ZnO-B_2O_3-SiO_2玻璃红外光谱的研究

通过红外光谱,对不同组成的ZnO-B2O3-SiO2体系玻璃的网络结构进行了研究,分析了ZnO-B2O3-SiO2玻璃体系的组成改变所引发的基团结构变化.结果发现:ZnO大于30%时,Zn进入B-O-Si网络形成Zn-O-B或Zn-O-Si键;ZnO含量大于40%时,形成[ZnO4]四面体;同时,ZnO含量的增加还会促使[BO3]向[BO4]的转变,以致形成高硼基团;SiO2/B2O3比增加同样会导致Zn-O-B或Zn-O-Si键以及[ZnO4]单元的数量增加,同时也会使得[BO3]向[BO4]的转变,并趋于形成高硼基团.     

ZnO-B2O3-P2O5系封接玻璃的研究

采用熔融法制备了ZnO-B2O3-PO5 系无铅磷酸盐封接玻璃，研究了组成对玻璃结构、特征温度、热膨胀和化学稳定性的影响。结果表明：B2O3和P2O5为玻璃网络形成体，ZnO含量较低时可以参与到玻璃网络结构中，提高玻璃的稳定性；玻璃转变点Tg、熔制温度Tm、封接温度Ts、软化点Td都随P2O5／B2O3减小而增加；B2O3／ZnO是影响玻璃熔制温度的主要因素；ZnO含量对玻璃密度和热膨胀系数影响较大。ZnO-B2O3-PO5 系玻璃在中性环境下的化学稳定性较好。。     

P2O5对Bi2O3-B2O3-ZnO体系玻璃结构及热性能的影响

采用传统的熔融冷却的方法制备了(40-x)Bi2O3-30B2O3-30ZnO-xP2O5(0≤x≤15mo1％)体系玻璃.使用红外光谱、拉曼光谱、DSC和热膨胀仪研究了封接玻璃的结构和热性能.红外光谱及拉曼光谱结果表明,P2O5作为网络形成体,以[PO4]进入到玻璃的网络结构中,玻璃的网络结构性增强.玻璃结构中[BO3]三角体结构单元相对含量有增多趋势,[BO4]四面体、[BiO3]三角体、[BiO6]八面体结构单元相对含量减少.随着P2 O5含量的增加,玻璃化转变温度和玻璃的初始析晶温度升高;玻璃的密度减小.Bi2O3-B2O3-ZnO-P2O5体系封接玻璃热膨胀系数减小,从8.289×10-6℃-1减小到6.354×10-6℃-1.玻璃的软化点逐渐增大,从416℃升高到524℃.     

Sm2O3掺杂对BaO-B2O3-Al2O3-SiO2玻璃形成及结构的影响

借助魔角旋转核磁共振技术,探讨掺Sm2O3后BaO-B2O3-Al2O3-SiO2(BBAS)玻璃(BBASS玻璃)的形成、结构及热处理条件下玻璃结构的变化情况.研究表明:随着稀土掺量的增加,BBASS玻璃的形成区域先扩大后缩小.在Sm2O3外掺摩尔分数为30%时BBASS玻璃具有最大的形成区域.在BBAS玻璃结构中,随着BaO含量的增加,硼氧三角体[BO3]逐渐向[BO4]转变,原先[AlO4],[AlO5],[AlO6]共存的铝氧多面体结构逐渐转变为大量[AlO4]和少量[AlO5]共存的结构.在BBASS玻璃结构中,随着5m2O3掺入量的增加,Sm2O3对铝氧多面体结构变化的影响与BaO类似;对硼氧多面体而言,Sm3 强大的积聚作用使玻璃结构中硼氧多面体形成了巨大的网络.以上差异说明了Al3 比B3 更容易进入稳定的四面体结构.热处理对玻璃结构影响甚微.     

热处理制度对高ZnO含量的Li2O-Al2O3-SiO2系统玻璃析晶及热膨胀系数的影响

以TiO2 ZrO2 P2O5为复合成核剂,采用传统熔融冷却法获得了高ZnO含量的Li2O-A l2O3-SiO2系统的基础玻璃。通过差热分析确定了该玻璃的热处理条件、晶化性能,利用梯温炉实验、X射线衍射分析和扫描电镜对晶化试样的物相和微观结构进行了研究,讨论了热处理制度对玻璃的析晶及热膨胀系数的影响。研究结果表明:含10%(质量分数)ZnO的LAS系统样品玻璃最佳核化温度为(710±2)℃,玻璃的晶化活化能E为(275±2)kJ/mol,晶化指数n为3.11±0.2,样品玻璃在较低温度下失透,并且随着晶化温度升高,样品的热膨胀系数加大。     

