Improved Electrochemical Performance of Surface-Modified Metal Hydride Electrodes

A novel plating process was applied to the surface modification of the metal hydride (MH) electrode of the MH/Ni batteries. The electrode was plated with a thin nickel film about 0.1 μm thick by using multi-arc ion plating technique. The X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used to analyze the electrodes. Influence of the surface modification on the performance of the MH/Ni batteries was studied. It is shown that the surface modification could enhance the electrode conductivity and decrease the batteries ohimic resistance by 28.2%. After surface modification, the discharge capacity of the batteries at 5C (8.5 A) is increased by 212 mA·h and discharge voltage is increased by 0.09 V. The surface modification also improves the cyclic durability of the batteries. The inner pressure of the batteries with modified electrode during overcharging is much lower than that with unmodified electrode. The experimental results demonstrate that this process is an effective way for the surface modification of the electrode of MH/Ni batteries.     

基于人工神经网络的电池容量预测

为有效地对电动车蓄电池的剩余容量SOC进行预测,引入了人工神经网络BP改进算法的Levenberg-M arquardt(LM)算法;建立了基于镍氢电池的神经网络模型;实现了对镍氢电池充放电过程中任一状态下的剩余容量的预测。结果表明,通过该网络模型可以方便快速的得到电池的SOC值,所得结果满足要求,为电池管理系统提供了一种新的电池SOC的预测方法。     

基于神经网络的MH/Ni电池剩余容量预测

为有效地对电动车电池剩余容量进行预测，在分析了MH／Ni电池充放电过程的反应机理的基础上，应用改进算法的BP神经网络，建立了MH／Ni电池的神经网络模型，用于预测MH／Ni电池放电过程中某一状态下的剩余容量。结果表明，通过该网络模型可以方便快速的得到电池剩余容量及荷电状态的预测值，所得结果满足要求，为电池管理系统提供了一种新的预测方法。     

基于神经网络的MH/Ni电池剩余容量预测

为有效地对电动车电池剩余容量进行预测,在分析了 MH/Ni 电池充放电过程的反应机理的基础上,应用改进算法的 BP 神经网络,建立了 MH/Ni 电池的神经网络模型,用干预测 MH/Ni 电池放电过程中某一状态下的剩余容量.结果表明,通过该网络模型可以方便快速的得到电池剩余容量及荷电状态的预测值,所得结果满足要求,为电池管理系统提供了一种新的预测方法.     

镍氢电池充放电终止指标的实验研究

进行了镍氢电池的充放电实验,检测了电池工作时的电压、容量、温度和内阻,绘制了相应的曲线.上述4个参数的变化显著程度不同.借助曲线,讨论了镍氢电池充放电终止指标的确定原则.充电时,电池电压、容量和电池的温度可作为终止指标.放电时,电池的电压、容量和内阻可作为终止指标.总体而言,用容量作为充放电的终止指标比较准确,由此提出了以电池容量作为充放电终止指标的建议,所得到的结论对不同容量的镍氢电池具有参考意义.     

Structure improvement and electrochemical studies of bipolar nickel metal hydride batteries for hybrid electric vehicles

Inrecentyears,globalenvironmentalpollutionproblemssuchasacidrain,greenhouseeffectandairpollutionbecomemoreandmoreserious,especiallyinbigcities[1].Thedevelopmentandcommercializationofelectricvehiclesandhybridelectricvehiclesisakeyfactorintheresolutionofthesematters[2].However,thefinalacceptanceofthesezero emissionvehiclesdependsstronglyontheperformanceofbatteries.Ni/MHispres entlythemostpromisingbatterysystemforhybridvehi clespropulsionintheshortandmid term,whichhasmanyadvantagessuchashighener…     

Bioleaching of Nickel and Cobalt from Spent Nickel Metal Hydride Batteries by Acidithiobacilli spp

The Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans(At.f) and Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans (At.t) were used in bio-dissolution experiments of heavy metals in spent MH/Ni batteries. The influences of the initial pH value,the concentration of electrode materials,the temperature and substrate concentration on the leaching rate of heavy metal Ni,Co have been investigated. The obtained results indicate that the efficiency of nickel extraction and cobalt extraction is dependent on all of the mentioned factors. Especially,the initial pH value and the temperature have more effect than other factors for these microorganisms. In addition,the results show that the optimal leaching rate of Ni and Co in the spent MH/Ni batteries reaches to 95.7% and 72.4% respectively after 20 days under the conditions of the initial pH value 1.0,concentration of electrode materials 1.0%,temperature 30 ℃ and substrate(sulfur) concentration 4.0 g·L-1.     

