工业设计的价值目标与设计特征

工业设计普遍被认为是一种创造性的行为,其目的就是确保产品的质量保障。在全球化的今天,各国的竞争日益增加,工业产品想要增加其竞争力就必须增大对于产品的开发设计水平。不同时期不同的历史条件和社会资源,所研究的对象也大不相同,所以工业设计在其设计价值上也会存在些许的差异。从工业设计的概念以及内容上进行深层次的研究,进一步探讨其工业价值,另外也研究了其设计特征,希望可以对工业设计的长远发展起到一定的参考作用。     

陶瓷设计起源及系统设计

陶瓷设计的起源系统化设计 一、设计的基础概念 设计是人类所特有的创造性活动,其基本含义是指研究、制造物品的一种方法,其包容包括可见的人造物于自然物,其过程大致为构想一计划一实现,其作用是作为一种媒介,协调人与自然、人与环境、人与人及人与物之间的关系。     

基于Pro/E的塑料锥齿轮注塑成型工艺参数设计与优化

随着塑料锥齿轮的广泛应用,其成型工艺的参数化设计和塑料模具的制造将会大大提高其生产效率。针对塑料锥齿轮的结构特点及其注塑模具组成部分的各种结构形式的优缺点,采用基于CAE技术的注塑模具高效设计方法来优化注塑模具的整体结构。该设计方法能优化模具的设计质量,提高模具的设计效率,缩短模具开发周期,降低产品的生产成本。重点介绍基于CAE技术(以Pro/Engineer为例)的锥齿轮注塑模具的设计流程,并详细地介绍其模具的设计和优化过程。     

定向井施工技术的探讨

随着钻井技术的发展,定向井的成熟技术已经成为油田开发中的重要措施。本文针对定向井的井眼轨迹在其设计以及控制方面的技术要求进行了细致的阐述。首先从定向井井眼轨迹的设计入手,其次针对其在设计过程中应该注意的问题进行了分析,最后就其设计参数进行了优化设计。     

基于BIM技术建筑节能设计的应用分析

随着全球范围内能源资源紧张和环境问题日渐加重,建筑节能设计已经成为当前建筑行业最为重要的议题。在建筑节能设计领域,建筑信息模型（BIM）的应用为其提供了新的思路和方法。本文基于此,对建筑节能设计的研究状况以及所面临的主要问题进行深入剖析,并归纳整理其在建筑节能设计中的运用优势,探究其应用策略,旨在强化建筑节能设计的数字化水平。     

耐醇ABS银粉漆的配方设计及施工工艺探讨

介绍了耐醇ABS银粉漆的配方设计,确定了其工艺流程、主要技术参数和工艺要点,讨论了其配方设计的影响因素。     

基于中望3D封闭叶轮的三维CAD快速建模

叶轮是发动机的关键零件,由于闭式叶轮为轮梳与叶片一起格体成型,其设计与制造的要求相当高,其几何结构复杂,CAD设计开发周期长,对实际工作带来较大的难度。如何能缩短闭式叶轮的设计周期？不少设计工程师纷纷要求小编提供此问题的解决方案,     

浅谈影响陶瓷设计方向性的几个因素

大家知道,任何一项陶瓷设计除了有其共同追求的艺术性、审美性、功能性、时代性等之外,还有其特有的方向性,陶瓷设计的方向性在整个设计过程中是至关重要的,它贯穿设计的始终,整个陶瓷设计以设计方向为开始,又以达到设计目的为结束,无方向的陶瓷设计是没有价值的。     

化工工艺设计中的安全问题及控制

安全问题是化工工艺设计当中最为主要的影响因素,为了提升化工工艺设计质量,必须要对其进行全面控制。以安全问题为前提,重点围绕其提出了几点建议,希望能够为相关设计人员提供参考。     

压力容器设计中容易忽视的问题分析

压力容器具有介质危害性的特点,这就要求要对其严格进行设计,特别是压力容器的相关零件,必须要求其按规范化和标准化要求进行设计,这样对设计人员的专业知识提出了更高的要求。本文在对压力容器设计分析的基础上,对压力容器设计中的开孔补强、管壳程压力：换热器的结构以及接头焊接等问题进行了分析.     

