Impact energy analysis of turbulent water sprays for continuous centrifugal concentration

A SLon full-scale continuous centrifugal concentrator was used to reconcentrate hematite from a high gradient magnetic separation concentrate to study the effect of impact angle, concentrate mass and drum rotation speed on the impact energy of turbulent water sprays for continuous centrifugal concentration, under conditions of feed volume flow rate around 9 m3/h, feed solid concentration of 25%-35% and reciprocating velocity of water sprays at 0.05 m/s. The results indicate that a minimal critical impact energy is required in the water sprays for achieving continuous concentration of the concentrator; an unfitted impact angle reduces the impact efficiency, and the highest impact efficiency of 0.6416 is found at the mpact angle of 60°; the increase in concentrate mass leads to an increase in impact energy, and the highest impact efficiency is maintained when the concentrate mass varies in the range of 0.44-0.59 kg/s; when the concentrate mass and the pressure of water sprays are kept at around 0.45 kg/s and in the range of 0.4-0.6 MPa respectively, the impact energy increases proportionally with the increase of drum rotation speed.     

Synthesis of PDMS-PS IPN Pervaporation Membrane for Pervaporation Recovery of Butanol

Polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)-polystyrene(PS) interpenetrating polymer network(IPN) was prepared and characterized by FTIR, TGA, WCA, swelling experiments, and SEM. The IPN was used for pervaporation(PV) recovery of butanol. Both the permeation flux and separation factor increased with feed temperature, and both water and butanol fluxes increased with feed concentration, while no obvious effect of concentration on separation factor was found. Through the formation of IPN structure, the total flux of PDMS-PS IPN pervaporation membrane increased greatly with the decrease of separation factor. At the feed temperature of 60 °C, the IPN membrane obtained a total flux of 920.3 g/m~2 h with a separation factor of 9.5.     

Insights in active pulsing air separation technology for coarse coal slime by DEM-CFD approach

To research a novel technology for dry coarse coal slime beneficiation and extend its application, active pulsing air separation technology was investigated by DEM-CFD coupling simulation approach. The results show that the ash content of feed is reduced by 10%-15% and the organic efficiency is up to 91.78% by using the active pulsing air separation technology. The gas-solid flow in the active pulsing air classifier was simulated. Meanwhile, the characteristics of particle motion and the separation process of different particles were analyzed, and the mechanical structure of the classifier was also modified to achieve high separation efficiency. Therefore, a novel high-efficiency dry beneficiation technique was advanced for coarse coal slime.     

Preparation and properties of carbon fiber chiral materials

The chiral materials were prepared by using the carbon fiber helices as chiral inclusions, and the composite of Fe3O4 and polyaniline as matrix. The electromagnetic properties, including the rotation angles, the axial ratios and the complex chirality parameters, were measured by using a circular waveguide method in the 8.5-11.0 GHz frequency range. The dependence of these electromagnetic properties on the frequency and the concentration of the Fe3O4 in the composite matrix were analyzed. The results show that an appropriate concentration of Fe3O4 in the matrix is useful in improving the electromagnetic properties of the chiral material.     

Controlling of crustacean zooplankton reproduction in biological activated carbon （BAC） filters by strengthen operation and management of conventional process

To counter the mass reproduction and penetration of crustacean zooplankton in Biological Activated Carbon(BAC)filters which may result in the presence of organisms in potable water and water pollution,this paper analyzed the factors affecting organisms’ reproduction in BAC filters.A comparative study was performed on the density and composition of crustacean zooplankton of the concerned water treatment units of two advanced water plants(Plant A and B)which with the same raw water and the same treatment technique in southern China.The results obtained show that the crustaceans’ density and composition was very different between the sand filtered water of Plant A and Plant B.which Harpacticoida bred sharply in the sediment tanks and penetrated sand filter into BAC filters was the primary reason of crustaceans reproduce in BAC filters of Plant A.For prevention of the organisms reproduction in BAC,some strengthen measures was taken including pre-chlorination,cleaning coagulation tanks and sediment tanks completely,increasing sludge disposal frequency to stop organisms enter BAC filters,and the finished water quality was improved and enhanced.     

Synthesis of HTPB based PU-PS IPN membrane for pervaporation recovery of butanol

Hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene(HTPB) based polyurethane(PU)-polystyrene(PS) interpenetrating polymer network(IPN) was prepared and characterized by FTIR, TGA, WCA, swelling experiments, and SEM. The IPN was used for pervaporation(PV) recovery of butanol. Both the permeation flux and separation factor increased with feed temperature, and both water and butanol fluxes increased with feed concentration while no obvious effect of concentration on separation factor was found. Through the formation of IPN structure, the total flux of HTPB based PU increased greatly with the decrease of separation factor. At the feed temperature of 60 °C, the IPN membrane obtained a total flux of 613.3 g/m~2 h with a separation factor of 6.15.     

