Analysis theory of spatial vibration of high-speed train and slab track system

The motor and trailer cars of a high-speed train were modeled as a multi-rigid body system with two suspensions. According to structural characteristic of a slab track, a new spatial vibration model of track segment element of the slab track was put forward. The spatial vibration equation set of the high-speed train and slab track system was then established on the basis of the principle of total potential energy with stationary value in elastic system dynamics and the rule of ＂set-in-right-position＂ for formulating system matrices. The equation set was solved by the Wilson-θ direct integration method. The contents mentioned above constitute the analysis theory of spatial vibration of high-speed train and slab track system. The theory was then verified by the high-speed running experiment carried out on the slab track in the Qinghuangdao-Shenyang passenger transport line. The results show that the calculated results agree well with the measured rcsults, such as the calculated lateral and vertical rail displacements are 0.82 mm and 0.9 mm and the measured ones 0.75 mm and 0.93 mm, respectively; the calculated lateral and vertical wheel-rail forces are 8.9 kN and 102.3 kN and the measured ones 8.6 kN and 80.2 kN, respectively. The interpolation method, that is, the lateral finite strip and slab segment element, for slab deformation proposed is of simplification and applicability compared with the traditional plate element method. All of these demonstrate the reliability of the theory proposed.     

An improved algorithm for fluid-structure interaction of high-speed trains under crosswind

Based on the train-track coupling dynamics and high-speed train aerodynamics, this paper deals with an improved algorithm for fluid-structure interaction of high-speed trains. In the algorithm, the data communication between fluid solver and structure solver is avoided by inserting the program of train-track coupling dynamics into fluid dynamics program, and the relaxation factor concerning the load boundary of the fluid-structure interface is introduced to improve the fluctuation and convergence of aerodynamic forces. With this method, the fluid-structure dynamics of a high-speed train are simulated under the condition that the velocity of crosswind is 13.8 m/s and the train speed is 350 km/h. When the relaxation factor equals 0.5, the fluctuation of aerodynamic forces is lower and its convergence is faster than in other cases. The side force and lateral displacement of the head train are compared between off-line simulation and co-simulation. Simulation results show that the fluid-structure interaction has a significant influence on the aerodynamics and attitude of the head train under crosswind conditions. In addition, the security indexes of the head train worsen after the fluid-structure interaction calculation. Therefore, the fluid-structure interaction calculation is necessary for high-speed trains.

     

基于混凝土塑性损伤模型的轨道板损伤规律

基于混凝土塑性损伤模型,建立CRTS Ⅰ型轨道板损伤分布计算模型,将Tekscan传感器测得的钢轨支点压力作为荷载输入,以轨道板竖向位移及拉伸损伤因子作为评价指标,分析客货共线条件下水泥乳化沥青（CA）砂浆离缝状态时锚穴周边轨道板上表面混凝土的内部损伤规律. 结果表明：随着离缝长度的不断扩展,损伤产生及完全损伤的临界离缝高度均逐渐变小;当离缝长度扩展至第2、3锚穴时,客车荷载下损伤产生的临界离缝高度分别约为0.8、1.0 mm,货车荷载下约为0.5、0.8 mm;一旦超出损伤产生的临界离缝高度,由于轨道板损伤的发展,轨道结构整体抗弯刚度迅速降低导致板端竖向位移迅速增大;对于客车荷载,当离缝扩展至第3锚穴且高度大于1.0 mm后,CA砂浆形成脱空,板端位移不再增长,对于货车荷载,当离缝扩展至第3锚穴且高度大于1.3 mm后,由于二次损伤带的产生,板端竖向位移随离缝高度的增大迅速增大.     

Simulation of spatially coupling dynamic response of train-track time-variant system

There exist three problems in the calculation of lateral vibration of the train-track time-variant system at home and abroad and the method to solve them is presented. Spatially coupling vibration analysis model of train-track time-variant system is put forward. Each vehicle is modeled as a multi-body system with 26 degrees of freedom and the action of coupler is also considered. The track structure is modeled as an assembly of track elements with 30 degrees of freedom, then the spatially coupling vibration matrix equation of the train-track time-variant system is established on the basis of the principle of total potential energy with stationary value and the "set-in-right-position" rule. The track vertical geometric irregularity is considered as the excitation source of the vertical vibration of the system, and the hunting wave of car bogie frame is taken as the excitation source of lateral vibration of the system. The spatially coupling vibration matrix equation of the system is solved by Wilson-θ d     

Evaluation of vehicle-track-bridge interacted system for the continuous CRTS-II non-ballast track slab

