二高氯酸四（2－羟基吡啶）二水合钴的单晶制备及结构分析

２－羟基吡啶（ＨＬ）、Ｔｂ（ＣｌＯ_４）_３·６Ｈ_２Ｏ和Ｃｏ（ＣＨ_３ＣＯＯ）_２·４Ｈ_２Ｏ在乙腈中反应，制备了［Ｃｏ（ＨＬ）_４（Ｈ２Ｏ）_２］（ＣｌＯ_４）_２，并且测定了它的晶体结构。［Ｃｏ（ＨＬ）_４（Ｈ_２Ｏ）_２］（ＣｌＯ_４）_２的晶体为单斜晶系，ｐ２１／ｎ空间群，晶胞参数为α＝０．９３１３（３）ｎｍｂ＝１．１５８６（１）ｎｍ，ｃ＝１．２９８４（２）ｎｍ，β＝９７．２４（２）°。［Ｃｏ（ＨＬ）_４（Ｈ_２Ｏ）_２］￣（２＋）为六配位畸变八面体构型，２－羟基吡啶的氧原子同钴配位。     

1-羟基乙叉-1,1-二膦酸铜(Ⅱ)固体配合物的研究

本文合成了六种１－羟基乙叉－１１二膦酸ＣＨ３Ｃ（ＯＨ）（ＰＯ３Ｈ２）２（简称ＨＥＤＰ）与Ｃｕ（Ⅱ）的固体配合物。用元素分析和热重分析确定了这些配合物的组成Ｃｕ（Ｈ３Ｌ）２．１２Ｈ２Ｏ、Ｎａ４Ｃｕ（ＨＬ）２８Ｈ２ＯＣｕＨ２Ｌ．２Ｈ２Ｏ、ＮａＣｕＨＬ．６Ｈ２Ｏ、Ｎａ２ＣｕＬ．５Ｈ２Ｏ、Ｃｕ２Ｌ．３Ｈ２Ｏ（其中Ｌ＝ＣＨ３Ｃ（ＯＨ）（ＰＯ３）２）。用红外光谱和热分析对合成产物的结构及热稳定性作了系统的研究。通过电位滴定法讨论了Ｃｕ（Ⅱ）与ＨＥＤＰ之间的配位作用。     

6,7-二氨基-2-(2′,4′-二甲基)苯基-1H-苯并[de]异喹啉-1,3(2H)-二酮的合成

苊经发烟硝酸硝化，稀硝酸氧化得到６，７－二硝基－１Ｈ，３Ｈ－萘并［１，８－ｃｄ］吡喃－１，３－二酮，它与２，４－二甲基苯胺缩合后用氯化亚锡还原得到６，７－二氨基－２－（２′，４′－二甲基）苯基－１Ｈ－苯并［ｄｅ］异喹啉－１，３（２Ｈ）－二酮。与６－氨基－２－（２′，４′－二甲基）苯基－１Ｈ－苯并［ｄｅ］异喹啉－１，３（２Ｈ）－二酮（Ｃ．Ｉ．溶剂黄４４，或Ｃ．Ｉ．分散黄１１）相比，其在ＤＭＦ中的最大吸收波长红移了１７．６ｎｍ，最大荧光波长蓝移了４２．７ｎｍ，荧光量子产率有所增大。     

1，3－取代方酸衍生物的光谱研究及二聚体、簇集体的形成

本文合成了１，３－取代方酸衍生物：１，３－双［４－二甲胺苯基］－２，４二羟基环丁二烯氢氧双内盐（ＤＭＣＳ），１，３－双［４－双十六烷胺苯基］－２，４二羟基环丁二烯氢氧双内盐（ＤＨＣＳ）。研究了ＤＭＣＳ和ＤＨＣＳ在不同溶剂中的光物理行为，估算了ＤＭＣＳ、ＤＨＣＳ的基态与激发态之间偶极矩差值。在ＣＴＡＢ胶束中，除ＤＭＣＳ单体分子外，ＤＭＣＳ形成了二聚体。在二氧六环－水体系中，研究了ＤＨＣＳ的簇集行为，并测定了ＤＨＣＳ的临界簇集组成（Ｃ＿ψ）及临界簇集浓度（Ｃ＿Ａ）     

