Molecular dynamics simulation of chip formation mechanism in single-crystal nickel nanomachining

Nanometric machining simulations of single-crystal nickel were performed using molecular dynamics. The atomic displacement vector method was applied to study the relationship between defect displacement vectors and the crystal slip system during different deformation stages as well as the displacement trend characteristics of workpiece atoms under different deformations.The arrangement characteristics of atoms in the machining region, relative density of atoms at different machining zones, and proportion of different atoms were investigated in detail. In addition, the atom shunt phenomenon was observed by studying the displacement trend of the atoms adjacent to the machining tool, and a method for determining the location of the shunt point was determined. Moreover, direct evidence of crystal transition caused by temperature was obtained. The effects of machining depth on workpiece damage, surface flatness, and workpiece temperature were investigated. With increasing machining depth, the chip gradually changed from spherical to strip-shaped, the damage depth of workpiece gradually increased, but the atomic arrangement of the machined surface became neater. Simultaneously, the dislocation reaction of subsurface defects was studied,and the rationality of the reaction was analyzed using an energy criterion. Furthermore, the overall temperature of the workpiece increased, but the temperature of the chip part gradually decreased.     

Chip formation dependence of machining velocities in nano-scale by molecular dynamics simulations

In this study, molecular dynamics simulations were carried out to study the effect of machining velocities on the mechanism of chip formation in nano-metric copper. A wide range of cutting velocities was performed from 10 to 2000 m/s, and the microstructure's evolution from a crystalline state to an amorphous state was studied. At the low machining velocity, dislocations were generated from the surface in front of the tool, and the immobile dislocation deduced by the cross slip of dislocation was observed. At the high machining velocity, no crystal dislocation nucleated, but instead disorder atoms were found near the tool. Temperature near the tool region increased with the increasing machining velocities, and the temperature had an important effect on the phase transition of the crystal structure.     

切削区温度分布研究

金属切削加工中,切削热与切削温度是一重要的物理现象,切削温度及其分布直接影响刀具磨损和工件的加工精度及表面质量.本文通过分析切削力和刀—屑接触长度的计算,建立了刀—屑接触区的正应力与剪应力的分布计算模型,采用有限元法对稳态切削过程中切削温度分布进行了计算,得到了切削区切削温度的分布情况.     

镍基粉末高温合金的铣削加工

为了研究镍基粉末高温合金的切削加工性,用整体硬质合金TiC涂层和未涂层立铣刀对镍基粉末高温合金FGH95进行铣削试验.通过研究铣削力、铣削温度与铣削用量之间的关系,分析硬质合金刀具的磨损、破损机理,观察其切屑形态,得出了镍基粉末高温合金FGH95的铣削力和铣削温度经验公式.试验表明：硬质合金涂层刀具加工镍基粉末高温合金FGH95的性能要明显优于未涂层刀具,未涂层刀具的崩刃现象严重,涂层刀具最佳铣削速度为40m/min,铣削速度对铣削温度的影响最大,并且随着铣削速度的提高形成了锯齿状切屑.     

高效切削钛合金时刀具磨损试验分析

针对航空发动机典型零件钛合金膜盘在加工过程中刀具磨损严重、加工效率低的问题,采用未涂层硬质合金刀具进行钛合金外圆车削加工试验研究,利用CCD观测系统和SEM的能谱分析（EDX）研究刀具刃口微观结构变化,分析刀具的磨损形态及不同切削条件和锯齿屑对刀具磨损的影响. 结果表明：钛合金外圆车削加工时,刀具磨损主要为粘结磨损、扩散磨损和氧化磨损,切削速度对刀具磨损影响较大,进给量次之,背吃刀量最小. 随着切削速度和进给量的增加,磨损加剧,锯齿屑的高频形成导致切削力的高频变化,这种高频率的冲击载荷在前刀面上产生应力和温度冲击,使刀具形成微裂纹,加速刀具磨损;使用冷却液可以减轻刀具后刀面粘结磨损和扩散磨损,从而可有效地控制刀具磨损.     

刀具几何角度对高速铣削性能影响的仿真分析

切削力和切削温度是影响刀具耐用度及被加工表面质量的重要因素,其中刀具几何角度在金属切削加工过程中对切屑的形成、切削力的大小以及散热条件等影响很大。因此,合理地选择刀具几何角度对提高刀具使用寿命和生产效率、降低生产成本具有重要意义。以铝合金7075-T651高速铣削为研究对象,借助金属切削工艺软件AdvantEdge对铣削加工进行模拟仿真,得到加工过程中切削力和温度随时间的变化关系,并结合单因素法,分析了不同刀具角度的选择对切削力和切削温度的影响。该结果为高速铣削刀具几何角度的选择提供参考。     

切削加工中的刀—屑接触区应力分布计算模型建立

切削加工中,刀—屑接触区的应力分布直接影响着切削加工性能、切削温度分布及刀具磨损等,本文通过对直角切削时的切削力的分析和刀—屑接触长度的计算,建立了刀屑接触区的正应力与剪应力的分布计算模型,通过该模型可直接得到刀具前刀面的应力分布情况.     

