.62%,花生酸0.13%,二十碳三烯酸0.30%,山嵛酸0.43%,DHA 0.02%。将竹鼠油加入化妆品中,制备治疗烫伤霜、防冻防裂霜及抗衰老霜化妆品,临床试验结果显示,其疗效好、作用快,使用方便,安全可靠,无毒无副作用。它的生产工艺与传统化妆品相同,制备工艺简单可行,便于工业化生产。     

竹鼠油的提取、理化性质及其在化妆品中的应用

研究了竹鼠油的提取工艺、理化性质及其在化妆品中的应用。结果表明,最佳提取条件为:料液比1∶5(g/mL),提取时间2 h,反应温度60℃。竹鼠油的理化性质:酸值26.01 mg KOH/g,皂化值151.98 mg KOH/g,碘值76.67 g I_2/100 g;主要脂肪酸含有棕榈酸28.72%,油酸37.81%,亚油酸19.05%,十四碳酸1.40%,棕榈油酸6.72%,硬脂酸3.85%,亚麻酸0.62%,花生酸0.13%,二十碳三烯酸0.30%,山嵛酸0.43%,DHA 0.02%。将竹鼠油加入化妆品中,制备治疗烫伤霜、防冻防裂霜及抗衰老霜化妆品,临床试验结果显示,其疗效好、作用快,使用方便,安全可靠,无毒无副作用。它的生产工艺与传统化妆品相同,制备工艺简单可行,便于工业化生产。     

大连牡蛎中脂肪酸的提取分析及抗氧化性研究

采用索氏提取法提取大连地区牡蛎脂肪酸,经甲酯化处理后,用气相色谱-质谱联用技术进行分析和鉴定,研究牡蛎中脂肪酸对超氧阴离子自由基的抑制作用。结果表明:牡蛎脂肪酸提取率为21.70%;脂肪酸主要有9-十八碳烯酸、11-二十碳烯酸、十六烷酸、8-十八碳烯酸、5,8,11,14,17-二十碳五烯酸、4,7,10,13,16,19-二十二碳六烯酸等。同时测得牡蛎中脂肪酸对超氧阴离子自由基有很好的抑制作用,所以具有很好的抗氧化性。     

Chemical Properties and Fatty Acid Composition of Thunbergia fragrans Roxb. Seed Oil

The physicochemical and fatty acid compositions of seed oil extracted from Thunbergia fragrans were determined. The oil content, free fatty acids, peroxide value, saponification value and iodine value were 21.70 %, 2.25 % (as oleic acid), 9.6 (mequiv. O₂/kg), 191.71 (mg KOH/g) and 127.84 (g/100 g oil) respectively. The fatty acid profiles of the methyl esters showed the presence of 90.16 % unsaturated fatty acids and 9.84 % saturated fatty acids. Palmitoleic acid, which is usually found in marine foods and is unique in seed oils of botanical origin, was the major component (79.24 %). The oil can also be used in industries for the preparation of liquid soaps, shampoos and alkyd resin.     

棉籽酸化油的理化性质及脂肪酸组成分析

采用气相色谱法分析了棉籽酸化油的脂肪酸组成,并对其理化性质进行了研究。分析结果表明,棉籽酸化油的含油率为91.33%,酸值为144.35mgKOH/g,碘值为116.58gI2/100g,皂化值为199.80mgKOH/g;其主要脂肪酸为棕榈酸(21.29%)、硬脂酸(2.29%)、油酸(23.72%)、亚油酸(50.23%)和亚麻酸(0.39%),其中不饱和脂肪酸的含量高达74%,具有很高的工业利用价值。     

Determination of Geometrical Isomers of 9,12-Octadecadienoic Acid Present in Food Fats

The present work presents a method to be used in the determination of different geometrical isomers of 9,12-octadecadienoic acid present in food fats. The method is based on isotope dilution, the radioactive isomers needed being prepared by isomerization of cis,cis-9,12-octadecadienoic acid. Radioactivity is acquired through esterification of the isomers by ¹⁴C-diazomethane. For the identification of the isomers infra-red spectrophotometry, alkali isomerization combined with ultraviolet spectrophotometry, gas chromatography, and ozonolysis are used. The isomer to be determined is separated from other fatty acids by argentation thin layer chromatography. The standard deviation of the method was in 15 parallel analyses 0.04%. The sample of food fat to be examined was milk fat, the cis,cis-9,12-octadecadienoic acid content obtained being 0.83%, which corresponded to about one half of octadecadienoic acids of the sample. When a fatty acid mixture with a known composition was analyzed, the cis,cis-9,12-octadecadienoic acid yield was 99.7% on the average, the standard deviation being 0.04%.     