Application of simulated annealing (SA) to the synthesis of heterogeneous catalytic reactor

This paper reviews a practical application of the optimization algorithm to conceptual design of a heterogeneous catalytic reactor and catalyst and its synthesis. In particular, a simulated annealing (SA) algorithm is mainly used since it provides a reliable optimization solution without being trapped at local optimum points, which arise from nonconvexities and multiplicities in a complex reaction system. Furthermore, it allows a design engineer to evaluate multiple design options of reactor and catalyst systems which satisfy both user-specified objective functions and constraints. In the final stage of optimization, these generated solutions are fine-tuned by using deterministic optimization. To enhance the efficiency of optimization further, a profile-based synthesis is adopted for the optimization algorithm. Lastly, this research takes into account a number of factors for the synthesis of heterogeneous catalytic reactors such as reactor configuration, uniform and non-uniform catalyst type, and fundamental catalyst design parameters including shape and its definite dimensions.     

微、纳米尺度下三角形构造体的整体最优构形设计

基于构形理论,以量纲1最大热阻最小为优化目标,通过释放“下一级构形体由上一级最优构形体组成”的约束,在微、纳米尺度下对基于三角形单元体的“体点”导热问题进行构形优化,得到尺寸效应影响下的量纲1最大热阻最小的“体点”导热问题最优构形。结果表明：存在尺寸效应影响时的构造体最优构形与无尺寸效应影响时的构造体最优构形有明显区别。通过上一级最优构形设计方法得到的下一级构造体导热性能并不是最优的;整体最优构形设计方法与上一级最优构形设计方法相比,三角形构造体的极限温度得到有效降低,其导热性能得到明显提高。     

基于遗传算法的桁架形状优化及最小质量设计

在工程结构的优化设计中,应用遗传算法的基本原理,研究了离散设计变量全局寻优等传统优化方法难于解决的特殊问题。以平面桁架梁作为解析例,选取桁架的节点坐标和杆件的截面特征为设计参数,模拟遗传操作过程中的生物进化机制,对桁架的构成和形状的优化问题进行了解析。得到桁架在不同情况下的形状优化解,并使桁架质量趋于最小。研究结果验证了遗传算法在桁架的形状最优化和最小质量设计中应用的可行性。     

陶瓷工业热工设备设计优化之探讨

首先讨论了设计及其优化的一般概念,以及热工设备与系统优化任务的异同点。随后,结合陶瓷工业热工设备设计的实际问题,详尽地介绍了设备优化设计的方法和步骤,包括:如何选定设计变量和目标函数,给出特性方程和报价方程,建立最优化数学模型,求解设计变量和目标函数极大化(或极小化)等。采用和推广优化设计方法,将可以改进和提升传统的设计方法,获得更大的经济效益与社会效益,从而更好地适应我国的经济转型和现代陶瓷工业的飞速发展形势。     

响应面法耦合NSGA-Ⅱ算法的隔壁塔结构优化

隔壁塔的优化设计涉及多个变量且变量之间存在复杂的相互作用关系，这不仅提高了隔壁塔的设计难度，而且制约了其在工业应用方面的潜力。为了解决这一问题，本文提出了一种利用响应面法（RSM）耦合非支配遗传算法（NSGA-Ⅱ）对隔壁塔进行多目标优化设计的方法。首先，确定设计变量并利用单因素分析确定各变量水平，采用BBD（Box-Behnken）方法进行实验设计，并通过数值模拟计算年度总费用（TAC）和再沸器热负荷（Q）的目标函数；然后利用方差分析（ANOVA）评估各回归模型的统计重要性,并用二次多项式形式表示；最后通过NSGA-Ⅱ算法对响应面模型进行优化，计算Pareto前沿获得一系列优化方案。研究表明，相比于传统流程，采用该方法对隔壁塔进行分析和优化，能在降低TAC的同时有效降低Q,为隔壁塔的优化设计提供一种新思路。     

