Research advances of un-symmetric constitutive theory of anisotropic viscoelastic liquids and its hydrodynamic behavior

Research advances of un-symmetric constitutive equation of anisotropic fluid,influence of un-symmetric stress tensor on material functions,vibrational shear flow of the fluid with small amplitudes and rheology of anisotropic suspension were reported.A new concept of simple anisotropic fluid was introduced.On the basis of anisotropic principle,the simple fluid stress behaviour was described by velocity gradient tensor F and spin tensor W instead of velocity gradient tensor D in the classic Leslie-Ericksen continuum theory.Two relaxation times analyzing rheological nature of the fluid and using tensor analysis a general form of the constitutive equation of co-rotational type was introduced.More general model LCP-H for the fluid was developed.The unsymmetry of the shear stress was predicted by the present continuum theory for anisotropic viscoelastic fluid-LC polymer liquids.The influence of the relaxation times on material functions was specially studied.It is important to study the unsteady vibrational rotating flow with small amplitudes,as it is a best way to obtain knowledge of elasticity of the LC polymer,i.e.dynamic viscoelasticity.For the shear-unsymmetric stresses,two shear stresses were obtained thus two complex viscosities and two complex shear modulus(i.e.first and second one) were introduced by the constitutive equation which was defined by rotating shear rate introduced by author.For the two stability problems of fluid,such as stability of hydrodynamic flow and orientational motion,were discussed.The results show that the polymer suspension systems exhibit anisotropic character.The PNC systems can exhibit significant shear-thinning effects.For more concentrated polymer nano-suspensions,the first normal stress difference change from positive to negative,which is similar to LC polymer behavior.     

当前民办高校融资难的成因及对策

针对民办高校所需办学经费无国家财政拨款,全部为自筹资金的现状,分析了形成当前民办高校融资难的原因,既有信贷政策、银行方面的因素,也有民办高校自身的因素.提出民办高校要生存,要发展,光靠举办者投入或捐赠以及每年的学费收入是不够的,还需要积极拓展更多融资渠道解决办校融资难的问题.     

脉冲振动预磁器的研究和设计

根据细粒磁性物回收工艺中需要使用预磁器的要求,研究预磁器的工作时序、充放电回路的电器元件特性和电路电压、电流特征.设计的电磁预磁器磁场强度高,能耗低,性价比高.对预磁化电路展开理论计算和推导.首次提出脉冲振动预磁器系统结构,将RLC电路振荡波形转变为振动波形,形成"脉振"高场强,延长了线圈的使用寿命.经实际运行检验,该装置性能稳定,效果好,能耗低,每小时耗电仅0.8 kW,在预磁器领域是一项创新的实用技术.     

城市污水热能资源化的基础研究

作为城市污水热能资源化的基础研究,根据理论分析方法,对有效利用城市污水所赋存的热能时,其节能效果和对减轻大气污染的作用进行了若干分析和探讨.分别计算了流量为1 m3/s时城市污水赋存的热量,以及采暖面积为1万m2时所需的城市污水及赋存的热量,与空调、锅炉相比产生相同热量时的一次能和二次能的消减量,以及相应条件下的污染物年间(采暖期)消减量等.     

Vibrational shear flow of anisotropic viscoelastic fluid with small amplitudes

Using the constitutive equation of co-rotational derivative type for anisotropic viscoelastic fluid-liquid crystalline(LC),polymer liquids was developed.Two relaxation times are introduced in the equation:λn represents relaxation of the normal-symmetric stress components;λs represents relaxation of the shear-unsymmetric stress components.A vibrational rotating flow in gap between cylinders with small amplitudes is studied for the anisotropic viscoelastic fluid-liquid crystalline polymer.The time-dependent constitutive equation are linearized with respect to parameter of small amplitude.For the normal-symmetric part of stress tensor analytical expression of the shear stress is obtained by the constitutive equation.The complex viscosity,complex shear modulus,dynamic and imaginary viscosities,storage modulus and loss modulus are obtained for the normal-symmetric stress case which are defined by the common shear rate.For the shear-unsymmetric stress part,two shear stresses are obtained thus two complex viscosities and two complex shear modulus(i.e.first and second one) are given by the constitutive equation which are defined by rotating shear rate introduced by author.The dynamic and imaginary viscosities,storage modulus and loss modulus are given for each complex viscosities and complex shear modulus.Using the constituive equation the rotating flow with small amplitudes in gap between two coaxial cylinders is studied.     

