掺铒钨碲酸盐玻璃光谱性质的研究

研究了掺铒钨碲酸盐玻璃的吸收光谱和荧光光谱。应用JuddOfelt理论计算了Er3+的光谱强度参数Ωt(t=2,4,6)、自发辐射跃迁几率、荧光分支比和辐射寿命。从光谱强度参数的计算说明掺铒钨碲酸盐玻璃中Er—O键的共价性强于碲酸盐玻璃中Er—O键的共价性。玻璃的荧光半高宽为52nm,大于Er3+在磷酸盐和硅酸盐玻璃中的荧光半高宽。应用McCumber理论,计算了钨碲酸盐玻璃中Er3+离子在峰值波长1532nm的受激发射截面,为0.91×10-20cm2,大于Er3+在碲酸盐玻璃中的受激发射截面0.75×10-20cm2。由于掺铒钨碲酸盐玻璃的玻璃转变温度高、有较大的声子能量、较宽的荧光半高宽和较大的受激发射截面,是制作高增益的光波导放大器的理想材料。     

掺铒碲酸盐玻璃的制备和光谱性能

制备了掺铒碲酸盐玻璃80TeO2-10La2O3-10RmOn(RmOn=BaO,Na2O,Li2O),用差热分析方法研究了碲酸盐玻璃的热力学稳定性。应用MeCumber理论计算了Er3 在碲酸盐玻璃中的受激发射截面σemi=9.51×10-21 cm2。利用所测玻璃的吸收光谱,应用Jadd-Ofelt理论计算出碲酸盐玻璃的J-O强度参数,Er3 在玻璃中的自发辐射机率,荧光分支比及跃迁振子强度等光谱参数。从玻璃的荧光光镨测得掺Er3 碲酸盐玻璃的荧光半高峰为75 nm。作为光放大器介质的掺Er3 碲酸盐玻璃的荧光峰半高宽与受激发射截面积值分别为铝硅酸盐玻璃的2.8倍和4.3倍,是一种更为理想的宽带光纤放大器用基质材料。     

Yb3+掺杂的锗硅酸盐玻璃的物理和光谱性质

选取摩尔组分为xGeO2-(60-x)SiO2-19CaO-15K2O-5Na2O-Yb2O3(x=0,5,15,20,30,35,45,60)的玻璃为研究对象。通过测试样品的物理和光谱性质,应用倒易法计算Yb^3 离子的受激发射截面σemi。讨论了玻璃中GeO2和SiO2的组成变化对玻璃物理性质、Yb^3 离子的吸收特性、发光特性以及OH^-离子对Yb^3 荧光寿命的影响。结果表明：Yb^3 掺杂锗硅酸盐玻璃具有较长的荧光寿命和较大的受激发射截面,是一种新型的Yb^3 掺杂双包层光纤激光器候选基质材料。     

氧化钠对铁磷酸盐玻璃微结构影响的振动光谱分析

为探究铁磷酸盐玻璃对含钠核废物的包容特性,了解Na2O对其微结构的影响.采用熔融-冷却法制备xNaO-(100-x)(40Fe2O3-60P2O5)(0≤x≤50mol％)系列玻璃样品.利用XRD、Raman和FT-IR等手段对玻璃微观网络结构进行表征,对振动光谱的谱带归属进行了指认.结果表明:所有样品均为均质玻璃,铁磷酸盐基础玻璃结构以Q1结构单元为主,伴随Na2O含量的增加,Q1结构单元逐渐减少,Q0结构单元数量逐渐增加,同时形成了P-O-Na+离子键.在Na2O含量40mol％时,Q1结构单元特征谱峰消失.Na2O的引入,引起磷酸盐网络中非桥氧键增加桥氧键减少,导致磷酸盐玻璃结构解聚,微观网络结构松弛.     

掺Y2O3磷酸盐隔热玻璃的制备及其性质的研究

以磷酸盐为主要原料,通过掺Y2O3制得了具有良好化学稳定性和可见光透过性的磷酸盐隔热玻璃.测定了玻璃的XRD、穆斯堡尔谱、IR光谱及可见-红外光谱,并对Y2O3改善磷酸盐玻璃的机制进行了合理的解释.     

不同氧化物对磷酸盐玻璃结构与性能的影响

在化学组成为40Na 2O·60P2 O 5的基础上,用CaO、MgO取代Na 2O或用Al2 O 3、B 2 O 3和SiO2取代P2 O 5制备5种磷酸盐玻璃体系,用X射线衍射(XRD)和傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)对玻璃结构进行了表征,并测定了该玻璃体系样品的密度、化学稳定性等基本性质。研究发现,用CaO取代Na 2O和Al2 O 3取代P2 O5可以显著改善玻璃的化学稳定性;用SiO2取代P 2 O 5时,玻璃的化学稳定性下降;由于配位问题,B 2O 3和MgO对磷酸盐玻璃结构与性能的影响出现转折点。     

P2O5对Na2O-Al2O3-SiO2系统玻璃结构和分相的影响

通过制备25Na2O-(25-x)Al2O3-50SiO2-xP2O5(x≤25mol％)系统玻璃,并且采用Raman和SEM,研究了高含量P2 O5对Na2 O-Al2 O3-SiO2系统玻璃结构和分相的影响.结果表明:随着P2 O5的不断加入,作为电价平衡体的Na+被逐渐释放,并且充当了网络改变体的角色,造成了硅酸盐网络结构聚合度降低,而磷酸盐网络结构聚合度增大.随着P2 O5的不断加入且Al/P<1时,该系统玻璃发生稳定分相,而且分相机理也由成核-生长转变为亚稳分解.     