Considering the CRTS-II track slab, which is commonly used in the Chinese high-speed railway system, a vehicle-track-bridge dynamic analysis method is proposed in which the vehicle subsystem equations are established by the rigid body dynamics method, the track subsystem and the bridge subsystem equations are established by the FEM, the wheel-rail contact relation is defined by the corresponding assumption in vertical direction and the Kalker linear creep theory in lateral direction. The in-span spring element is derived to model the track-bridge interaction; the equal-band-width storage is adopted to fit the track structure with multilayer uniform section beam; and the dynamic equilibrium equations are solved by the inter-history iteration method. As a case study, the response of a CRH2 high-speed train transverses a simply-supported bridge with successive 31.5 m double bound pre-stress beams is simulated. The result shows that using the vehicle-track-bridge interaction model instead of the vehicle-bridge interaction model helps predict the rotation angle at beam ends and choose an economic beam vertical stiffness.     

地震-高铁荷载共同作用下分层地基震动规律

为研究地震期间高速列车运行引起的地基震动规律,基于等效荷载法推导了频域内地震荷载输入公式,采用等效线性化方法考虑地基土非线性特性,结合高铁荷载下地基振动2.5维有限元计算方法,建立了地震-高铁荷载共同作用下非线性分层地基2.5维有限元模型,计算分析了车速及地基软硬对两动荷载共同作用下分层地基震动影响。结果表明：地震-高铁荷载引起的轨道中心处地面震动位移随车速的增大而增大;车速相同时轨道中心处地面震动位移随地基土刚度的增大而减小。地震和高铁荷载共同作用时地基震动会产生低频放大效应,车速越高、地基越软时地基低频震动放大效应越明显;两动载共同作用引起的地基中高频震动主要受列车荷载影响。近轨道中心处,地面震动主要受地震和高铁荷载共同作用影响;距轨道中心较远处,地面震动主要受地震荷载影响,高铁荷载的影响较小。     

汽车列车转向轮迹重合控制原理研究

提出了全桂车跟踪牵引车而达到汽车列车轮迹重合的转向特性控制方案——轨迹再现，即先通过已知的牵引车转角数据和位移数据进行轨迹再现，然后用获得的轨迹数据来控制桂车的转向行驶，利用计算机进行仿真和模型试验。得到了预期的转向轮迹重合特性，     

曲线地段直线电机轮轨列车动力学响应

为研究直线电机轮轨列车行驶于曲线段线路上时,铁路线路条件对列车动力响应的影响规律,以便为修改线路设计规范提供理论依据.建立直线电机轮轨交通列车线路动力学模型,模型中直线电机所受垂向电磁力大小随列车牵引速度和电机气隙的变化而时刻改变.仿真模拟并分析垂向电磁力、车速、曲线半径、超高、轨道不平顺对系统动力响应的影响.结果表明:轨道垂向不平顺和高车速对气隙影响显著;列车通过小半径曲线段时,垂向电磁力对脱轨系数和轮重减载率的消减作用显著;脱轨系数、轮重减载率、轮轨横向力、车体横向加速度、车体横向位移这5类动力响应的最大值,同时受车速、曲线半径、超高影响显著.基于5类动力响应最大值的拟合公式,可对车速、曲线半径、超高取值范围进行合理匹配,并确定曲线地段的合理车辆限界.     

轨道刚度不平顺对高速车-轨-桥系统振动的影响

轨道刚度不平顺从轨面上难以区分,当列车通过时则会产生巨大的轮轨冲击或轨道变形,严重影响系统的安全平稳运营。针对该问题,首先解析推导了轨道刚度不平顺的数学表达式,并基于列车-轨道-桥梁动力相互作用理论建立了高速列车-板式轨道-轨桥耦合动力学模型;在此基础上从时域和频域角度研究了常规型轨道刚度不平顺对系统的影响;并以扣件失效为例,研究了缺陷型轨道刚度不平顺对系统动态特性的影响规律。结果表明:轨道刚度不平顺对系统振动有明显影响;轮轨力、轮对加速度及构架沉浮加速度等列车振动响应明显,表现出扣件间距及轨道板长度的周期性影响;在所考察的指标中,构架点头加速度对轨道刚度不平顺最为敏感;当考虑结构弹性后,轨道板边缘位置处的振动较板中位置处的振动大,两位置处钢轨加速度幅值比为1.17,而轨道板的加速度比值则达到了2.2;常规型轨道刚度不平顺主要引起结构周期振动,可能导致系统共振,加速结构损伤;缺陷型轨道刚度不平顺会造成轮轨冲击,严重时导致轮轨垂向力和轮重减载率超标,威胁行车安全;列车在250~350 km/h之间速度运行时,失效扣件的数量最多为1个。     