玉米中转基因成分的定性PCR检测

利用改良 CTAB 法提取玉米产品的基因组 DNA,应用 PCR 检测方法,并以玉米特异性内源基因 IVR 为内参,花椰菜花叶病毒 35S 启动子(CaMV35S 启动子)、农杆茵胭脂碱合成酶终止子(NOS终止子)为靶基因检测玉米中是否存在转基因成分.实验结果表明,有些玉米样品中存在转基因成分,表明市场上存在未经标识的转基因玉米及其加工品.     

利用双折射晶体实现双偏振光叠加的教学研究

利用晶体的双折射现象和它的基本性质,采用现代光纤和CCD摄像放大技术手段研究了双偏振光的叠加和干涉现象,讨论了学生在教学中不易理解的难点问题.     

科技期刊版式设计略谈

对科技期刊版式设计中的标题、插图与空白的处置进行了分析探讨,认为科技期刊版式设计在总体上应是追求格式一致与节奏变化的统一,整体性与连贯性的统一.布局合理的版式设计带给期刊的是整体的和谐美,别具风格的版式设计标志着期刊的个性特征.     

微波遥感的发展与应用

微波遥感作为遥感技术的一个分支,是20世纪70年代发展起来的一门年轻的学科.着重以我国微波遥感发展的历程为例,回顾了三十多年来微波遥感领域学术与技术的迅速发展,比较分析了微波遥感对于可见光和红外遥感有着不可比拟的优越性,因而在海洋、冰雪、大气、测绘、农业、灾害监测等方面都有着广泛的应用.同时提出了目前我国在微波遥感领域存在的若干不足并指出了今后的研究方向.     

单极世界军备竞赛微分方程稳定性的研究

对一国或多国军备竞赛的数学模型进行了研究.单独一国的经济增长服从Horrod-Domer模型,但当多国一起竞争时,弱国将遭受前所未有的严重挑战.通过研究超级大国、另一大国和弱国这三个国家之间军备竞赛稳定性问题,得到了军备竞赛稳定性的条件.     

Adsorption of Pb^2＋ on macroporous weak acid adsorbent resin from aqueous solutions： Batch and column studies

The adsorption properties of a novel macroporous weak acid resin (D152) for Pb²⁺ were investigated with chemical methods. The optimal adsorption condition of D152 resin for Pb²⁺ is at pH 6.00 in HAc-NaAc medium. The statically saturated adsorption capacity is 527 mg/g at 298 K. Pb²⁺ adsorbed on D152 resin can be eluted with 0.05 mol/L HCl quantitatively. The adsorption rate constants determined under various temperatures are k _{288 K}=2.22×10⁻⁵ s^t-1, k _{298 K}=2.51×10⁻⁵ s⁻¹, and k _{308 K}= 2.95×10⁻⁵ s⁻¹, respectively. The apparent activation energy, E _a is 10.5 kJ/mol, and the adsorption parameters of thermodynamics are ΔH ^Θ=13.3 kJ/mol, ΔS ^Θ=119 J/(mol·K), and ΔG ^Θ 298 K =−22.2 kJ/mol, respectively. The adsorption behavior of D152 resin for Pb²⁺ follows Langmuir model. Foundation item: Project(2008F70059) supported by the Scientific and Technological Research Planning of Zhejiang Province, China     

Removal of Pb^2＋ and Cd^2＋ by adsorption on clay-solidified grouting curtain for waste landfills

Pb^2＋ and Cd^2＋ in leachate were adsorbed on clay-solidified grouting curtain for waste landfills with equilibrium experiment. The cation exchange capacity was determined with ammonium acetate. And the concentration of heavy metal cations in leachate was determined with atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Their equilibrium isotherms were measured, and the experimental isotherm data were analyzed by using Freundlich and Langmuir models. The results show that the adsorption capacities of the heavy metal cations are closely related to the compositions of clay-solidified grouting curtain, and the maximum adsorption appears at the ratio of cement to clay of 2 ： 4 in the experimental conditions. At their maximum adsorption and pH 5.0, the adsorption capacities of Pb^2＋ and Cd^2＋ are 16.19 mg/g and 1.21 mg/g. The competitive adsorption coefficients indicate that the adsorption of clay-solidified grouting curtain for Pb^2＋ is stronger than that for Cd^2＋. The adsorption process conforms to Freundlich＇s model with related coefficient higher than 0. 996.     

