国内消费者诉求对液体洗涤剂技术发展趋势的影响

面对液体洗涤剂行业日渐残酷的竞争,各企业都不断对产品进行创新,但任何一个产品的成功都要建立在满足消费者需求的基础上。从分析国内消费者诉求出发,深入探讨了液体洗涤剂的技术发展趋势。消费者将愈来愈崇尚绿色天然、健康温和、安全环保、浓缩节能、多功能和多用途的液体洗涤剂产品。最后,对液体洗涤剂的技术发展提出了新的要求。     

Low-Toxic and Nonirritant Biosurfactant Surfactin and its Performances in Detergent Formulations

Developing eco-friendly, nonirritant, low-toxic, and high-efficient surface active ingredients for detergents is an ongoing challenge in the detergent field. Surfactin is one of the representative lipopeptides produced by microorganisms. In this article, we report the surfactin isolated from cell-free broth of Bacillus subtilis HSO121 and purified by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography for detergent formulations. The biodegradability, acute dermal irritation, acute oral toxicity (LD₅₀ and LC₅₀), surface activity, washing efficiency, and compatibility with hard water of the purified biosurfactant surfactin have been studied to explore the feasibility for applications of the surfactin in detergents. Acute oral toxicity tests (LD₅₀ > 5000 mg kg⁻¹, LC₅₀ > 1000 mg kg⁻¹) and skin irritation tests (PII = 0) indicate that the surfactin is a low-toxic and nonirritant ingredient for detergent formulation. Moreover, the surfactin shows excellent surface and interfacial properties of emulsification and wettability, high compatibility, and stability in a wide range of temperatures, pH, and hard water and acceptable properties in biodegradability and foaming ability, which suggests that the biosurfactant surfactin is a promising ingredient for detergent formations in our daily life and for industrial applications.     

十二烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵在抗抑菌洗衣液中的应用

将十二烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵(1227)应用于洗衣液配方制备抗抑菌洗衣液,参照行业相关标准与市售抗抑菌洗衣液对比,全面考察了1227对产品感官和理化指标、去污力以及泡沫性能等的影响;重点考察了复配1227自制抗抑菌洗衣液的抗抑菌性能及其对人体皮肤的刺激性。结果表明,在去阴离子表面活性剂配方体系中,1227同其他表面活性剂的配伍性良好,产品的各项指标均能达到标准要求;复配1227自制抗抑菌洗衣液泡沫低,更易漂洗;复配1227质量分数为2%的自制抗抑菌洗衣液,其质量分数为1%的水溶液对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌作用20 min的抗抑菌率均达到100%,具有较强的抗抑菌作用,远优于市售抗抑菌洗衣液对2菌种的抗抑菌效果,而且还具有较长时效的抗抑菌能力;复配1227质量分数为2%的自制抗抑菌洗衣液对人体皮肤无明显刺激作用。     

微乳型厨房除油污气雾剂的研制

本文阐述了厨房油垢的成因以及常用的洗涤方法、将溶剂的渗透、溶解性能和表面活性剂的渗透、润湿、乳化性能结合,研制一种微乳型的弱碱性厨房清洗剂,在弱碱性条件下达到较好的去油污效果,对环境友好,而且具有光亮功能。选用合适的抛射剂和防锈剂制成气雾剂,解决了洗涤剂对马口铁罐的腐蚀问题。     

新型聚羧酸盐助洗效率的评价

以聚羧酸盐(玉米淀粉氧化产物)作洗涤助剂,用表面张力法测定了新型聚羧酸盐与三聚磷酸钠聚丙烯酸钠对硬脂酸钠在硬水中的临界胶束浓度(CMC),以此为依据评价其助洗效率。结果表明,助洗效率按三聚磷酸钠、新型聚羧酸盐、聚丙烯酸钠递减。新型聚羧酸盐具有良好的助洗效果,对环境无污染,可作为洗涤助剂的主选品种。     

Synthetic detergents from animal fats. Disodium alpha-sulfopalmitate and sodium oleyl sulfate