Optimal design of liquid-solid circulating fluidized bed for continuous protein recovery

In recent years, liquid-solid circulating fluidized beds (LSCFBs) are being applied as a reactor system in a number of new applications. This study addresses optimal design of LSCFB system at the design stage for the continuous protein recovery. The operation of LSCFB system for continuous protein recovery is associated with several important objectives such as production rate and recovery of protein as well as the amount of ion exchange resin requirements, all of which need to be optimized simultaneously. In this study, an experimentally validated mathematical model was used to perform the multi-objective optimization of the LSCFB system at the design stage. In the optimization study, eight operating and design parameters were used as decision variables. These variables were chosen based on systematic sensitivity analysis of the system which showed complex interplay of the decision variables over the system performance indicators. Elitist non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm with its jumping gene adaptation (NSGA-II-aJG) was used to solve a number of two- and three-objective function optimization problems. The optimization resulted in Pareto optimal solutions, which provides a broad range of non-dominated solutions due to conflicting behavior of the decision variables on the system performance indicators. Compared to the optimization results obtained in the operating stage, the performance of the system was further improved at the design stage optimization as changes in physical dimensions of the LSCFB system can provide better performance than would have been possible by adjusting only the operating parameters.     

Computer-aided analysis and design of robust multivariable control systems for chemical processes

A conceptual framework to design robust process control systems is develope d and its realization through an interactive computer-aided design software is presented. The overall design methodology is based on a unified treatment of recent theoretical results in modern control and new computational techniques in symbolic logic manipulation, singular value decomposition and optimization. Several physical examples are given to demonstrate the application of the design approach and the utility of its computer software.     

模拟退火算法在橡胶配方优化设计中的应用

根据退火算法是一类求解组合优化问题有效算法。将其应用橡胶配方优化设计,利用计算机进行辅助建模和优化,ＩＩＲ内胎胶料配方实例表明该方法十分有效．     

A process performance index and its application to optimization of the rtm process

Resin transfer molding (RTM) is a promising manufacturing process for hig formance composite materials. However, the fact that RTM process design has traditionally been an expensive, time‐consuming trial‐and‐error procedure has p ited its wide application base. This paper proposes a solution to that problem—a simulation‐based optimum process design scheme for RTM. This scheme ei engineers to determine the optimum locations of injection gates and vents so both process efficiency and high part quality can be ensured. Essential to this mum process design scheme is a process performance index, which is defined respect to the major factors influencing RTM process efficiency and part quality This index is then used as the objective function for the RTM process design optimization model. Gate and vent locations are the process design parameters optimized. All data is obtained by running an RTM simulation program, and th netic algorithm (GA) is employed to carry out the optimization procedure for design parameters. It is found that constant pressure optimization will yi process with a short flow path, whereas constant flow optimization will yield process with smooth and vent‐oriented flow pattern. Although there is no dry factor in the objective function, it is interesting to note that both constant pres and constant flow optimization procedures result in process designs with a mil mum probability of dry spot formation. This study finds that, in general, cons flow optimization should be employed if injection pressure is not a major cone otherwise, constant pressure optimization should be used. Two case studies presented to illustrate the efficacy of this approach.     

总体优化提高装置的经济效益-吸收稳定系统的集成设计

通过流程模拟技术,对催化裂化装置吸收稳定系统进行集成设计和总体优化,结果表明,传统的设计方法只注重单无过程及其局优化,往往导致工艺参数设置不当,使总体效率下降。算例表明,对于１２０万ｔ／ａ催化裂化装置,经集成设计和总体优化重新匹配有关工艺参数,在不改变流程和任何设备的备件下,年经济效益可增加４６７．２万元。