葡萄糖-6-磷酸和果糖-6-磷酸的酶法测定

在血液、发酵液或组织液中加入磷酸葡萄糖异构酶（ＰＧＩ，ＥＣ．５．３．１．９）、６－磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶（ＧＤＨ，ＥＣ．１．１．１．４．９）及还原型辅酶Ⅱ（β－ＮＡＤＰ），利用快速、准确的酶法检测Ｄ－６－磷酸葡萄糖和Ｄ－６－磷酸果糖浓度。对该法的专一性、精确性、准确性以及误差来源及消除方法作了讨论。对其它物质的分析作了探讨     

新发光试剂N-(β-羧基丙酰基)异鲁米诺的合成及性能的研究

合成了新发光试剂Ｎ－（β－羧基丙酰基）异鲁米诺（ＣＰＩＬ），并对其化学发光性能进行了研究。ＣＰＩＬ在ＮａＨＣＯ３－ＮａＯＨ介质中与Ｈ２Ｏ２反应，线性范围为２×１０－１０～１×１０－８ｍｏｌ／ＬＣＰＩＬ，检测限为１×１０－１０ｍｏｌ／Ｌ，测定１×１０－９ｍｏｌ／Ｌ　ＣＰＩＬ溶液，相对标准偏差为６．４％。Ｃｏ２＋对ＣＰＩＬ的化学发光反应具有催化增强作用（增强１０倍），当体系中加入一定量的Ｃｏ２＋溶液时，ＣＰＩＬ的浓度在４×１０－１１～１×１０－９ｍｏｌ／Ｌ从范围内具有良好的线性关系，检测限为８×１０－１２ｍｏｌ／Ｌ，灵敏度高于文献报道的ＡＢＥＩ－Ｃｏ２－ＮａＣＩＯ发光体系。     

2－羟基－3－烯丙氧基－1－丙烷磺酸盐的合成

用合成的１－氯－２－羟基－３－烯丙氧基丙烷中间体，经磺化作用，制得２－羟基－３－烯丙氧基－１－丙烷磺酸盐（ＨＡＰＳ）。经元素分析、红外光谱分析和核磁共振谱分析，确证了ＨＡＰＳ的结构。     

胺对镍系催化了二烯聚合规律的影响

以二乙胺为例研究了胺对Ｎｉ（ｎａｐｈ）２－Ａｌ（－Ｂｕ）３－ＢＦ３·ＯＥｔ２＋ｎ—Ｃ８Ｈ１７ＯＨ（简称Ｎｉ－Ａｌ－Ｂ＋ＲＯＨ）和Ｎｉ（ｎａｐｈ）２－Ａｌ（ｉ－Ｂｕ）３－ＢＦ３·ＯＥｔ２＋ＣＨ３ＣＯＯＣ４Ｈ９（简称Ｎｉ—Ａｌ—Ｂ＋ＢＡ）两体系聚合活性和聚合物分子量的影响，并与Ｎｉ—Ａｌ—Ｂ体系进行了对比．考察了通常条件下肢的允许含量，讨论了有胺存在时Ｎｉ／Ｂｄ、Ａｌ／Ｎｉ、Ａｌ／Ｂ摩尔比的变化对聚合规律的影响。结果表明：胺的含量高于２０ｐｐｍ时将使聚合活性和分子量降低，提高催化剂用量可以抑制胺的不利影响。     

4-羟基-6甲基-1,3,3a,7-四氮茚的离解常数和其银盐溶度积的测定

自１９３５年Ｂｉｒ［１］发现４－羟基－６－甲基－１，３，３ａ，７－四氮茚（ＴＡＩ）作为乳剂稳定剂以来，许多人对ＴＡＩ的性质和其用途进行了相关的研究．如Ｇ．Ｐ．ＦＡＥＲＭＡＮ［２］等人利用ＴＡＩ作为防灰雾剂；Ｉ．Ｈ．Ｌｅｕｂｎｅｒ［３］等人利用ＴＡＩ作...     