Summary Disodium α-sulfopalmitate and homologous compounds were prepared by sulfonation of the fat acid with liquid sulfur trioxide. Sodium oleyl sulfate was prepared in an estimated 95% purity by sulfation of oleyl alcohol with pyridine-sulfur trioxide. The solubility, surface tension, wetting, foaming, and detergent properties of these and related compounds were measured. Disodium α-sulfopalmitate is potentially inexpensive, has adequate surface active properties, is a good detergent in hard and soft water, but has limited solubility at room temperature (0.25% at 25°C.). The lauric and myristic homologs are less surface active, but more soluble. Disodium α-sulfostearate is less soluble. Sodium oleyl sulfate has excellent solubility, and surface active properties and is an excellent detergent in soft water. It is not quite so efficient in hard water although no insoluble calcium salts are formed. The future of the two compounds will depend upon successful formulation with builders or combinations with soap or other detergents. Report of a study in which certain phases were made under the Research and Marketing Act of 1946. One of the laboratories of the Bureau of Agricultural and Industrial Chemistry, Agricultural Research Administration, United States Department of Agriculture. Presented at the meeting of the American Oil Chemists’ Society, Chicago, Ill., in October 1951.     

Efficiency of Laundry Polymers Containing Liquid Detergents for Hard Surface Cleaning

Three water soluble laundry polymers were employed for the first time in liquid detergent formulations for hard surface cleaning. The polymers included in the formulations were the sodium salt of maleic acid/olefin copolymer (P1, anionic), polyethyleneimine (P2, cationic), and polyethylene glycol‐g‐vinyl acetate (P3, nonionic). Commercially available surfactants (C₁₀ Guerbet alcohol alkoxylate (FAEO), caprylyl/decyl glucoside (APG), and the sodium salt of ethoxylated alkyl ether sulfate (SLES) were chosen to formulate bathroom, kitchen, and all‐purpose cleaners, which provide the desired broad of pH range for hard surface applications. Their hard surface cleaning efficiencies were also compared with an amphoteric polymer (amino modified polycarboxylate, P4) as amphoteric polymers are the most suitable structures for hard surface cleaning. The standard test method and the cleaning device, the so‐called cleaning robot, were used to investigate the primary cleaning performances and synergies of the chosen polymers in a hard surface cleaners system. Secondary cleaning performance tests, which indicate the effects of the hard surface cleaners on surface modification, were also performed. The results revealed that the formulations containing P3 and P4 gave the better cleaning performance for primary cleaning tests whereas only P4‐containing formulations showed the significant results for secondary cleaning tests.     

三聚磷酸钠在液体洗涤剂中的应用

本文对聚磷酸盐对硬水的软化能力和三聚磷酸钠(STPP)在液体洗涤剂中的作用进行了研究，结果表明，加入适量的STPP可显著提高液体洗涤剂的性能．     

MES在浓缩洗衣粉中的应用研究

从α－磺基脂肪酸甲酯钠盐（MES）的去污力优势,优良的抗硬水能力及其物理形态阐述了MES应用于浓缩洗衣粉的优势,介绍了MES应用于浓缩洗衣粉的生产工艺,并展望了MES在浓缩洗衣粉中的应用前景。     

中国洗衣液市场分析及发展前景

讨论了近几年国内洗衣液的市场变更和产品结构发展状况,对目前中国洗衣液的发展优势、产品种类和产品性能进行了详细论述,并对未来该系列产品的发展前景进行展望。指出,浓缩化、绿色化以及高效化成为洗衣液可持续发展的主要方向。     

ES水基分离型金属清洗剂的研制

ES水基分离型金属清洗剂是一种具有油水分离特性的环保型水基金属清洗剂。试验研究了不同的表面活性剂及其复配物、软水剂、其他助剂及含量对清洗效果的影响规律。该清洗剂在大连某船务公司使用的效果较好,具有实际应用前景。     

国内外过碳酸钠近年来发展综述

综述了近几年来国内外过碳酸钠制备、生产和应用发展概况。制备方法包括化学合成、晶体造粒和性能改进等,但研究重点集中在产品改性即产品稳定化方面,主要采取颗粒表面包覆技术。由于该产品的需求不断增长,国外主要生产公司均在扩产,尤其在美国和欧洲。过碳酸钠传统主要用于粉状洗涤剂中,作为漂白和消毒组分;但近年来各有关公司进行了不少新的应用研究,将其配制成高效清洁剂,将其用于液体洗涤剂,将其制成可用作水体增氧剂的固体制剂等,从而扩大产品应用范围。     