Effects of different conditions on Pb2+ adsorption from soil by irrigation of sewage in South China

Pb²⁺ adsorption onto a soil by irrigation of sewage in the Pearl River Delta of South China was examined as a function of the reaction time, solution pH, initial lead concentration, organic matter (humic acid) and competitive ions (Cu²⁺). The adsorption of Pb²⁺ onto the soil was investigated on batch equilibrium adsorption experiments. Results show that the Pb²⁺ adsorption on the soil is relatively rapid in the first 30 min and reaches equilibrium at 2 h, and the kinetics of the adsorption process on the soil is well characterized by the pseudo-second order reaction rate. Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isothermal models are fit for the adsorption of Pb²⁺ onto the soil, and the maximum amount of Pb²⁺ adsorption (Q _m) is 7.47 mg/g. The amount of Pb²⁺ adsorption increases with increasing the pH at the range of 1.2–4.5 and reaches a plateau at the range of 4.5–12. The presence of humic acid in soil decreases the adsorption of Pb²⁺ onto the soil at solution pH of 8 since the negatively charged humic acid with Pb²⁺ is difficult to be adsorbed on the negatively charged soil surface. The adsorption of Pb²⁺ onto the soil also decreases in the presence of Cu²⁺ due to the competition adsorption between Pb²⁺ and Cu²⁺.     

Adsorption and desorption properties of D318 resin for Cr（Ⅵ）

The adsorption capability of D318 resin for Cr(VI) was investigated by chemistry analysis. Experimental results show that D318 resin has the best adsorption ability for Cr(VI) at pH=3.16 in HAc-NaAc medium. The statically saturated adsorption capacity of the resin is 265.4 mg/g. The thermodynamic adsorption parameters, enthalpy change ΔH and free energy change ΔG ₂₉₈ of the adsorption reaction are 4.81 and −5.16 kJ/mol, respectively. The apparent activation energy E _a is 22.4 kJ/mol. The adsorption behavior obeys the Freundlich isotherm. The molar coordination ratio of the functional group of resin to Cr(VI) is 3:2. Cr(VI) adsorbed on D318 resin can be eluted by 5%NaOH-5%NaCl quantitatively. Foundation item: Project (Y304121) supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province, China     

Adsorption of D113 resin for dysprosium(III)

The adsorption behavior and mechanism of D113 resin for Dy(III) was investigated by using the method of resin adsorption. Experimental results show that the optimum medium pH of adsorption of D113 resin for Dy³⁺ is pH=6.00 in the HAc-NaAc medium. The static adsorption capacity of D113 resin for Dy³⁺ is 292.7 mg·g⁻¹. The optimum eluant is 0.5 mol·L⁻¹ HCl. The adsorption rate constant is k ₂₉₈=6.8×10⁻⁶s⁻¹. The apparent activation energy of D113 resin for Dy(III) is 14.79 kJ·mol⁻¹. The adsorption behavior of D113 resin for Dy(III) obeys the Freundlich isotherm. The adsorption parameters of thermodynamic are ΔH=14.48 kJ·mol⁻¹, ΔS=54.69 J·mol⁻¹·K⁻¹, ΔG=−1.82 kJ·mol⁻¹.The adsorption mechanism of D113 resin for Dy³⁺ was confirmed by chemical analysis and IR spectra. Funded by the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province (No.201027), Foundation of Zhejiang Provincial Education Bureau (No.20040551) and Zhoushan Science Technology Bureau (No.04114)     

Preparation of Functionalized Graphene Nano-platelets and Use for Adsorption of Pb<Superscript>2+</Superscript> from Solution

Functionalized graphene nano-platelets (FGN) were obtained via treating graphene nanoplatelets (GN) with HNO₃, and served as adsorbent for the removal of Pb²⁺ from solutions. We investigated the FGN adsorption capacity for Pb²⁺ at different initial concentrations, varying pH, contact time and temperature. The characterization results of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermal analysis (TG/DTG), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method indicated that FGN layers were thin and possess large specific area with oxygen-containing functional groups grafted onto their surface. Meanwhile, the determined equilibrium adsorption capacity of FGN for Pb²⁺ was 57.765 mg/g and adsorption isotherms well confirmed to Langmuir isotherms models. The results reveals that the FGN has better effect of water treatment.     