高氯酸介质中2-羟基-5-仲辛基-二苯甲酮肟萃取钯的机理

报道了２－羟基－５－仲辛基－二苯甲酮肟（Ｎ５１０）从高氯酸体系中萃取钯的机理．结果表明,钯的萃取率随ｐＨ的增大而增加,而与高氯酸根离子浓度无关．采用斜率法测得萃合物组成为Ｐｄ·Ｎ５１０．萃取反应方程式为：Ｈ２Ｎ５１０（Ｏ）＋Ｐｄ２＋（Ａ）＝ＰｄＮ５１０（Ｏ）＋２Ｈ＋（Ａ     

低色度聚乙二醇(200)双甲基丙烯酸酯的合成

以聚乙二醇(PEG-200)和甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)为原料,采用酯交换法合成聚乙二醇(200)双甲基丙烯酸酯大分子功能单体。考察了溶剂、催化剂、阻聚剂和脱色剂对酯交换反应的影响。结果表明,在酯交换反应中,溶剂环己烷能够降低反应温度,且易于脱出副产物甲醇。当m(环己烷)∶m(总反应液)=2∶5,m(碳酸钾)∶m(醇酯总质量)=8.5∶100,m(氢醌单甲醚)∶m(醇酯总质量)=1.1∶100和m(脱色剂A)∶m(醇酯总质量)=2.1∶100时,产率可达到80.2%,色度为50 APHA。     

CIE 1976(L*a*b*)色空间在PVC-U型材颜色测量中的应用

通过对GB 11186-1989《涂膜颜色的测量方法》标准中关于CIE 1964补充标准色度系统、CIE 1976(L*a*b*)色空间的色坐标及色差公式和光与颜色的相关理论的分析,解析了GB/T 8814-2004《门、窗用未增塑聚氯乙烯(PVC-U)型材》中有关型材颜色测量要求,并给出了灰卡级数与总色差的换算关系。     

用色差计测量PTA色相(b值)方法的研究

介绍了PTA中b值测试的国内外现状,及其对工艺及产品品质的影响,讨论了光源、视角、样品质量、仪器等影响b值的因素,指出了在PTA色相(b值)的测试过程中应确定中心值、偏差范围的结果。     

Effect of polymerization initiator on early colour of poly(vinyl chloride)

The development of early colour and the dehydrochlorination rate were compared for poly(vinyl chloride) samples obtained by suspension polymerization using two different initiators, dicetylperoxydicarbonate and butylperoxyneodecanoate. The degree of discolouration was measured on pressed plates and expressed as yellowness index (YI), the polyene sequence distribution was monitored by UV/Vis-spectroscopy, and the degradation rate was determined by measuring evolved HCI conductometrically. The PVC sample initiated by dicetylperoxydicarbonate exhibited more extensive early colour and a higher dehydrochlorination rate as compared to the sample obtained with butylperoxyneodecanoate as initiator. The UV/Vis-spectra showed that the early colour originates from polyene sequences. After extraction of the PVC resins with heptane: acetone (85 : 15) the early colour turned out to be almost the same for the two samples. From ¹³C-NMR measurements it was found that the extract of the sample polymerized with dicetylperoxydicarbonate contains unreacted initiator. We suggest that the radicals formed when the remaining initiator decomposes initiate dehydrochlorination. Our results also indicate that radicals from dicetylperoxydicarbonate may cause long-chain branches during polymerization. The radicals formed from butylperoxyneodecanoate, on the other hand, do not seem to react with the polymer molecules. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Use of a predictive colour model for managing the colour appearance of two‐colour woven fabrics