热处理制度对高ZnO含量的Li2O-A12O3-SiO2系统玻璃析晶及热膨胀系数的影响

以TiO2+ZrO2+P2O5为复合成核剂,采用传统熔融冷却法获得了高ZnO含量的Li2O-Al2O3-SiO2系统的基础玻璃.通过差热分析确定了该玻璃的热处理条件、晶化性能,利用梯温炉实验、X射线衍射分析和扫描电镜对晶化试样的物相和微观结构进行了研究,讨论了热处理制度对玻璃的析晶及热膨胀系数的影响.研究结果表明:含10%(质量分数)ZnO的LAS系统样品玻璃最佳核化温度为(710±2)℃,玻璃的晶化活化能E为(275±2)kJ/mol,晶化指数n为3.11±0.2,样品玻璃在较低温度下失透,并且随着晶化温度升高,样品的热膨胀系数加大.     

P2O5含量对Al2O3-SiO2-P2O5系统玻璃结构和析晶性能的影响

采用高温熔融冷淬法制备Al2O3-SiO2-P2O(5ASP)系统玻璃,用原位晶化法获得了磷酸盐微晶玻璃;用IR、DSC、XRD、SEM等测试方法表征了玻璃结构及析晶性能,讨论了P2O5含量对ASP玻璃结构和析晶性能的影响。结果表明:P2O5含量在35～50%能形成稳定的ASP玻璃。在磷含量较低时,玻璃结构中的P5 主要以不含P=O双键的[PO4]四面体形式存在,P2O5含量较高时,结构中的P-O-键削弱,P=O双键加强,P5 部分以含P=O双键的[PO4]四面体形式存在。随着P2O5含量的增加,玻璃稳定性变差,析晶趋势增强;晶化后的玻璃以AlPO4为主晶相,同时含有少量的Al(PO)3晶相,当晶化温度由650℃升高到800℃时,晶相含量增加并出现YPO4晶相。     

La2 O3对SiO2-Al2 O3-CaO-MgO系统玻璃结构与性能的影响

采用高温熔融法制备了SiO2-Al2 O3-CaO-MgO系统玻璃,研究添加La2 O3对SiO2-Al2 O3-CaO-MgO系统玻璃密度、耐碱性、弹性模量以及析晶上限温度的影响,并借助红外光谱对玻璃的结构进行研究。结果表明：随着La2 O3含量从0升高至5wt%,玻璃的网络结构发生改变;玻璃的密度和摩尔体积均增大;玻璃的耐碱性能降低;弹性模量从90.5 GPa增加至93.6 GPa后降低,最大值对应的La2 O3含量为3wt%;析晶上限温度从1224℃降低至1209℃后增加至1212℃,最后趋于不变,在La2 O3添加含量为2wt%时达到最低温度。     

La^3＋掺杂无碱铝硼硅酸盐玻璃性能的研究

以La2O3-Al2O3-B2O3-SiO2玻璃系统为基础玻璃,用SiO2替代B2O3,通过DTA、IR等测试手段来研究其介电性能、热稳定性、化学稳定性及结构的变化。玻璃红外光谱分析表明,该系统玻璃结构与未掺La2O3玻璃的结构相同;玻璃的DTA曲线表明,随着SiO2替代B2O3含量的增加,玻璃的软化点增高,析晶温度升高,玻璃的热稳定性得到增强;同时随着替代量的增加,玻璃的耐酸耐碱性也得到提高;介电常数及介电损耗在SiO2/B2O3=2.7时出现极小值。     

Y2O3掺杂CaO-Al2O3-SiO2系微晶玻璃的研究

在CaO-Al2O3-SiO2(CAS)系统微晶玻璃中引入稀土氧化物Y2O3,结合XRD、SEM等测试手段,研究了Y2O3的引入对微晶玻璃烧结过程、微观结构以及性能的影响。实验结果表明:随着Y2O3的引入,微晶玻璃烧结温度降低,烧结时间变短。当Y2O3质量分数为3.25%时,CAS微晶玻璃具有最佳的制备工艺和最好的力学性能。     

钕-铝系稀土色料的研制

通过钕-铝系列色料合成实验,分析不同配比及不同矿化剂等对色料呈色效果的影响,确定最佳工艺方法。对实验结果进行XRD及色度分析,确定其主晶相为钕酸铝,试样的明度均在70以上,色彩鲜艳亮丽。     

Polycrystalline In2O3 and In2O3/Y2O3 photoanodes

Single crystal In₂O₃ shows promise as a photoanode for the decomposition of water. Because of various difficulties in the preparation of the single crystal material, two simple techniques were developed for the preparation of polycrystalline In₂O₃ anodes. One method involves the thermal decomposition of the nitrate while the other utilizes the chemical vapour deposition technique. Voltammograms and photoresponse spectra of these anodes are compared to the single crystal material. Among other observations, it is noted that the quantum efficiencies of the thermally decomposed films are comparable to the single crystal material. It is also shown that the on-set potential can be shifted to more negative values by forming the mixed oxide In₂O₃/Y₂O₃.     