Fundamental studies on enhancing heat transfer in contact zone during high efficiency grinding

On the basis of research on the thermal effect in grinding contact zone during high efficiency grinding, an idea of enhancing heat transfer in contact zone using high pressure water jet impinging is advanced. Fundamental heat transfer experiments on enhancing heat transfer with high pressure water jet impinging were completed. The maximum speed of jet impinging reaches 110m/s. The experimental results of transient and steady-state experiment prove that the critical heat flux and the heat-transfer coefficient of water jet impinging are 70 and 30 times those of the pool boiling, respectively. Furthermore, a new grinding fluid supply system was employed to enhance heat transfer in grinding zone by high-pressure water jet impingement during creep feed grinding. The experimental results show that high-pressure water jet impinging has remarkable cooling effect. The temperature of the workpiece surface can be steadily kept below 100℃, while the workpiece is badly burnt with conventional coolant supply. The stu     

Preparation of γ-methacryloxypropyl Trimethoxy Silane Cross-linked PDMS Membrane for Pervaporation Recovery of Butanol

The present study aimed to improve the pervaporation(PV) performances of polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS) membranes by using special cross-linkers. The γ-methacryloxypropyl trimethoxy silane(KH-570) cross-linked PDMS membranes were fabricated and characterized by FTIR, TGA, WCA, DSC, SEM, and swelling properties. Experimental results showed that the separation factor of the membrane increased slightly with the feed temperature whereas permeate flux increased. Butanol flux increased slowly with the feed concentration while the water flux decreased. The overall result indicated that the separation factor decreased slowly with the feed concentration. The membrane, with a thickness of 55 μm, showed a total flux of 308.4 g/m~2h with a separation factor of 26.8 at 70 ℃, and butanol permeability reached 11.13×10~5 Barrer with a membrane selectivity of 56.0.     

Scattering wave field around a cavity with circular cross-section embedded in saturated soil using boundary element method

Based on Biot＇s theory and considering the properties of a cavity, the boundary integral equations for the numerical simulation of wave scattering around a cavity with a circular cross-section embedded in saturated soil are obtained using integral transform methods. The Cauchy type singularity of the boundary integral equation is discussed. The effectiveness of the properties of soil mass and incident field on the dynamic stress concentration and pore pressure concentration around a cavity is analyzed. Our results are in good agreement with the existing solution. The numerical results of this work show that the dynamic stress concentration and pore pressure concentration are influenced by the degree of fluid-solid coupling as well as the pore compressibility and water permeability of saturated soil. With increased degree of fluid-solid coupling, the dynamic stress concentration improves from 1.87 to 3.42 and the scattering becomes more significant. With decreased index of soil mass compressibility, the dynamic stress concentration increases and its maximum reaches 3.67. The dynamic stress concentration increases from 1.64 to 3.49 and pore pressure concentration improves from 0.18 to 0.46 with decreased water permeability of saturated soil.     

Treatment of textile dye effluent using a self-made positively charged nanofiltration membrane

A self-made positively charged nanofi ltration(NF)membrane was used to treat textile dye effluent to generate water for reuse,and the factors affecting nanofi ltration process such as operating pressure,feed flow and membrane cleaning were investigated.With an applied pressure of 1.0 MPa and a feed flow of 40 L/h,this NF membrane has a removal of 93.3% for CODcr and a reduction of approximately 51.0% in TDS,salinity and conductivity achieving the chroma removal of 100%.The permeate obtained through this membrane is suitable for recycling.Moreover,the membrane could be reused after being cleaned with 1% NaOH solution.     

Falcon选矿机的分选机理及其应用

Falcon选矿机是一种新型的离心分选机．为研究其分选机理，以Falcon SB离心分选机为例，建立了球形颗粒在离心分选机分层区和分选区的动力学方程．分析结果表明，在Falcon SB分层区，高强度离心加速度是实现微细颗粒快速沉降的关键因素；分选区内独特的流态化反冲水形成流态化床层，使得微细高密度颗粒穿过床层沉积到来复圈槽中，而低密度颗粒所受的离心力较小，加上难以克服反冲水的作用而进入尾矿，从而实现了不同密度微细颗粒的有效分选．采用Falcon SB40选矿机分选一0．074mm电路板的试验结果表明：在入料浓度为40g／L，给料速度为160L／h，反冲水压力为0．01MPa，滚筒旋转频率为50Hz时，一次分选获得金属富集体的品位为76．89％，回收率82．19％，综合效率80．77％．     

细粒煤重介质离心分选脱硫试验研究

在重介质条件下利用Falcon离心重力分选系统,研究了-500μm不同窄粒级南桐细粒煤的脱硫降灰效果.采用可燃体回收率、脱灰率、脱硫率、脱硫效率4个指标,对比分析了Falcon重介离心分选和常规浮选对南桐细粒高硫煤各粒级的分选效果,结果表明:对于-500μm细粒级煤,脱灰率低于常规浮选,而其余3个指标均高于浮选.125μm是分选效果的显著分界粒度,500～125μm粒级煤的脱硫率、脱灰率高于浮选,而可燃体回收率低于浮选.-125μm粒级煤的脱硫率、脱灰率低于浮选,而可燃体回收率高于浮选.     