Surface Modification for Metal Hydride Electrode of Ni／MH Battery

A novel method was applied to the surface modification of the metal hydride (MH) electrode of the Ni/MH battery. The electrode was plated with a thin silver film by using plasma technology and its effect on the performance of the Ni/MH battery was examined. Charge-discharge test proved that the battery with modified electrode exhibits a better high-rate dischargeability and chargeability than the battery with untreated electrode. The battery with modified electrode exhibits satisfactory durability. After 500 cycles, the capacities of the batteries with modified and unmodified electrode are 90.1% and 82.3 % of their original capacities. The inner pressure test shows that the battery with modified electrode displays a much lower inner gas pressure on charging. The experimental results demonstrate that this method is an effective way for the surface modification of the electrode of the Ni/MH battery.     

Effect of Overcharge on Electrochemical Performance of Sealed-Type Nickel/Metal Hydride Batteries

The effects of overcharge on electrochemical performance of AA size sealed-type nickel/metal hydride（Ni/MH） batteries and its degradation mechanism were investigated. The results indicated that the relationship between the effects of different overcharge currents on the increasing velocity of inner pressure and the degradation velocity of cycle life and discharge voltage remains in almost direct proportion. After overcharge cycles, the positive electrode materials remain the original structure, but there occur some breaks because of the irreversible expand of crystal lattice. And the negative electrode alloy particles have inconspicuous pulverization, but are covered with lots of corrosive products and its main component is rare earth hydroxide or oxide. These are all the main reasons leading to the degradation behavior of the discharge capacity and cycle life of Ni/MH batteries.     

模糊控制的镍氢镍镉电池充电系统研究

为了实现充电过程的智能控制,在研究镍镉、镍氢电池充电特性的基础上,用模糊控制技术对充电过程进行智能控制.以DS87C550单片机为控制核心,设计了一种针对镍镉、镍氢电池的智能充电系统.实验结果表明,该系统可对电池的复杂充电过程进行自适应控制,充电快速、效率高,充电安全,实现了充电过程的智能控制.     

基于DE优化SVR的锂离子电池剩余容量预测

在分析了支持向量机回归算法(SVR)对剩余容量模型非线性回归基础上,针对SVR参数选择难的问题,提出了一种基于微分进化(DE)算法优化SVR的算法。DE具有强劲的全局搜索能力,将其应用到SVR的参数寻优当中去,可以寻找到SVR的最优参数。将该方法应用于锂离子电池剩余容量的预测模型,并将生成的模型和基于粒子群优化(PSO)算法的SVR锂离子电池容量预测模型比较。仿真结果表明,基于DE优化的SVR剩余容量预测的精准度高于PSO优化的SVR剩余容量预测精准度,为锂离子电池容量预测提供了一种新的方法。     

Development and Electrochemical Testing of Novel Bipolar Nickel Metal Hydride Batteries

With the enhancement of consciousness of envi-ronmental protection and the increasing exhaustion ofoil resources,study on electric vehicles(EV)or hy-brid electric vehicles(HEV)are being actively con-ductedin the countries worldwide[1-3].Ni/MHbat-tery is p…     

混合动力汽车电池管理系统

针对长安混合动力轿车,研究了镍氢动力电池及其管理系统,建立了镍氢蓄电池的数学模型;同时对电池管理系统的总体结构、电源电路、采样电路以及检测电路进行了设计和研究,并通过Bitrode实验测量电源系统电压、电流以及SOC等,对管理系统的性能进行模拟,提高了系统的可靠性和测量精度。     

一种基于PCA和相关向量机的锂电池在线寿命预测方法研究

针对已有基于相关向量机对锂离子电池进行在线寿命预测因考虑因素单一而导致预测精度不理想这一问题,提出了一种基于主元分析（PCA）的特征因素变量加权建构的方法。该方法首先将多种特征因素变量作为研究对象,找到其线性变换后的得分向量所构矩阵;分析其不同得分向量对原变量数据矩阵特征覆盖程度,进一步加权构建融合得到相应特征向量。将所得向量作为输入,经相关向量机建立预测模型并进行锂离子电池寿命在线预测,最终得到预测结果。采用国际公用电池数据作为研究对象,通过MATLAB软件验证了有多变量预测电池寿命的可行性,结果表明预测效果较好。     

均相沉淀法制备Ni/Al⁃LDHs/rGO复合电极材料的电化学性能

以Ni(NO3)2·6H2O、Al(NO3)3·9H2O、尿素以及氧化石墨烯（GO）为原料，利用简便的均相沉淀法合成了GO复合量（质量分数）分别为0、0.2%、0.5%、0.8%和1.0%的Ni/Al⁃LDHs/rGO复合电极材料。采用XRD、FT⁃IR、TGA和FESEM表征了材料的结构和表面形貌，利用循环伏安（CV）、交流阻抗（EIS）和充放电测试研究了Ni/Al⁃LDHs/rGO复合材料作为Ni⁃MH电池正极材料的电化学性能。结果表明，复合GO可以明显提高Ni/Al⁃LDHs的电化学性能，其中GO复合量为0.8%的Ni/Al⁃LDHs/rGO样品表现出最为优异的综合电化学性能，例如在2 000 mA/g电流密度下，其放电比容量（288 mA·h/g）比未复合GO的Ni/Al⁃LDH样品放电比容量（205 mA·h/g）高出40.5%。     

