弱还原气氛下淮南煤灰矿物质特性研究

对淮南煤在弱还原气氛下的矿物质特性进行实验研究,用X-射线衍射和红外光谱分析不同温度下煤灰矿物组成变化。结果表明：淮南煤中主要晶体矿物有高岭石、石英、方解石、黄铁矿等,高岭石类矿物含量越高,煤灰熔点越高;方解石和黄铁矿含量越高,煤灰熔点越低。煤灰中主要晶体矿物有石英、硬石膏、赤铁矿等,硬石膏和赤铁矿含量越高煤灰熔点越低。随着温度的升高,煤灰中石英、硬石膏、赤铁矿等结晶矿物含量逐渐减少,生成新的矿物质,莫来石的生成是导致淮南煤灰熔点高的主要原因,钙长石起到降低灰熔点的作用。     

脱水褐煤中矿物质对复吸性能的影响

利用XRF、低温灰化+XRD及FTIR分析胜利高灰褐煤中矿物质组成及特性,在30℃不同相对环境湿度条件下,考察了脱水褐煤的复吸性能,研究了矿物含量对脱水褐煤复吸性能的影响.结果表明:胜利褐煤中矿物有石英、高岭石、白云母、石膏、正长石和赤铁矿等,其中石英和高岭石含量最高,分别占矿物总量的38.1%和28.4%;脱水褐煤的复吸性能受到环境湿度和矿物含量的影响,同一相对湿度下煤样的复吸率随着矿物含量的升高而降低;煤中矿物表面基团吸附水分子的能力较有机含氧官能团弱.     

两种煤配煤降低淮南煤高灰熔融性温度的研究

通过两两配煤的方法,对高灰熔融性淮南煤与4种灰熔融性温度较低煤进行配加,可以显著降低淮南煤的高灰熔融性温度,基本符合Texaco气化炉液态排渣要求。配煤灰熔融性温度的变化不是两种单煤灰熔融性温度简单的加和关系,而是非线形的关系,这与灰熔融过程中结晶矿物形成的种类不同有关。通过X-衍射分析,初步探讨灰熔融性机理。     

基于矿物晶体结构的铝土矿细菌浸矿机制研究

采用环状芽孢杆菌CGMCC12对5种含不同结构硅酸盐矿物的铝土矿样进行了生物脱硅研究.选用铝土矿中常见的橄榄石、高岭石、钾长石及河南铝土矿作为细菌溶蚀作用对象,采用电镜及XRD衍射技术,研究细菌对它们的分解作用差异.结果表明:浸矿12d,细菌对橄榄石、高岭石及石英型铝土矿脱硅作用显著,铝硅比(A/S)分别从7.12,6.11,2.89提高到16.15,11.61,13.56,而对钾长石型铝土矿及河南铝土矿脱硅效果较差,A/S分别从3.69和4.90仅提高到4.64和7.30;细菌对试验用硅酸盐矿物的溶蚀破坏作用由易至难依次为橄榄石、高岭石、钾长石;在细菌作用下,橄榄石向水镁石与石英转化,钾长石向伊利石转化,高岭石向水铝石与石英转化;多种矿物同时存在的情况下,细菌对不同晶体结构的硅酸盐矿物的分解有一定的选择性,对较易分解的矿物破坏作用较快,细菌会优先选择分解含Fe,Ca等生命元素的赤铁矿与方解石等矿物.     

鸡血石的矿物成分

对昌化石和巴林石的化学分析、粉晶X衍射分析、差热分析、红外光谱分析、显微镜和扫描电镜鉴定证实,鸡血石的矿物成分除辰砂外主要是地开石,而不是叶蜡石或高岭石,此外有少量明矾石、石英、黄铁矿等杂质矿物。     

遂昌萤石矿的工艺矿物学及其浮选性能

为了高效利用浙江遂昌萤石矿资源,基于工艺矿物学对浮选性能研究的重要性,研究了矿石的主要化学成分、矿物组成及嵌布特征,并探讨了矿物的浮选行为.结果表明,遂昌矿区横坑坪矿和坑口矿两种矿石的结构类型基本一致,脉石矿物主要为石英,其次为长石、绢云母、方解石、高岭石等.两种矿石的主要区别在于,横坑坪矿样中方解石含量较高,达5.4%,且嵌布关系较为复杂.方解石与萤石的可浮性相近,直接导致横坑坪矿样的选别难度相对较大.浮选试验结果与矿石工艺矿物学研究结果一致.     