新型α旋流器结构的改进与实验研究

针对集成膜法海水软化技术及装置对海水纳滤前的分离粒度及效率的要求,开发出内置螺旋导流板和曲线长锥体的新型α旋流器。对4种尺寸相同但结构不同的α旋流器进行水、砂物系的分离实验研究,并测定了压降、分流比、进口流速对分离效率的影响。结果表明:相同操作条件下,新型α旋流器分级效率较好,对于粒径5μm的颗粒分离效率达到90%;当分流比为0.87时,其分割粒径d50为1.3μm。     

泥水分离用水力旋流器的数值模拟

利用CFD软件对泥水分离用水力旋流器内的三维流场和泥水分离过程进行了数值模拟研究。采用Eulerian模型和RSM湍流模型分别考察了进料口直径、溢流管直径和插入深度等结构参数及处理量、泥浆浓度等操作参数对分离性能的影响。数值模拟结果表明:溢流管直径增大,泥水分离效率明显降低;溢流管插入深度增大,分离效率先增大后减小;底流口直径增大,分离效率明显增大;进料口直径和筒体高度对分离效率的影响相对较小。操作参数模拟结果表明:水力旋流器的操作弹性较小,额定处理量下分离效率最高;泥浆浓度增大,分离效率明显降低;固体泥颗粒黏度增大,分离效率增大。     

采用磁选和重选回收废旧电路板中的金属

采用磁选和重选联合工艺回收废旧印刷电路板中Fe、Cu、Al、Pb、Zn、Sn和Ni等金属。结果表明,采用干法磁选工艺,可回收的铁磁性物质约占废旧电路板质量分数的8．23％,重液分选可使金属与非金属有效分离,采用磁选和重选联合工艺可使Fe、Cu、Pb、Zn、Ni和Sn的回收率分别达到约100％、80％、65％、75％、88％和56％。     

环流式旋流器的结构改进与性能研究

采用丙烯腈催化剂粉末-水混合物系,测定了4种具有不同锥角、不同进口管形状的环流式旋流器的操作性能,并进行了比较。结果表明,底锥角度为6°,进口截面为矩形环流式旋流器压降较低,效率较高,切割粒径d50大约为7.5μm。     

Research on Selective Shredding of Wasted Printed Circuit Boards

Electronic scrap, especially wasted printed circuit boards (PCBs), is regarded as an environmental challenge. At present, the physical separation is thought to be the environmental friendly and economical method of treating and reutilizing electronic waste. An effective liberation of metals from non-metallic components is a crucial step towards mechanical separation and recycling of wasted PCBs. In this paper, the selective shredding theory and mechanics characteristics of wasted PCBs were analyzed, and the shredded experiments of wasted PCBs by hammer mill were investigated. The result shows that the selective shredding exists in the wasted PCBs shredded process by hammer mill. The shredding velocity of non-metallic components is far greater than that of metals in the wasted PCBs shredding, which makes the metals concentrate in the coarserfr action. And the impact force of hammer mill is superior to metai liberation from non-metallic components, a satisfied metal liberation degree can be achieved in the wasted PCBs shredding by hammer mill.     

矿物浮选过程的耗散结构分析

利用耗散结构理论分析了矿物浮选过程热力学和动力学特征．结果表明，进行浮选的矿浆体系是一个开放系统，矿浆处于湍流状态，系统的熵较大．随着浮选药剂和空气的不断输入，系统从环境吸入负熵流，悬浮矿粒与浮选药剂作用，使系统的熵降低，最后稳定在新的有序状态，形成耗散结构，有利于提高矿物回收率．以回收某镍尾矿为例，由于层流态的浮选柱有效泡沫层厚，底部的旋流力场赋予颗粒动能，能够容易地克服颗粒与气泡间的能垒，形成耗散结构．与浮选机相比，利用浮选柱回收的镍尾矿精矿品位提高0．29％，回收率提高3．02％．     

汽包式锅炉炉水含硅量变化的影响因素及暂态过程分析

对炉水含硅量随各种影响因素变化的规律进行分析，指出影响炉水含硅量的主要因素是给水的含硅量和锅炉的排污率，在不同压力等级的锅炉中，两者对炉水含硅量的影响程度有很大差别；若某一时刻锅炉的给水硅、给水量、排污量之中的任一指标或全部发生了变化，炉水硅将按照指数规律向前的平衡值过渡，过渡时间长达3－5h。