刀具前角对螺纹铣刀铣削性能影响的仿真分析

为合理选择刀具前角,提高刀具使用寿命和螺纹加工效率,对某可转位螺纹铣刀铣削加工45号钢进行研究。借助金属切削工艺有限元软件AdvantEdge对铣削加工进行模拟仿真,得到加工过程中切削力和温度随时间的变化关系,对比分析了不同刀具前角对切削力和切削温度的影响,进而优化选择合理的铣刀前角,为实际螺纹铣削加工刀具前角的选择提供参考。     

Molecular dynamics simulation of single crystal Nickel nanometric machining

Molecular dynamics simulation is carried out to study the nanometric machining of single crystal Nickel (Ni). Through an investigation of atomic displacement and the variation of cutting force, it is found that the latter is in accordance with the number variation of elastic displaced atoms in the workpiece. It is further found that the generation of complex stacking faults is the predominant cause of cutting force fluctuation, and the stacking faults with complex structures lead to work-hardening. The temperature of the cutting tool and workpiece is studied during the machining process. It is concluded that the selection of averaging steps has a significant influence on the system temperature distribution. Thus, the time-spatial averaging method, which has a high accuracy and consistency in temperature distribution, is proposed.     

多刀具纳米切削铜过程研究

运用分子动力学模拟技术建立多刀具纳米切削铜模型,工件原子间相互作用力采用eam势计算,工件与刀具原子间相互作用力采用morse势计算,刀具原子间相互作用力采用tersoff势计算.通过分析切削过程中瞬间原子图像、切削力、能量、温度,发现多刀具纳米切削过程并不等同于单把刀具多次走刀,刀具之间相互干涉会影响切削力的变化.结果显示多刀具与单把刀具切削比较,切削力在一定程度内会变小,工件的温度相对较高,最终会影响切削效果.     

高速切削刀具的分析研究

介绍高速切削技术在机械加工上的优势,通过高速切削加工对刀具材料、刀具结构、几何角度和安全性的要求分析影响刀具寿命的因素,得出高速加工切削力、切削温度、刀具寿命、表面粗糙度及切削稳定性影响规律,对今后的实践加工具有参考和借鉴作用.     

一种基于FTS车削的微切削力模型

机械加工中的切削力模型建立对于研究工件表面形貌成型,探究切削理论有着深远的意义。在微切削加工领域,伺服车削通常用来加工自由曲面,但是考虑到尺寸效应,传统宏观领域的切削力模型无法真实地描述切削过程。针对微切削加工领域,提出了一种切削力模型,模型充分考虑了最小未成型切屑厚度,刀具切削刃钝圆以及工件对后刀面回弹引起的摩擦力。由于切削深度不同,所对应的切削原理也不同,将切削过程分为多个区域建模。当刀具切入工件后,随着切屑厚度的减小,切屑在前刀面分别经历宏观剪切、大负前角切削以及耕梨过程,而同时工件未切下的部分在后刀面的进一步作用下形成已加工表面,对应上述过程,将分为4个区域建模。最后,基于自主设计的能够精确测量两个方向切削力的快刀伺服装置(DFT-FTS)设计实验。     

切削2.25Cr—1Mo钢刀—屑间的粘焊破损机理

借助电镜及金相显微镜，分析了多种硬质合金刀具切削２．２５Ｃｒ－１Ｍｏ钢时刀具的粘焊破损行为。结果表明，在重型切削条件下，刀－屑间局部区域里，通过双方原子间的扩散和再结晶，已完全达到了固相焊接的程度；被加工材料与硬质合金元素间的亲合力强、切削力大、切削温度高是产生刀－屑间冶金联接的主要原因，选用超细晶粒硬质合金刀具是解决粘刀问题的途径之一。     

面向数控机床运行状态的切削稳定性预测研究

切削加工过程中出现的颤振失稳现象,是限制机床加工质量和加工效率的主要因素。传统切削稳定性预测模型大多基于机床静止状态下的动力学特性,并采用恒定的切削力系数表征不同的切削条件。但在加工过程中,系统动力学特性和切削力系数会随着主轴转速等影响因素而变化,导致预测的切削稳定性叶瓣图在实际工程运用中出现偏差。针对机床运行状态下切削稳定性的准确预测问题,提出一种切削稳定性叶瓣图修正方法。该方法以刀具系统动力学特性与切削力系数为研究对象,首先建立主轴转速样本信息,将考虑转速效应的主轴轴承运行刚度写入机床有限元模型中,获取刀尖频率响应函数及其对应的各阶模态参数,以此结合模态拟合法和插值算法重构任意转速下的刀尖频响函数,同时以各切削参数为变量构建切削力系数响应面预测模型,进而将与转速对应的刀尖频率响应函数和不同切削条件下的切削力系数作为传统切削稳定性预测模型的输入,并通过结合自适应粒子群算法共同求解各转速下的极限切削深度,从而在全转速范围内绘制切削稳定性叶瓣图。将该方法应用于1台3轴立式加工中心的实际工序中,采用多组预测的无颤振切削参数进行切削实验,并通过切削力信号的频谱分析判定切削过程中未出现颤振,验证了稳定性叶瓣图修正方法的有效性,为无颤振切削参数的合理选择奠定了技术支持。     