Na2O-Al2O3-Fe2O3系烧结过程中铝、铁的反应行为

以Al2O3, Fe2O3和Na2CO3为原料,对Na2O-Al2O3-Fe2O3系烧结过程中的反应行为进行了详细研究. 基于溶出率与时间、温度的关系,证明Na2O×Al2O3和Na2O×Fe2O3的生成反应动力学都服从Zhuralev-Lesokin-Tempelman模型,表观活化能分别为186.59和80.92 kJ/mol,表明Na2O×Fe2O3比Na2O×Al2O3在动力学上更易形成;Al2O3易与Na2O×Fe2O3反应形成Na2O×Al2O3和Fe2O3,在1273 K烧结30 min,所得熟料Al2O3溶出率达98.51%;Fe2O3对Na2O×Al2O3的形成有双重作用,在1273 K下可加速Na2O×Al2O3的形成,超过1323 K,促使Na2O×Al2O3分解成Na2O和b-Al2O3,且随着温度升高或时间延长,分解程度增高,从而导致熟料中Al2O3溶出率显著降低.     

Phase equilibrium in binary La2O3-Dy2O3 and ternary CeO2-La2O3-Dy2O3 systems

Cerium oxide doped with oxides of rare earth elements is a multifunctional material, a wide range of uses which is associated with its unique physicochemical properties. Phase diagrams of multicomponent systems are the physicochemical basis for the creation of new materials with improved characteristics.In this work, phase equilibria in ternary CeO₂–La₂O₃–Dy₂O₃ and binary La₂O₃–Dy₂O₃ systems in the whole concentration range were studied. No new phases have been identified in these systems. An isothermal section of the phase diagram of the CeO₂–La₂O₃–Dy₂O₃ system at a temperature of 1500 °С is constructed. No new phases have been detected in the system. It was found that in the studied ternary system solid solutions are formed on the basis of (F) modification of CeO₂ with structure of fluorite type, monoclinic (B), cubic (C) and hexagonal (A) modifications of Ln₂O₃.In the La₂O₃–Dy₂O₃ binary system (1500–1100 °С) three types of solid solutions are formed: based on hexagonal modification A-La₂O₃, monoclinic modification B-Dy₂O₃ and cubic modification C-Dy₂O₃ separated by two-phase fields (A+B) and (B+C), respectively. The boundaries of the regions of homogeneity of solid solutions based on A-La₂O₃ are determined by compositions containing 35–40, 20–25, 15–20 mol% Dy₂O₃ at 1500, 1250, 1100 °C, respectively. From the obtained data it follows that the solubility of Dy₂O₃ in the hexagonal modification of lanthanum oxide is 39 mol% at 1500 °C, 23 mol. % at 1250 °C and 16 mol% at 1100 °C. The limits of existence of solid solutions based on monoclinic B-modification are determined by compositions containing 30–35, 65–60 (1250 °С), 35–40, 55–60 (1100 °С) 40–45, 70–75 (1500 °C) mol% Dy₂O₃.In the studied system, with a decrease in temperature from 1500° to 1100°C, there is a decrease in the solubility of La₂O₃ in the crystal lattice of cubic solid solutions of C-type from 16 to 10 mol%.     

Fe2O3-MnO-Cr2O3-La2O3系统紫色颜料的制备及表征

采用溶胶均匀共沉淀法于低温下合成了含少量稀土氧化物La2O3的紫色颜料，并采用颜色测定、SEM、XRD等手段对颜料的颜色、检度及结晶构造等进行了表征。     

Separation of Phases by Spinodal Decomposition in the Systems Al2O3−Cr2O3 and Al2O3−Cr2O3−Fe2O3