Vertical dynamic response of the ballastless track on long-span plate-truss cable-stayed bridges

An analytical model is presented to study vertical dynamic response of the ballastless track on long-span plate-truss cable-stayed bridges based on an explicit dynamic analysis method.In the model,the train,ballastless track and bridge are treated as a coupled vibration system with interaction.By simulating the dynamic process of the system,this paper discusses the distribution law of dynamic responses of the bridge deck and the bed slab.It shows the necessity of a base plate for the ballastless track on the long-span plate-truss cable-stayed bridge.Comparison of the influence of different train speeds and stiffness of the elastic vibration-damping pad on the dynamic responses of the bridge deck and the bed slab is also made.The reasonable stiffness value of elastic vibration-damping pad is proposed.     

高速铁路地下三岔口隧道压力变化数值模拟

为了研究高速铁路地下三岔口隧道内的空气动力学压力场,给出列车穿越地下车站时压力变化的三维黏性流场数值模拟过程.研究结果表明:列车从双线隧道过渡到单线隧道时,双线隧道内同一个测点的最大压力要大于列车从单线隧道过渡到双线隧道时产生的压力;而列车从双线隧道过渡到单线隧道时单线隧道内同一个测点的最大压力要小于列车从单线隧道过渡到双线隧道时产生的压力.其次,在过渡段内,隧道横断面越大,最大压力值越小,且与列车的运行方向无关.当列车会车于过渡段中部时,隧道内压力变化的最大值明显比单线隧道穿越过渡段时的要大很多,但不会达到2倍.     

Prediction of vibrations from underground trains on Beijing metro line 15

The impact of vibrations due to underground trains on Beijing metro line 15 on sensitive equipment in the Institute of Microelectronics of Tsinghua University was discussed to propose a viable solution to mitigate the vibrations. Using the state-of-the-art three-dimensional coupled periodic finite element-boundary element (FE-BE) method, the dynamic track-tunnel-soil interaction model for metro line 15 was used to predict vibrations in the free field at a train speed of 80 km/h. Three types of tracks (direct fixation fasteners, floating slab track and floating ladder track) on the Beijing metro network were considered in the model. For each track, the acceleration response in the free field was obtained. The numerical results show that the influence of vibrations from underground trains on sensitive equipment depends on the track types. At frequencies above 10 Hz, the floating slab track with a natural frequency of 7 Hz can be effective to attenuate the vibrations.     

列车作用下青藏铁路路基动力响应试验

目的分析研究多年冻土区青藏铁路在列车动荷载作用下路基的稳定性及振动衰减规律．方法选取青藏铁路北麓河段三个典型试验断面,在春季进行了列车荷载作用下的路基动力响应现场试验,采集路基、边坡、道床3处振动数据,统计计算了青藏铁路客车与货车行驶时路基振动的最大和平均加速度幅值,对实测数据进行了功率谱分析．结果路基上货运和客运列车的竖向最大加速度分别为2．2132m／ss^2和2．0004m／ss^2,对应的平均加速度分别为0．1495m／s^2和0．1143m／ss^2,道床上的振动明显减小．在T28次客运列车的作用下,对于断面Ⅲ,C3测点在振动频率为25Hz、38Hz、46Hz,55Hz出现峰值,能量集中在18～53Hz．边坡C4测点振动能量集中在20—65Hz,C5测点的优势频段为20—80Hz．结论路基上货运列车的振动比客运列车振动大,同一断面竖向衰减速度大于横向,素土路基各方向衰减小于块石路基,下一测点加速度峰值大致减小为相邻上一测点的1／10．     

Mud pumping in high-speed railway: in-situ soil core test and full-scale model testing

Railway Engineering Science - Mud pumping induced by moving train loads on rainwater-intruded roadbed causes intensive track vibrations and threatens safety of high-speed trains. In this paper, a...     

铁路路基动力响应的分布规律研究

在模拟了铁路轨道不平顺和高速列车振动荷载的基础上,分析了铁路路基动力响应(位移、加速度、应力)在列车荷载作用下线路横断面的分布规律,得到路基动力响应的横断面分布图,找出了路基动力响应的最不利位置.将模拟计算出的路基动力响应数值与秦沈客运专线现场测试试验的实测数据对比,结果一致.     