航空铝合金高速铣削加工的三维数值模拟

针对当前高速切削加工中模拟直角和斜角的有限元模型将变厚度切削层、螺旋形刀刃分别简化为等厚度切削层和直线形刀刃的不足,采用更接近实际的三维螺旋齿铣刀模型和变厚度切削层模型,对航空铝合金7050 T7451进行了高速铣削加工数值模拟,得到了铣削过程的切削力、切削温度及切屑形状.通过高速铣削实验测得了切削力,在相同的切削条件下模拟结果与实验结果比较吻合,切削温度及切屑形状也与实际相符.研究表明,三维螺旋齿铣刀模型和变厚度切削层模型可以准确模拟高速铣削加工过程,能够进一步用于研究切削参数与切削力、切削热之间的关系,进行切削参数及刀具寿命优化.     

铁—锰—铝—铬奥氏体钢难切削性的对策

本文报导了铁锰铝铬奥氏体钢切削加工的变形系数、摩擦系数、切削温度、切削力的测定和分析,切屑层片结构形貌和切屑根部显微组织观察和研究。结果表明,这类钢的切削机理及特点仍符合金属切削的一般规律,但其最大摩擦系数和最小切屑变形系数都出现在较低的切削速度范围内。同时,根据最佳切削温度原则,采用径向磨损率最小的方法,进行切削用量实验优化,建立了可供现场应用的进给量和最佳切削速度的关系方程。     

基于ABAQUS的钛合金稳态切削模拟

本文基于ABAQUS软件的Johnson-Cook材料模型以及ALE网格划分技术对钛合金稳态切削加工过程进行了有限元模拟,并研究了钛合金的切屑成型过程、切削层的塑形应变以及工件温度的分布,从切屑形状上看,模拟结果与试验结果基本吻合。在此基础上分析了不同切削前角、切削深度和切削速度等参数对切削力的影响,发现在一定范围内适当增大切削前角或减小切削深度有利于切削的进行,此外切削速度的变化在一定范围内对切削力影响较小。     

ZrO_2陶瓷激光加热辅助切削加工技术

为了解决高强度、高脆性氧化锆(ZrO2)陶瓷材料加工困题的问题,对激光加热辅助切削(Laser-assisted machining,LAM)ZrO2陶瓷加工技术进行了研究。建立了热传递的三维模型,并采用ANSYS软件进行了温度场有限元仿真。搭建了切削试验系统并进行了加工试验。试验采用Nd:YAG激光器进行连续加热,红外线测温仪测量表面温度,压电式测力仪在线测量切削力,并对切屑形状、刀具磨损状态和加工质量做了研究。结果表明:相对传统切削加工技术,LAM加工技术能够有效地减小切削力,减缓刀具磨损和改善加工表面质量。     

激光加热辅助切削技术及研究进展

激光加热辅助切削技术将激光作为热源来提高切削区的温度,达到降低切削力、延长刀具寿命、提高表面质量及加工效率的目的.介绍了激光加热辅助切削技术的特点、加工方式及加工机理,从仿真研究与试验研究两方面,对激光加热辅助切削技术的研究现状进行了分析和总结,讨论了其研究的发展方向.     

Experimental Study of Machinability in Millgrinding of SiCp/Al Composites

An attempt was made to investigate the machinability of Si Cp/Al composites based on the experimental study using mill-grinding processing method. The experiments were carried out on a high-speed CNC machining center using integrated abrasive cutting tool. The effects of combined machining parameters, e g, cutting speed(vs), feed rate(vf), and depth of cut(ap), with the same change of material removal rate(MRR) on the mill-grinding force and surface roughness(Ra) were investigated. The formation mechanism of typical machined surface defects was analyzed by SEM. The experimental results reveal that with the same change of material removal rate, lower mill-grinding force values can be gained by increasing depth of cut and feed rate simultaneously at higher cutting speed. With the same change of MRR value, lower surface roughness values can be gained by increasing the feed rate at higher cutting speed, rather than just increasing the depth of cut, or increasing the feed rate and depth of cut simultaneously. The machined surface of Si Cp/Al composites reveals typical defects which can influence surface integrity.