P2O5含量对Al2O3-SiO2-P2O5系统玻璃结构和析晶性能的影响

采用高温熔融冷淬法制备Al2O3-SiO2-P2O(5ASP)系统玻璃,用原位晶化法获得了磷酸盐微晶玻璃;用IR、DSC、XRD、SEM等测试方法表征了玻璃结构及析晶性能,讨论了P2O5含量对ASP玻璃结构和析晶性能的影响。结果表明:P2O5含量在35～50%能形成稳定的ASP玻璃。在磷含量较低时,玻璃结构中的P5 主要以不含P=O双键的[PO4]四面体形式存在,P2O5含量较高时,结构中的P-O-键削弱,P=O双键加强,P5 部分以含P=O双键的[PO4]四面体形式存在。随着P2O5含量的增加,玻璃稳定性变差,析晶趋势增强;晶化后的玻璃以AlPO4为主晶相,同时含有少量的Al(PO)3晶相,当晶化温度由650℃升高到800℃时,晶相含量增加并出现YPO4晶相。     

Al_2O_3含量对ITSOFC用SrO-La_2O_3-Al_2O_3-B_2O_3-SiO_2玻璃性能的影响(英文)

采用高温熔融法制备了中温固体氧化物燃料电池用系列硼硅酸盐玻璃,玻璃摩尔组成为40SrO-5La2O3-xAl2O3-(25-x)B2O3-30SiO2(x=0,2.5,5.0,10.0)。结果表明:随着Al2O3含量的逐渐增多,玻璃转变温度和析晶峰温度逐渐升高,而热膨胀系数(CTE)均在9.8×10-6/K左右,这与电极材料8%(摩尔分数)Y2O3稳定ZrO2(8YSZ)在相同温度范围内的CTE相接近。Al2O3摩尔含量为5%的硼硅酸盐玻璃在700℃热处理100h后未能检测到明显的析晶和CTE变化,同时与8YSZ电极材料在700℃保温100h没有观测到明显的界面反应,表明该玻璃具有良好的化学相容性。     

PbO-Fe2O3-V2O5-P2O5玻璃结构与性能研究

钒、铁磷酸盐玻璃作为一种半导体材料受到许多研究者的关注.选择了PbO-V2O5-P2O5、PbO-Fe2O3-P2O5和PbO-Fe2O3-V2O5-P2O5三组玻璃系统,研究了V2O5和Fe2O3对磷酸盐玻璃结构和性能的影响.通过红外光谱(IR)和差热分析(DTA)发现,V2O5和Fe2O3对磷酸盐玻璃结构的影响不同,Fe2O3不但会降低[PO4]基团的桥氧数,还会打断P=O双键,以[FeO4]形式参加网络结构,使玻璃结构趋于稳定.     

骑式摩托车油箱喷涂工艺的改进

面对日益激烈的市场竞争,摩托车油箱外观质量越来越成为影响销售的因素之一。文章介绍了改进工艺后的油箱涂装,该涂装体系提高了油箱外观的丰满度,降低了油箱涂装的生产成本。     

茶多酚提取方法进展

本文综述了国内外现有茶多酚提取方法的现状以及近期的研究进展，并对其优缺点进行了评价。这将有助于中低档茶的综合利用和茶多酚的进一步开发应用。     

COMPARISON OF METHODS OF ANALYSIS OF GYPSUM1

The different analytical methods proposed for the evaluation of gypsum have been subjected to an experimental test. A combination method, consisting of a fusion with KHCO₃ and determination of CaO by KMnO₄ titration, the SO₃ by Andrews method of titration of BaCrO₄ has been found to give very reliable results with the least consumption of time.     

HEASUREHENT OF INSTANTANEOUS RATES OF LOSS OF VOIATILE COMPOUNDS DURING DRYING OF DROPS

A novel technique serves to monitor instantaneous rates of loss of a volatile solute from a suspended drop during drying. A highly sensitive electron capture detector is used to monitor concentrations of SF6 released into a flowing gas stream from a suspended, drying drop. Simultaneously, the appearance and morphological development of the drop are monitored with a video camera. This provides the wherewithal of relating instantaneous rates of loss of the volatile solute to particular events during the development of particle morphology.