渤南断阶带沙四上亚段储层成岩演化研究

渤南断阶带沙四上亚段发育广泛的低孔低渗碎屑岩储层.综合铸体薄片分析、扫描电镜观察和黏土矿物X衍射分析等手段,总结储层发育的成岩作用类型及特征、所属成岩阶段和成岩演化序列;结合地层埋藏史、热演化史和烃类充注史提出储层阶段性时空演化过程和成岩-成藏耦合关系.结果表明:储层中成岩A1期次生孔隙形成时间与烃源岩主生排烃期、有效圈闭形成时间具较好的耦合关系,构成油气成藏的各项条件;渤南断阶带东部和西部因埋深和原始组成物质差异造成储层成岩特征和成岩-成藏过程的差异.根据储层自生矿物间接触关系判定成岩作用顺序为草莓状黄铁矿胶结→石英次生加大/长石岩屑溶蚀→石英弱溶蚀/方解石胶结/长石弱胶结→方解石溶蚀→铁方解石胶结→晚期黄铁矿胶结.相伴随的黏土矿物演化是由成岩早期的伊蒙混层、伊利石和高岭石矿物组合到成岩中后期的伊利石、高岭石、伊蒙混层和绿泥石矿物组合,对应质量分数变化为伊蒙混层减少约30%、伊利石增加约40%、高岭石减少约20%和绿泥石增加约20%.渤南断阶带东部和西部储层埋深差异约400m同时石英质量分数相差约10%.由此造成两者分别处于中成岩A期和B期的成岩阶段进而造成储层物性、油气储集能力和成藏过程的差异.     

温度对鲕状赤铁矿石深度还原特性的影响

深度还原-磁选技术可以高效回收鲕状赤铁矿石中的有价组分铁.为查明还原温度对鲕状赤铁矿石还原特性的影响规律,采用热重差热分析、X射线衍射和扫描电子显微镜等对不同还原温度下鲕状赤铁矿石还原产物的物相组成及微观结构进行研究.结果表明:鲕状赤铁矿石具有良好的热稳定性,其熔化温度为1 312℃;还原过程中还原产生的FeO会与脉石矿物反应,生成铁橄榄石和尖晶石;还原温度是影响该矿石还原过程中物相转变和微观结构破坏的关键;还原温度越高,还原产物的物相组成越简单,矿石鲕粒结构破坏程度越严重.     

干法发汗提纯半水磷酸晶体的实验研究

采用干法发汗提纯半水磷酸晶体制备高纯磷酸.考察了发汗过程中发汗温度、冷却速率、酸浓度、发汗时间等参数对Mg和Sb脱除及净化效率的影响.结果表明:发汗温度越高,杂质脱除越快,净化效率越低,而且所得产品杂质含量也越少;结晶过程中的冷却速率越大,所得晶体中杂质含量也越多,杂质在发汗过程中脱除也越快,净化效率也越低,但是最终产品杂质含量越高;半水磷酸晶体中初始杂质含量越少,发汗所得产品纯度也越高,因此干法发汗可以用来精制磷酸.     

水泥胶砂硫酸盐侵蚀的温度效应研究

研究不同配比胶砂件在5℃、20℃、5℃和20℃冷热交替3种温度的硫酸盐溶液中浸泡1年后的外观、强度和矿物成分变化。结果表明：温度对硫酸盐侵蚀过程的影响与胶凝材料组成有关。温度越高，纯水泥砂浆的硫酸盐侵蚀破坏越快．砂浆中生成了更多的钙矾石与石膏晶体；但温度越高越有利于矿物掺合料火山灰活性的发挥，反而使加掺舍料砂浆受侵蚀程度减轻；且使用活性较低、活性期越长的矿物掺合料时，这种温度效应越明显。     

The Mineral Transformation of Huainan Coal Ashes in Reducing Atmospheres

By using the advanced instrumentation of a Computer Controlled Scanning Electron Microscope （CCSEM）, X-ray diffraction （XRD） and X-ray fluorescence （XRF）, the ash composition and the mineral components of six typical Huainan coals of different origins were studied. The transformation of mineral matter at high temperatures was tracked by XRD in reducing conditions. The quartz phase decreased sharply and the anorthite content tended to increase at first and then decreased with increasing temperatures. The formed mullite phase reached a maximum at 1250 ℃ but showed a tendency of slow decline when the temperature was over 1250 ℃. The mullite formed in the heating process was the main reason of the high ash melting temperature of Huainan coals. Differences in peak intensity of mullite and anorthite reflected differences in phase concentration of the quenched slag fractions, which contributed to the differences in ash melting temperatures. The differences in the location of an mnorphous hump maximum indicated differences of glass types which may affect ash melting temperatures. For Huainan coal samples with relatively high ash melting tempera- tures, the intensity of the diffraction lines for mullite under reducing condition is high while for the samples with relatively low ash melting temperature the intensity for anorthite is high.     