Template synthesis and adsorption properties of chitosan salicylal Schiff bases

To improve the adsorption properties of chemically modified chitosan, the chelating resin of salicylal chitosan Schiff bases was prepared by the template cross-linking method using Cu(Ⅱ) as template ion and ethylene glycol bisglycidyl ether as cross-linking agent in microwave, and was characterized by IR. The adsorption capacity and selectivity coefficient of the chemically modified chitosan for Cu(Ⅱ), Fe(Ⅲ) and Zn(Ⅱ) were investigated, respectively. The results show that the adsorption capacity of the resin 2.73 mmol/g for Cu(Ⅱ) is bigger than that for other two metal ions, 0.22 mmol/g for Fe(Ⅲ), and 0.42 mmol/g for Zn(Ⅱ), and the selectivity coefficients are as follows: KCu(Ⅱ)/Fe(Ⅲ)=12.4, KCu(Ⅱ)/Zn(Ⅱ)=6.5.     

Advanced sludge reduction and phosphorous removal process

An advanced sludge reduction process, i.e. sludge reduction and phosphorous removal process, was developed. The results show that excellent sludge reduction and biological phosphorous removal can be achieved perfectly in this system. When chemical oxygen demand ρ（COD） is 332 - 420 mg/L, concentration of ammonia p（NH3-N） is 30 - 40 mg/L and concentration of total phosphorous p（TP） is 6.0 -9.0 mg/L in influent, the system still ensures ρ（COD）〈23 mg/L, ρ（NH3-N）〈3.2 mg/L and ρ（TP）〈0. 72 mg/L in effluent. Besides, when the concentration of dissolved oxygen ρ（DO） is around 1.0 mg/L, sludge production is less than 0. 140 g with the consumption of 1 g COD, and the phosphorous removal exceeds 91 %. Also, 48.4% of total nitrogen is removed by simultaneous nitrification and denitrification.     

用于Pb2+、Hg2+离子选择性固相萃取的微流控芯片

为实现微流控芯片对重金属Pb~(2+)、Hg~(2+)离子的选择性固相萃取,首先采用3-氯丙基三甲氧基硅烷和5-甲基苯并三氮唑对纳米二氧化硅进行硅烷偶联改性,随后以改性纳米二氧化硅为基础,设计并制备了可更换吸附剂的一体化填充式固相萃取芯片.测试结果表明:改性后不仅吸附剂的团聚现象得到明显改善,且当pH=5时,对Pb~(2+)的吸附率可达99.1%,对Hg~(2+)的吸附率可达98.9%,而对Cr~(3+)的吸附率为20.4%,对Mn~(2+)的吸附率仅为13.2%.即使样品中混有干扰离子(K~+、Na~+或Mn~(2+))时,对Pb~(2+)、Hg~(2+)离子的吸附率仍均可达97%以上.当进样流速≤1.5 mL/min时,微流控芯片对Pb~(2+)或Hg~(2+)的吸附率可达98%以上;以0.5 mol/L的盐酸和2%的硫代尿素为洗脱液,控制流速在0.20.3 mL/min范围内时,芯片对Pb~(2+)或Hg~(2+)的洗脱率均达到92%以上.用于Pb~(2+)、Hg~(2+)离子的选择性固相萃取芯片的成功制备,有助于微流控技术在重金属污染监测领域的应用和推广.     

One-pot synthesis and structural characterization of urea-isobutyraldehyde-formaldehyde resin

Urea-isobutyraldehyde-formaldehyde (UIF) resin was synthesized from urea, isobutyraldehyde, and formaldehyde using sulfuric acid as a catalyst by one pot method. The effects of molar ratios of isobutyraldehyde to formaldehyde (n(I)/n(F)) and aldehyde to urea (n(A)/n(U)) on the yield, hydroxyl value (vs KOH) and softening point of the resin were investigated. The structure of the resin was characterized by FT-IR, ¹H-NMR and ¹³C-NMR. The results show that when the molar ratio of urea to isobutyraldehyde to formaldehyde (n(U)/n(I)/n(F)) is 1.0/3.0/3.0, the yield UIF resin is 67.1%, and the softening point and hydroxyl value are 88 °C and 37 mg/g, respectively. The FT-IR, ¹H-NMR and ¹³C-NMR results show that the lactam is formed by aminomethylation from urea, isobutyraldehyde, and formaldehyde. Foundation item: Project(2006A10902001) supported by the Science and Technology Plan of Guangdong Province, China; Project(2007Z3-D0351) supported by the Science and Technology Plan of Guangzhou City, China