Characterization of Fatty Oil of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Zizyphi spinosi semen</Emphasis> Obtained by Supercritical Fluid Extraction

Zizyphi spinosi semen (ZSS) has been widely used for treatment of insomnia in oriental countries. The aim of this study is to characterize the fatty oil of ZSS obtained by supercritical fluid extraction in terms of chemical composition and physicochemical properties. The chemical composition, including fatty acids and unsaponifiable constituents, was analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometer (GC–MS). The results revealed that 9-octadecenoic acid (43.38 ± 0.03%) and 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (40.58 ± 0.03%) were the main fatty acids, and β-sitosterol (37.39 ± 0.02%) and squalene (30.79 ± 0.01%) were the key unsaponifiables. Furthermore, four indexes were assayed according to Chinese Pharmacopeia (2005) to reflect the physicochemical properties of ZSS oil, their values being determined as follows: acid value (10.3 ± 0.1 mg KOH/g), peroxide value (0.05 ± 0.01 g/100 g), saponification value (194.4 ± 0.5 mg KOH/g) and iodine value (109.7 ± 0.8 g I/100 g). The basic information obtained provides data support for quality evaluation and efficacy research of ZSS oil, and suggests its prospects for development in pharmaceutical and food industries.     

Chemical Composition and Fatty Acid Profile of Khat (Catha edulis) Seed Oil

The proximate, physicochemical, and fatty acid compositions of seed oil extracted from khat (Catha edulis) were determined. The oil, moisture, crude protein, crude fiber, crude carbohydrate, and ash content in seeds were 35.54, 6.63, 24, 1.01, 30.4 %, and 1.32 g/100 g DW respectively. The free fatty acids, peroxide value, saponification value, and iodine value were 2.98 %, 12.65 meq O₂/kg, 190.60 mg KOH/g, and 145 g/100 g oil, respectively. Linolenic acid (C_18:3, 50.80 %) and oleic (C_18:1, 16.96 %) along with palmitic acid (C_16:0, 14.60 %) were the dominant fatty acids. The seed oil of khat can be used in industry for the preparation of liquid soaps and shampoos. Furthermore, high levels of unsaturated fatty acids make it an important source of nutrition especially as an animal product substitute for omega‐3 fatty acids owing to the high content of linolenic acid.     

黑种草籽油的超临界CO_2萃取及其GC-MS分析

以新疆瘤果黑种草籽为原料,采用超临界CO2萃取技术(SFE-CO2)研究了瘤果黑种草籽油的萃取工艺,并对其化学成分进行了GC-MS分析。得到瘤果黑种草籽油较适宜的工艺条件为:萃取压力20 MPa,萃取温度35℃,萃取时间2 h,CO2流量20 kg/h。在该工艺条件下,黑种草籽油的得油率达36.33%。GC-MS检测出6种脂肪酸成分,主要为不饱和脂肪酸,其中,亚油酸质量分数60.95%,油酸质量分数20.54%,8,11-二十碳二烯酸质量分数2.43%,不饱和脂肪酸的质量分数近84%。     

Calculating the lodine value for marine oils from fatty acid profiles

The iodine values of marine oils were directly calculated from fatty acid profiles by using reacting ratios (calculation factors) between I₂ (iodine) and either the fatty acids bound to a triglyceride or the free fatty acids. A total of 20 factors were incorporated from C14:1 to C24:1, placed into an Excel® spreadsheet, and used to calculate the iodine values. The calculated values were then compared to the oil’s iodine value obtained by the traditional titration method. The results indicate that this method can be used to obtain the iodine value of marine oils directly from the oil’s fatty acid composition, thus giving two results from one analysis.     

两步法催化高酸价微藻油脂制备生物柴油

研究了两步法催化高酸价微藻油脂制备生物柴油的工艺条件。测定从产油栅藻培养物中提取的油脂的化学成分,发现油脂的游离脂肪酸含量分布在10%~32%,极性脂含量分布在21%~46%。以此高酸价、高极性脂含量油脂,经过酸预酯化-碱催化转酯化两步法制备生物柴油。其最优反应条件为:30%的醇加入量,1%油质量的硫酸催化反应2 h,其油脂酸价可从初始酸值的17~46 mg/g降低至2 mg/g以下;随后,在醇油物质的量之比为12:1,催化剂氢氧化钾用量为油质量的2%,65℃条件下反应30min,制备所得生物柴油中脂肪酸甲酯的质量分数可达96.6%,甘油三酯的转化效率接近100%。根据《柴油机燃料调合用生物柴油》国家标准,测定了微藻生物柴油产品的品质指标,发现其密度、运动黏度、酸价、氧化安定性等各项指标均符合国家标准(GB/T 20828-2007);热值为39.76 MJ/kg,符合欧盟生物柴油标准(EN 14214)。