HCV e2-3pcx融合基因原核表达载体的构建及蛋白的初步表达

构建了丙型肝炎病毒e2-3pcx融合基因的原核表达载体pET28b(+)-e2-3pcx,并转化到大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)菌株中。IPTG诱导融合蛋白高效表达。经SDS-PAGE电泳分析,结果表明在43 ku处有一条蛋白质特异条带,与预期的目的产物蛋白带大小一致。     

粒子滤波和GRU神经网络融合的锂电池RUL预测

随着锂电池在移动电子设备和电动汽车等领域中得到广泛应用,其剩余使用寿命(remaining useful life,RUL)的精确预测对锂电池的健康管理更具重要意义。本文提出一种基于粒子滤波(particle filter,PF)和门控循环单元（gated recurrent unit,GRU）神经网络融合(PF-GRU)的预测方法预测锂电池的RUL。这种融合方法结合了PF在估计RUL概率分布上的优势以及GRU能够进行时间序列长期预测的能力,获得融合的预测结果。再利用每个预测周期的容量预测结果,采用带移动窗口迭代更新训练数据集的方法对GRU模型进行再训练,提高了GRU的长期预测性能。以上预测步骤迭代进行,直到容量衰减至寿命阈值以下。最后将粒子代表的预测结果外推至寿命阈值,得到电池RUL分布直方图。本文采用美国NASA卓越诊断学中心(PCoE)实验室所提供的锂电池数据对所提方法进行验证,将所提出的融合方法与GRU、PF和无窗口移动融合方法进行RUL预测比较。实验结果表明,本文所提出的融合方法具有良好的性能,在状态和参数估计、RUL预测方面明显优于PF和无窗口移动融合方法,预测精度均高于其他3种预测方法。     

HBV/HEV融合抗原大肠杆菌表达包涵体的变复性和纯化

利用乙型肝炎病毒adr型的S抗原基因和戊型肝炎病毒China-D型的ORF2编码区的羧基末端中的部分序列构建融合抗原表达载体,在大肠杆菌中表达时,出现了大量包涵体,我们对包涵体进行洗涤,变性,复性,金属亲和层析柱和凝胶过滤纯化后,蛋白的相对含量达98%.采用Western blot对目的蛋白活性进行检测,具有乙肝和戊型肝抗原活性.为提高资源利用效率,降低成本,提高产量,以及进一步研发疫菌用抗原提供了实验基础.     

Mn含量对正极材料LiMn_xCo_(0.2)Ni_(0.8-x)O_2的结构与电化学性能的影响

通过共沉淀法合成了具有层状结构的锂离子电池正极材料LiMnxCo0.2-Ni0.8-xO2。采用XRD、XPS和恒流充放电等测试手段研究了Mn含量变化对正极材料LiMnxCo0.2Ni0.8-xO2的物理性质与电化学性能的影响。结果表明:Mn含量的增加会引起元素O和Ni的氧化态降低,使得Ni由+3价逐渐转变为+2价,而Mn的氧化态却始终保持+4价不变;尽管Mn含量的增加会使材料的充放电比容量有所降低,但是材料的结构稳定性和热稳定性会得到改善。XRD测试结果表明样品LiMnxCo0.2Ni0.8-xO2(0≤x≤0.5)都具有标准的-αNaFeO2层状结构。此外,从Mn含量的变化引起的样品晶胞参数的变化表明,当0≤x≤0.25时LiMnxCo0.2Ni0.8-xO2可能形成的是假固溶体,当Mn含量由0.3增加到0.5时形成的是真固溶体。     

融合蛋白sCAR—TSP-1原核表达纯化及诱导白血病细胞K562凋亡的研究

根据thrombospondin-1（TSP-1）氨基酸序列（RFYVVMWK）,以已有的腺病毒受体sCAR为模板,将8个氨基酸对应基因核苷酸通过PCR扩增于sCAR之后,得到sCAR—TSP-1,连接到表达载体pQE30上,转化大肠杆菌M15后获得工程菌。该菌株经IPTG诱导后,高效表达出带有组氨酸标签以包涵体形式存在的融合蛋白sCAR-TSP-1。包涵体经过尿素变性溶解、PBS稀释复性、Ni离子亲和层析柱纯化,获得目的蛋白。SDS-PAGE分析表明,有一条明显的特异性蛋白条带。同时细胞实验结果表明融合蛋白sCAR-TSP-1对白血病细胞K562有明显凋亡作用。