Separation of phases was investigated in the hexagonal (rhombohedral) systems Al₂O₃−Cr₂O₃ and Al₂O₃−Cr₂O₃−Fe₂O₃. The binary system shows a miscibility gap with a T_c of 950°C; the miscibility gap for the ternary system was determined for a constant Cr₂O₃ content of 16.6 mol%. Dark field transmission electron microscopy of solid solutions annealed within the miscibility gap showed dark and light lamellas ∼50 to 200 Å thick. X-ray diffraction results for the solid solutions in the ternary system indicated that, in the early stages of annealing, broadening occurred only on (hkl) reflections where l≠0. There was no major change in the X-ray diffraction patterns of the annealed solid solutions in the binary system. Electron diffraction results indicated, however, that phase separation in both systems proceeded in the [001] direction. Solid solutions in the binary system separated very slowly; the separation could be enhanced hydrothermally. The mechanism of the separation of phases in both systems is spinodal and proceeds as follows: solid solution→intermediate modulated phase→equilibrium phases.     

Properties of RO-Y2O3-Al2O3-SiO2 glasses

The coefficient of linear expansion, glass-transition temperature, temperature at the orset of deformation (strain point), density. Young modulus, microhardness, crystallizability, and contact angle are studied as a function of the composition in RO–Y₂O₃–Al₂O₃–SiO₂ (R=Ca and/or Mg) glass systems. The composition ranges for glasses (with strain point >900°C and coefficient of linear expansion of (32–45)×10^–7°C^–1) that can be used for soldering silicon-nitride ceramics were established.Translated from Steklo i Keramika, No. 12, pp. 5–7, December, 1996     

Bactericidal Effectiveness of O3, O3/H2O2 and O3/TiO2 on Clostridium perfringens

The purpose of this research is to evaluate the bactericidal capacity of different Advanced Oxidation Treatments (AOTs) based on ozone: ozone, ozone/hydrogen peroxide and ozone/titanium dioxide on a wild strain of Clostridium perfringens, a fecal bacterial indicator in drinking water. The dose of ozone consumed ranges from 0.6 mg L^?1 min^?1 to 5.13 mg L^?1 min^?1 depending on the process and on the sample. In the treatments combined with O₃, H₂O₂ dose utilized is 0.04 mM and TiO₂ dose, 1 g L^?1. In order to evaluate the influence of natural organic matter and suspension solids over the disinfection rate, treatments are performed with two types of water – natural water from Ebro River (Zaragoza, Spain) and NaCl solution 0.9%. To achieve 4 log units of inactivation, 3.6 mg O₃ L^?1 is necessary in O₃ treatment, 4.25 mg O₃ L^?1 in O₃/TiO₂ system and 2.7 mg O₃ L^?1 in O₃/H₂O₂ after processing the natural water. In NaCl solution, to get the same inactivation, 0.42 mg O₃ L^?1 is necessary in O₃ treatment, 1.15 mg O₃ L^?1 in O₃/TiO₂ system and 0.06 mg O₃ L^?1 in O₃/H₂O₂ process. Even though the three treatments studied have a high bactericidal activity due to the number of surviving bacteria decreases to non-detectable levels, O₃/H₂O₂ is the most effective system for eliminating C. perfringens cells in a lower contact time, followed by O₃ and finally O₃/TiO₂ system.     

Cr_2O_3-Al_2O_3砖中不同组成Cr_2O_3-Al_2O_3电熔颗粒料的抗侵蚀研究

首先以不同比例的铬绿和氧化铝粉电熔制得Cr2O3质量分数分别为15%、40%、50%、60%、85%、99%的6种Cr2O3-Al2O3电熔颗粒料(其编号依次为CR15、CR40、CR50、CR60、CR85和CR99),然后采用回转渣蚀法研究了此电熔颗粒料(4~1 mm)的抗侵蚀性。结果显示:电熔颗粒料的抗侵蚀性随Cr2O3含量的增加及颗粒尺寸的增大而增强;高Cr2O3含量的CR99、CR85颗粒料在渣面层被侵蚀,主要是渣中的FeO和Al2O3对颗粒料的侵蚀,FeO与骨料中的Cr2O3反应,首先形成(Fe,Cr)3O4尖晶石,再与其他物相反应形成了复合尖晶石,当FeO耗尽后,渗入到颗粒内的Al2O3开始和Cr2O3反应,在颗粒表面形成铝铬固溶体;CR60颗粒料在渣面层和渗透层都存在侵蚀,渗透层的侵蚀主要是CaO、SiO2对颗粒料中铝铬固溶体中Al2O3的熔蚀,形成钙长石、钙黄长石以及玻璃相;Cr2O3含量较低的CR50、CR40、CR15颗粒料在渗透层内的侵蚀机制和CR60颗粒料的相同。