淮南电厂粉煤灰的物质组成特征及其评价

利用XRF、XRD和ICP-MS等方法,对淮南电厂采集的20个粉煤灰样品的化学成分、矿物成分和微量元素的含量进行测试分析,并在分析的基础上,对淮南电厂粉煤灰中有害元素进行环境影响评价,并结合当前粉煤灰的利用情况,提出了合理的资源化利用途径。     

我国若干煤中矿物质的研究

本文采用低温灰化仪分离了我国１８个煤样中的矿物质，用Ｘ射线衍射法对它们进行鉴定。根据煤灰化学成分分析结果，参照矿物标准成分推算各矿物相在煤灰中的含量。本文还总结了我国煤中矿物质的特征，并初步探讨了煤中矿物质组成与沉积环境之间的关系。     

Diagenesis and reservoir quality of the fourth member sandstones of Shahejie formation in Huimin depression, eastern China

Petrographic analysis combined with various techniques, such as scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction, was used to assess the timing of growth and original mineral cements, the controls on reservoir and reservoir quality of the fourth member sandstones of Shahejie formation (Es4). The Es4 sandstones are mostly arkose and lithic arkose, rarely feldspathic litharenite, with an average mass fraction of quartz 51.6%, feldspar 33.8% and rock fragments 14.6% (Q_51.6F_33.8R_14.6). They have an average framework composition (mass fraction) of quartz 57.10%, K-feldspar 5.76%, sodium-calcium feldspar 13.00%, calcite 5.77%, dolomite 5.63%, siderite 0.95%, pyrite 0.30%, anhydrite 0.04%, and clay mineral 11.46%. The diagenentic minerals typically include kaolinite, illite-smectite (I/S), illite, chlorite, authigenetic quartz and feldspar, and carbonate and pyrite. Es4 sandstone has undergone stages A and B of eodiagenesis, and now, it is experiencing stage A of mesodiagenesis. Reservoir quality is predominantly controlled by the mechanical compaction, for example, 45.65% of the original porosity loss is related to compaction. The original porosity loss related with cementation is only 26.00%. The reservoir quality is improved as a result of dissolution of feldspar, rock fragment and so forth. The porosity evolved from dissolution varies from 3% to 4%.     

淮南煤焦结构及其高温气化反应性研究

采用FTIR、TG／DTA和比表面分析对淮南煤焦进行研究,考察了成焦条件对淮南煤焦的物理、化学结构及其CO2气化反应性的影响。结果表明,随着热解温度的升高,煤焦中的碳含量增加、氢含量降低、孔容减小,煤焦与CO2的气化反应性降低;在热解温度相同的备件下,与快速热解煤焦相比,慢速热解煤焦的碳含量较高、氢含量较低、孔容和比表面积较小、与CO2的气化反应性较低。     

添加助熔剂降低淮南煤灰熔融性温度的研究

通过添加A,B,C,D等4种助熔剂来降低高灰熔性淮南煤灰熔融温度。研究表明,添加助熔剂可以显著降低高灰熔性淮南煤灰熔点,且其降低程度随助熔剂种类及用量的不同变化很大,为了更好的观察,预测灰熔点随助熔剂添加量的变化关系,用Visual Basic开发了处理软件。     

Mineralogy of clean coal combustion by-products

Coal combustion technologies are changing in order to burn coal more cleanly. Many “clean combustion“ and postcombustion technologies are developed to remove SO2 and NOx gases, particulate matter during combustion, or from the flue gases leaving the furnace. This paper focuses on three types of fly ash (flue gas desulfurization (FGD) residuals, atmospheric fluidized bed combustion (AFBC) residuals and sorbent duct injection (SDI) residuals) which produced by “the clean combustion“ and postcombustion technologies. The residuals formed by FGD are PCFA (pulverized coal fly ash) grains entrained with reacted and unreacted sorbent and have lower bulk densities than PCFA grains because it contains higher concentrations of calcium and sulfur, and lower concentrations of silicon, aluminum and iron than PCFAs. AFBC residuals consist of spent bed which is a heterogeneous mixture of coarse-grained bed material and irregularly shaped, unfused, spherical PCFAs. The main crystalline phases in AFBC residuals are anhydrite (reacted sorbent), quartz and lime (unreacted sobent), calcite, hematite, periclase, magnetite and feldspars.The residuals produced by SDI contained 65%-70% PCFA with the larger sizes material being irregularly shaped, fused or roughedged. The reaction products of sorbent (portlandite and lime) included calcium sulfate (anhydrite) and calcium sulfate. The chemical properties of these residuals are similar to those of high calcium PCFAs because of the high alkalinity and high pH of these residuals.