The aim of this study was to implement a two‐dimensional colour appearance model for prediction of the colour values of weft threads when the optical mixing of a two‐colour woven structure had to match the colour appearance of a single‐colour reference woven fabric. Five single‐colour woven fabrics were woven from five threads of similar hue. One of the samples was chosen as a reference, for which the colour appearance was the goal to be achieved in the two‐colour woven fabrics prepared with the other available warp threads and newly dyed weft threads. The colour values of dyed weft threads were predicted by a two‐dimensional colour appearance model. With dyed weft threads, managing the colour appearance of the two‐colour woven fabric was enabled to achieve the colour values of the reference. In the results, colour deviations between the predicted and measured colour values of weft threads revealed some limitations to the colour appearance model and performance of the dyeing process. After the production of the two‐colour woven fabric, the colour appearance matched the appearance of the reference, resulting in deviations of ΔE_CMC(2:1) = 1.2‐7.8. Moreover, the differences between theoretically predicted and measured colour values of the two‐colour woven fabric were evaluated as small, ranging from ΔE_CMC(2:1) = 1.5‐1.9. The results demonstrated the efficiency of implementing the colour appearance model and the dyeing process of weft threads as an approach to achieve the defined colour appearance of two‐colour woven fabrics, which with small colour deviations matches the colour of a single‐colour reference.     

A comparison of the colour differences computed using the CIE94, CMC(l:c) and BFD(l:c) formulae

The colour differences computed using three advanced formulae have been compared for numerical standard/sample pairs located at regular intervals throughout the colour space. A ratio method was used to compare the values obtained, so that the regions of the colour space where the greatest disagreements occur could be identified. The level of disagreement between the BFD and the CIE94 formulae was generally lower then that between the CMC and CIE94 formulae. In the latter case, the greatest level of disagreement covered a large part of the colour space, concentrated especially in the orange region. It is recommended that studies of the performance of these formulae in relation to visual assessments are made, for real standard/sample pairs located in this region.     

Professional colour communicator-the definitive colour selector

There are several systems available for the communication and selection of colours. A new system, allying precise colour differences to dye recipes, is the Professional Colour Communicator. James and Kevin Park tell us more.     

古铜色UPVC门窗异型材的生产实践及其关键技术

本文以 75窗框生产为例,介绍了古铜色PVC门窗异型材的配方、生产工艺参数及其控制,并重点讨论了古铜色型材在生产过程中的易氧化、塑不良和制品的冲击强度低等问题,从而为古铜色(茶色)型材推向市场作了充分的技术保障     

Universal models of colour emotion and colour harmony

A new set of quantitative models of colour emotion and colour harmony were developed in this study using psychophysical data collected from 12 regions in the world, including Argentina, China, France, Germany, Hungary, Iran, Japan, Spain, Sweden, Taiwan, Thailand, and the UK. These data have previously been published in journals or conferences (for details see Tables 1 and 2 ). For colour emotion, three new models were derived, showing satisfactory predictive performance in terms of an average correlation coefficient of 0.78 for “warm/cool”, 0.80 for “heavy/light” and 0.81 for “active/passive”. The new colour harmony model also had satisfactory predictive performance, with an average correlation coefficient of 0.72. Principal component analysis shows that the common colour harmony principles, including hue similarity, chroma similarity, lightness difference and high lightness principles, were partly agreed by observers of the same region. The findings suggest that it is feasible to develop universal models of colour emotion and colour harmony, and that the former was found to be relatively more culture‐independent than the latter.     

The colour sensitivity of a colour matching recipe

The article examines the concepts of the following three quantities: partial colour sensitivity of a recipe to a particular colorant, colour balance of a recipe, and the overall colour sensitivity and the related property of colour robustness of a recipe. the way to calculate numerical estimates of the above quantities is extended from the case of CIE L *a*b* to the case CMC(l:c) colour difference formula. Results of a few numerical experiments are included for illustration and some possible practical consequences are discussed.