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甲壳素制备壳聚糖脱乙酰度可控性的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
介绍了甲壳素(ehintin)和壳聚糖(ehitosan)的性质、用途及发展前景;分析了国内外对壳聚糖的研究状况及取得的成果;描述了制备壳聚糖的实验原理;初步研究了在保证能获得大分子量的情况下提高壳聚糖的脱乙酰度的实验方法;介绍了测定壳聚糖脱乙酰基的实验方法;分析了影响壳聚糖脱乙酰度(Degree of Deacetylation缩写:D.D.)的主要因素。 相似文献
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由β-甲壳素脱乙酰制备高分子量壳聚糖,利用元素分析方法测定其脱乙酰度(DD),利用梯度稀释法测试特性粘度,利用x-射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、核磁共振(NMR)等现代仪器分析手段分析产物结构。 相似文献
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微波法制备壳聚糖絮凝剂的研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
以虾壳作为原料制得甲壳素后,用NaOH溶液浸润然后在微波作用脱去乙酰基和蛋白质制备壳聚糖;研究了影响壳聚糖脱乙酰度及粘均分子质量的因素;选择c(NaOH)=45%~50%,微波功率400 W,一次微波法反应时间10 min,可得脱乙酰度75%、分子质量(3.5~4) 万的壳聚糖;二次微波法每次反应时间分别为5 min,可得脱乙酰度90%的壳聚糖;与传统方法相比,缩短了反应时间,节约了能耗;将实验制得的壳聚糖作为絮凝剂用于含磷废水,絮凝效果明显,除磷率可达90%. 相似文献
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壳聚糖的脱乙酰度直接影响壳聚糖的物理化学和生物特性。在乙酸-水-甲醇体系中研究壳聚糖的乙酰化反应工艺,考察了反应时间、壳聚糖质量浓度对乙酰化反应的影响,优化了反应条件。研究表明,反应时间为6h时,壳聚糖乙酰化反应基本完全,乙酰化反应后,相对重均分子质量基本不变,壳聚糖相对分子质量分布变宽。在优化后的反应条件下,改变乙酸酐加入量分别制备了脱乙酰度为76%,64%和54%的不同脱乙酰度的壳聚糖。芘荧光光谱研究表明,壳聚糖的临界聚集浓度(CSC)随脱乙酰度的降低而增加。 相似文献
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壳聚糖具有来源广泛、无毒无害、功能基团丰富、化学活性强等特点,广泛应用于化工、环保、医药、食品等领域.围绕壳聚糖分子链上活性基团对金属离子的吸附能力,综述了壳聚糖及其衍生物在去除溶液中金属离子方面的研究工作及进展.介绍了对壳聚糖单体进行官能团置换或重组的化学改性法和改变壳聚糖物理形态的物理改性法,详细阐述了交联改性法、接枝改性法、磁化改性法、分子印迹法的基本原理、应用效果和优缺点,并对壳聚糖微球、壳聚糖膜的制备方法和材料性能进行了归纳.结合壳聚糖及其衍生物在制备和应用过程中存在的问题,提出了将化学改性和物理改性相结合制备新型印迹壳聚糖基聚合物,从而实现高效和选择性去除金属离子的研究方向. 相似文献
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壳聚糖季铵盐及其衍生物的应用研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
壳聚糖是一种天然无毒多糖,可生物降解,具有生物相容性。在实际应用中壳聚糖水溶性差,只能在酸性介质中溶解。为了提高壳聚糖的溶解度并改善其理化及生物特性以扩大其应用范围,有必要对壳聚糖进行化学修饰。壳聚糖季铵盐是一种常见的壳聚糖修饰产物,属于水溶性壳聚糖衍生物,由于骨架上有强正电荷,因此其pH值溶解范围较宽。综述了壳聚糖季铵盐及其衍生物在抗菌活性、基因运载、给药系统、抗凝血材料、传感器等方面的应用进展,提出改进壳聚糖季铵盐及其衍生物的合成路线,可合成一系列生物学性能改良的壳聚糖季铵盐及其衍生物,有望将其应用于特殊领域。 相似文献
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Alireza Ashori Jalaluddin Harun Wan Md. Zin Mohd. Nor Mohd. Yusoff 《Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering》2013,52(1):125-129
The present study was focused on the effect of chitosan, a linear amino-polysaccharide, on the properties of handsheets made from bleached kenaf kraft pulp. Chitosan was incorporated into the sheets by three distinct techniques, equilibrium adsorption (pH 5), precipitation (pH 10), and spray application. The chitosan dosages tested were 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2% based on oven dry pulp. Chitosan was found to increase the dry-strength properties of paper such as tear, burst, and tensile index, but its effectiveness was strongly dependent on the method of addition. Spray application gives superior strength properties, followed by equilibrium adsorption. Chitosan is less effective under alkaline conditions. The results showed that chitosan addition improved the mechanical properties of sheets, but the rate of increase in strength properties was higher from 0% to 0.5% compared to 1% to 1.5% regardless of the treatment techniques. 相似文献
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The main objective of this research was to investigate the effect of chitosan content and chemical modification with acetic acid on mechanical and thermal properties of PP/Chitosan. It was found that the tensile strength, elongation at break and crystallinity of untreated PP/Chitosan composites decreased with increasing filler content; however, Young's modulus and thermal stability increased. The treated chitosan with acetic acid have improved the tensile strength and Young's modulus of PP/Chitosan composites. The thermal analysis results show that chemical modified chitosan had increase thermal stability and crystallinity of treated PP/Chitosan composites. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) study of the tensile fracture surface of treated PP/Chitosan composites indicated that the presence of acetic acid increased the interfacial interaction between chitosan and polypropylene matrix. 相似文献
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壳聚糖是一种带阳离子的天然活性多糖,在一定条件下可以发生降解反应,其降解产物具有比壳聚糖更优良的功能特性,广泛应用于医药、食品、农业及环保等领域。壳聚糖与醛、酮可发生Schiff反应生成相应的醛亚胺或酮亚胺化合物,后者在氢硼化物作用下加氢进一步转化为各种N-烷基类衍生物。文章概述了近年来壳聚糖化学改性方面取得的某些研究进展,主要包括糖类改性,三甲基化、N-琥珀酰化、硫醇化和叠氮化改性,环状糊精改性,冠醚改性,化学接枝改性等。 相似文献
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Jing Ji Yongsheng Chen Yulai Zhao Hongtao Zhang 《Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering》2013,52(14):1494-1505
Chitosan is considered as a promising material in the pharmaceutical and biomedical fields based on its unique biological properties. This review presents chemical modifications of chitosan via using photosensitizers, dendrimers, sugars, cyclodextrins and crown ethers as modifiers and places an emphasis on the applications of chitosan derivatives as carriers in drug delivery systems, as supporting materials for tissue engineering, as dye removing agents and as metal ion adsorbents. Recently, the progress on chemical modifications of chitosan is quite rapid and we are confident that a more extensive range of applications of chitosan derivatives could be expected in the near future. 相似文献
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