Initial experiments have been carried out with drops of aqueous solutions of glucose, sucrose, maltodextrin and coffee extract. The results clearly display the onset of the volatiles-retentive selective diffusion phenomenon. There is also substantial loss of the volatile component later in the drying process, when the drops undergo repeated ex ansion, bursting and cratering due to the formation of internaf bubbles. These experiments appear to be the first quantitative demonstration of major losses accompanying changes in drop morphology.     

用两个形状指数表征粉煤灰颗粒形貌的研究

引用两个形状指数表征颗粒形状的概念,即先将颗粒形状近似为椭圆,再将椭圆图像分离:以圆为基准的颗粒宏观形状指数δ;以光滑椭圆为基准的颗粒轮廓凹凸度,即微观形状指数ζ。分析和发展了近似椭圆模型。并运用图像分析仪对粉煤灰、水泥样品进行实验。结果表明,粉煤灰颗粒的两个形状指数δ和ζ都大于水泥颗粒。证明粉煤灰颗粒的球形度、表面光滑度优于水泥,而且,随着粒径增大,δ和ζ呈下降趋势,表明磨制颗粒越粗。(?)粒形状越不规则。文中还运用近似椭圆模型再现了颗粒的模拟图像。     

典型煤碳燃烧特性研究和数值模拟

本文以三种典型煤的碳燃烧为研究对象，分别采用简单一维沉降燃烧方式和等温加热燃烧方式，实验研究了煤在快速加热条件下，其碳的初期和中，后期燃烧过程。以实验为基础，建立了煤的碳燃烧模型，变工况数值模拟了煤的碳燃烧过程，揭示了煤不同条件下的单颗粒碳燃烧特性。     

剪力对梁变形影响的分析

本文用材料力学的分析方法,导出了一个计入剪力时梁的挠曲线的微分方程式。为了估计剪力对梁变形的影响,在集中力作用下梁内剪力用一个单值连续的反三角函数表示。由能量法确定了截面因子数值之后,定量地给出计入剪力时梁变形的分析结果。其结果和弹性力学的结来是一致的。     

酚醛树脂热降解动力学研究

用热失重非等温法对不同甲醛,苯酚魔鬼洋比的酚树脂进行了热降解动力学研究。结果表明,甲醛,苯酚摩尔比为１．５时,酚醛树旨的热发活化能最高。耐热性最好。     

ANALYSIS OF RECENT MEASUREMENTS OF THE VISCOSITY OF GLASSES

Viscosity of Simple Soda-Silicate 500° to 1400°C Comparison of the results given by English with those of Washburn, Shelton and Libman, indicates a discrepancy in the absolute values of log₁₀ viscosity amounting to 0.6, those of Washburn et al., being relatively too high. If correction for this is made, the isothermal curves of log₁₀ viscosity as a function of soda content are smooth up to 50% Na₂O, showing no inflection. The observations as a function of temperature T are all represented within accidental error by an equation of the type where all three constants vary regularly with the composition. Change of Viscosity of Glass (6SiO₂, 2Na₂O) due to Molecular Substitution of CaO, MgO and Al₂O₃ for Na₂O The effect is clearly brought out by plotting (from the results of English) the change of log₁₀η due to the substitution as a function of temperature. The curves each show a sharp bend at a temperature between 840° and 1050°C, which is designated the aggregation temperature T_a. If we divide these curves by the corresponding percentage substituted, we get curves for each oxide which are straight and parallel below the aggregation temperatures, the slopes (increase of change of log₁₀η per 100°C) being −0.056 (CaO), −0.055 (MgO), −0.018 (A1₂O₃) per per cent oxide substituted. For substitution of 1/2 molecule the slopes are −0.325 (CaO), −0.23 (MgO) and −0.18 (Al₂O₃) per 100°. At the aggregation temperature the change of log₁₀η per per cent is a minimum, 0.03 to 0.06 for CaO, 0.12 for MgO, 0.07 for Al₂O₃. Evidence of Aggregation in Glasses, from viscosity Measurements The sharp bends in the plots of change of log₁₀η due to substitution of an oxide for Na₂O, suggest the beginning of molecular aggregation at these temperatures. These aggregation temperatures are close to the devitrification temperatures, but the effect on the viscosity curves cannot be due to actual devitrification since it does not change with time. Taking the aggregation temperatures as equal to devitrification temperatures, additional isotherms are roughly sketched into the equilibrium triangle of the system Na₂O-CaO-SiO₂. Change of Viscosity of Glass (4SiO₂, 2Na₂O) due to of Substitution of B₂O₃ for SiO₂ The change of log₁₀η (from the results of English) is plotted as a function of temperature, and also the change of log₁₀η per per cent B₂O₃. The curves are more complex than for the substitution for Na₂O.     

环氧树脂羟基值测定方法的研究

利用乙酸酐、吡啶和浓硫酸混合的乙酰化试剂测定环氧树脂中羟基值含量的方法具有操作简便、滴定终点明显和分析结果误差小等优点。