移动荷载作用下加筋路堤和轨道系统的三维动力响应

用解析法研究了加筋路堤上轨道系统在移动荷载作用下的三维动力响应问题。基于Biot多孔弹性介质的波动理论,建立了加筋路堤轨道系统分析模型。将钢轨简化为无限长弹性Euler梁,将枕木简化为连续质量块,将加筋路堤作为一横观各向同性层来考虑,将下卧土体考虑为由Biot波动方程描述的饱和半空间。联立轨道系统、加筋路堤和下卧土体的动力方程,在Fourier变换域内求解荷载作用下钢轨位移和土体位移的表达式,将求得的表达式进行Fourier逆变换得到其在时域里的表达式。研究了列车移动速度、加筋路堤层的厚度、荷载幅值大小和加筋率等对路堤及轨道系统动力响应的影响。计算结果表明,钢轨竖向变形随着速度的增大呈现先增大后减小的趋势;加筋路堤上的钢轨竖向变形显著小于同厚度下未加筋路堤上的钢轨竖向变形;钢轨竖向变形随着荷载幅值的增大而增大;随着加筋率的增大而减小。     

底座板伸缩刚度对大跨度连续梁桥上CRTSⅡ型板式无砟轨道纵向力的影响

在结构特点分析的基础上,考虑层间传力关系和横向相邻股道的影响,建立了大跨度连续梁桥上CRTSⅡ型板式无砟轨道纵向力计算的空间一体化模型和求解方法。计算分析了列车制动和温度变化作用下底座板伸缩刚度对大跨度连续梁桥上CRTSⅡ型板式无砟轨道纵向力的影响规律,结果表明：列车制动和温度变化作用下系统纵向力变化规律相同,随着底座板伸缩刚度降低,钢轨和桥梁墩台纵向力增加,复合板、剪力齿槽和端刺纵向力减小。     

Numerical investigation of piled raft foundation in mitigating embankment vibrations induced by high-speed trains

A three-dimensional dynamic finite element model of track-ballast-embankment and piled raft foundation system is established. Dynamic response of a railway embankment to a high-speed train is simulated for two cases: soft ground improved by piled raft foundation, and untreated soft ground. The obtained results are compared both in time domain and frequency domain to evaluate the effectiveness of the ground improvement in mitigating the embankment vibrations induced by high-speed trains. The results show that ground improving methods can significantly reduce the embankment vibrations at all considered train speeds(36-432 km/h). The ground response to a moving load is dictated largely by the relationship between load speed and characteristic value of wave velocities of the ground medium. At low speeds, the ground response from a moving load is essentially quasi-static. That is, the displacements fields are essential the static fields under the load simply moving with it. For the soft ground, the displacement on the ballast surface is large at all observed train speeds. For the model case where the ground is improved by piled raft foundation, the peak displacement is reduced at all considered train speeds compared with the case without ground improvement. Based on the effect of energy-dissipating of ballast-embankment-ground system with damping, the train-induced vibration waves moving in ballast and embankment are trapped and dissipated, and thus the vibration amplitudes of dynamic displacement outside the embankment are significantly reduced. But for the vibration amplitude of dynamic velocity, the vibration waves in embankment are absorbed or reflected back, and the velocity amplitudes at the ballast and embankment surface are enhanced. For the change of the vibration character of embankment and ballast, the bearing capacity and dynamic character are improved. Therefore, both of the static and dynamic displacements are reduced by ground improvement; the dynamic velocity of ballast and embankment increases with the increase of train speed and its vibration noise is another issue of concern that should be carefully evaluated because it is associated with the running safety and comfort of high-speed trains.     

地铁列车引起的振动对城市敏感建筑结构的影响

以某相对地铁线路水平距离较近的市级文物保护敏感建筑为研究对象,设线路时速70km／h,分析地铁列车运行时产生的振动对该建筑结构的动力影响。针对整体道床和橡胶减振垫浮置板道床,建立车辆-轨道耦合模型,采用Newmark方法计算列车载荷;建立轨道-土层耦合模型,利用有限元方法分析地铁列车引起的振动在地表面的传播特性,并计算地铁列车振动对敏感建筑结构及周围环境的影响。研究结果表明:采用整体道床时,敏感点的垂向Z振级和敏感建筑结构的水平速度都大于标准值;采用橡胶减振垫浮置板道床时,敏感点的垂向Z振级和敏感建筑结构的水平速度都低于标准值;同时说明橡胶减振垫浮置板道床具有很好的减振效果。     

高速铁路板式轨道参数与动力特性的研究

运用板式轨道-路基系统半空间垂向耦合的动力计算模型,研究了高速铁路板式轨道的动力特性,探讨了板式轨道的CA砂浆垫层厚度和扣件刚度对系统动力性能的影响规律。扣件、轨下胶垫和CA砂浆层的弹性、阻尼特性对轨道及轨下结构动力性能的影响极大,减少扣件或轨下胶垫的刚度、增加CA砂浆层的厚度,可改善板式轨道的动力学性能。