分形理论在润滑油添加剂合成研究中的应用

本文基于分形理论,利用图形处理软件对釜式法和超重力法合成的环烷酸钙的TEM照片进行处理,使用网格法对其分形维数进行了计算,并根据计算结果对不同合成条件下生成的环烷酸钙颗粒的形貌特征以及合成工艺进行了分析对比。结果表明:将分形理论应用于添加剂的产品的形态分析及合成工艺中,分形维数不仅被证明可以作为表征颗粒形貌特征及评价添加剂清净性能的重要参数,同时也与添加剂产品的合成工艺密切相关,可以间接作为评价添加剂合成工艺优劣的重要指标,同时从反应动力学和反应器结构两方面出发分析了添加剂颗粒成核的分形特征以及运动变化规律,说明添加剂合成过程不仅与物料的微观混合情况有关,同时也与反应器的组成结构关系密切。     

液体增白剂CBW-04的性能及其在洗衣液中的应用

考察了液体增白剂CBW-04的水溶性、抗硬水性、耐酸碱性、耐光晒性及其同洗衣液的配伍性和对织物的增白性能。结果表明,CBW-04易水溶,溶液透亮且无明显荧光色,具有良好的抗硬水性能,耐酸碱,同洗衣液配伍性好,对织物具有显著的增白功能。     

脂肪酸甲酯磺酸盐

脂肪酸甲酯磺酸盐简称(MES)是以天然动植物油脂为原料制得的脂肪酸系阴离子表面活性剂。它具有良好的去污性、钙皂分散性、抗硬水性、乳化性、增溶性和生物降解性,并能改进肥皂的溶解性。由于MES性能优良,主要用于合成洗衣粉、复合皂粉、复合肥皂、香波以及个人清洁用品中。对MES的生产现状、产品形式、性能以及应用进行了概述。     

酶与中国洗涤剂工业的发展

论述中国加酶洗涤剂的发展历程。目前酶制剂正在成为市场竞争的有力武器 ,利用它推出新品、提高产品质量和优化产品性能 /价格比。酶制剂可成为中国洗涤剂组成的明日之星 ,为中国洗涤剂工业发展作出更大贡献。     

Study of detergency. I. Effect of the concentration and the kind of detergent in hard water

The effect of concentration and kind of detergent, and nature of oil-on-oil removal efficiency in hard water was studied. Maximum oil removal efficiencies are shown at the same water hardness for a given oil. As the concentration of detergents increases, the water hardness at maximum oil removal efficiency increases and the sharpness of the oil removal peak is lessened. A linear relationship between concentration of detergent and water hardness at maximum oil removal efficiency was found. This relationship is dependent on the nature of the oily soil and kind of detergent.     

洗衣剂市场变革

分析了目前我国洗衣剂的市场状况及市场格局的变化。指出,价格依然是消费者对快速消费品最为敏感的话题,洗衣粉的价格已经基本透明,洗衣液与洗衣粉相比在价格上有更多的回旋余地。论述了推广浓缩洗衣粉的必要性和必然性,指出浓缩化洗衣粉是洗涤用品工业发展的大势所趋。     

洗涤剂助剂的演变——从磷酸盐到沸石到硅酸盐

在洗涤剂组分中，三聚磷酸钠、A型沸石和层状结晶二硅酸盐SKS－6已是被广泛接受的助剂。新型洗涤剂的开发促进了新型洗涤助剂的应用。针对这些助剂进行了产品的市场趋势、生态效应和产品应用等方面的比较。     

脂肪酸甲酯磺酸钠在洗涤剂中的应用性能研究

将脂肪酸甲酯磺酸钠(MES)分别配成液体和粉状洗涤剂,测定不同时间内MES的水解率、表面活性剂的发泡力、表面活性剂和洗涤剂的去污力。结果表明,MES在碱性液体洗涤剂和洗衣粉料浆中容易水解,在10%的碳酸钠溶液中水解率达28.87%;MES在硬水中的发泡力明显好于烷基苯磺酸钠(LAS)。无论是表面活性剂还是在洗涤剂中,MES均显示出超强的去污力,去污力比值是LAS的1.6~1.7倍;MES与LAS复配时,去污力无协同增效作用。