柱装药双炮孔岩石爆破模型试验

为了合理有效地利用爆炸能量,提高巷道、隧道工程的爆破掘进质量,以砂岩巷道(隧道)掘进中辅助孔、周边孔的岩石爆破为应用背景,通过柱装药双炮孔岩石爆破的模型实验,对装药结构、介质强度、炮孔间距、抵抗等因素对岩石爆破作用效果以及炸药单耗的影响进行了初步研究.试验结果表明,介质强度、不耦合系数、抵抗和炮孔间距与炸药单耗有着密切的关系,并相互作用、相互影响.空气介质对爆炸能量具有很好的缓冲和消耗作用,而水介质对爆炸能量的消耗作用随着介质强度的增大而减小.对于周边爆破,采用空气不耦合装药结构有利于减轻爆破对围岩的破坏作用;当介质强度大于35MPa时,采用水不耦合装药结构有利于提高爆炸能量的传递效率,降低炸药单耗.依据介质强度,合理选择不耦合系数、抵抗和炮孔间距,可在较小炸药单耗的情况下取得良好的爆破效果.     

钢管混凝土柱对爆炸冲击波影响的数值模拟研究

通过LS-DYNA软件对两种截面的钢管混凝土柱在爆炸荷载下爆炸冲击波的传播过程进行了三维数值模拟。混凝土采用HJC模型,钢管采用了考虑应变率的随动硬化塑形模型,炸药采用TNT炸药,使用LS-DYNA程序中的高能炸药爆轰产物压力-体积关系的JWL状态方程分析了爆炸冲击波的传播过程,得到了在不同比例距离下爆炸冲击波在通过两种截面柱子时超压峰值的衰减及增大规律。     

深部高地压条件下岩石动态断裂特性的数值模拟

地下洞室爆破开挖在动应力和地应力的共同作用下,将导致更为复杂的岩体破坏形式.本文基于二维动力损伤本构模型对不同静力条件下岩体动态破坏机制进行研究,探讨了不同围压和垂直应力系数K0作用下动应力的加载速率和峰值对岩体动态变形破坏的影响.研究结果表明:数值模拟获得了爆破荷载作用下径向裂纹的萌生、扩展以及裂纹分叉、贯通的全过程...     

我国地下工程爆破研究的又一部专著--评<地下工程爆破理论及应用>

中国矿业大学出版社 2 0 0 1年出版的安徽理工大学教授徐颖、宗琦新著《地下工程爆破理论及应用》,是一部重要的科研学术著作 .本书的研究内容和成果为矿山掘进爆破提供了重要的理论和技术依据 ,对矿山安全、快速、高效、优质生产有着重要的意义 .该书将已有的研究成果应用于冶金、铁道、公路及城市建设等爆破工程中 ,必将对我国经济建设和发展起到一定的促进作用 .本书从炸药爆炸的爆轰压力和爆炸应力波理论出发 ,论述了炸药爆炸对岩石的作用过程 ,运用爆炸力学理论系统论述了不同装药条件下的炸药爆轰压力和在爆炸载荷作用下裂隙岩体内裂…     

爆炸载荷下花岗岩动态本构关系的试验研究

介绍了在爆炸载荷作用下岩石介质本构关系试验研究的一种新方法．用花岗岩石作实验材料,通过一组应变波形的量测,运用Ｌａｇｒａｎｇｅ 分析方法获得了花岗岩石在爆炸载荷下的动态本构关系曲线．并建立了爆炸加载条件下岩石动态本构关系的实验和量测系统,通过研究认为平面波发生器是更适合于作为一般爆破实验室研究动态本构关系的手段．     

不同坝型重力坝水下接触爆炸特性研究

近半个世纪以来,中国成为世界上建坝数量最多的国家。需要评估爆炸荷载对于大坝的安全的影响。本文为研究水下不同炸点接触爆炸对混凝土重力坝上游有折坡段和上游无折坡段两种坝型的动力响应以及破坏状态影响,进行了两种坝型的混凝土重力坝水下接触爆炸的动力响应及损伤破坏特性的对比分析。利用数值模拟方法计算了炸药在空气中爆炸对于混凝土板的损伤破坏,并与物理实验的结果进行对比。通过计算结果对比验证了所使用数值模型的正确性和可靠性。以混凝土重力坝上游有折坡段和上游无折坡段两种坝型为研究对象,考虑炸药-库水-空气-混凝土重力坝结构之间的动力耦合关系,对比分析了水下接触爆炸冲击荷载作用下,两种坝型的挡水坝段坝体的动态响应及损伤破坏分布特性。通过对比分析可知：混凝土重力坝上游有折坡段的挡水坝段减小了水下接触爆炸对坝体的加速度、速度及位移的动力响应。混凝土重力坝上游无折坡比有折坡坝型的挡水坝段在水下接触爆炸冲击荷载作用下损伤范围更大、更为严重。通过以上结果可得到结论：混凝土重力坝上游折坡段可以有效地散射爆炸产生的应力波,减小混凝土重力坝的损伤破坏程度。     

节理方位对岩石爆破的影响规律

为了研究节理对岩石爆破的影响规律,建立了含节理的圆形PMMA板的2维爆破模型,炸药PETN和护套铜壳置于圆板中心,节理与炮孔的方位是变量。对于PMMA、铜壳、PETN分别采用线性、冲击波和JWL状态方程。模拟结果表明在爆炸荷载作用下,节理与炮孔距离对爆生裂纹的分布有很大影响,距离小时,节理靠近炮孔一侧形成拉伸破坏区,随着距离的增加,拉伸破坏区范围快速减小,节理对爆生裂纹分布的影响减小;倾斜节理总能扩展成一条主裂纹,随着角度的增加,节理靠近炮孔一侧的拉伸破坏区范围先增加,后减少,主裂纹随着拉伸破坏区减少而变长。     

爆炸荷载下装配式钢筋混凝土梁动力响应及抗爆性能研究

为了研究灌浆套筒连接的装配式钢筋混凝土梁的抗爆性能,建立了装配式钢筋混凝土梁的数值模型,采用多物质流固耦合算法,分析装配式钢筋混凝土梁在爆炸荷载作用下的破坏形态和动态响应,通过参数化分析方法,研究了混凝土强度和纵筋配筋率以及炸药位置等因素对装配式梁抗爆性能的影响。结果表明:对于装配式钢筋混凝土梁,由于拼装位置处存在新旧混凝土的薄弱接触面,在爆炸荷载下应力波在梁内传递性能减弱,冲击力不能有效地传递给梁两侧,导致局部发生较严重的脆性破坏。提高混凝土强度和纵筋配筋率、改变炸药爆炸位置均能改善装配式钢筋混凝土梁的抗爆性能。     

爆炸载荷下不同形状巷道围岩破坏规律模型试验研究

采用动态焦散线试验方法,探究爆炸荷载作用下不同形状巷道周边围岩的破坏规律。试验结果表明,爆破荷载对临近巷道的影响与其形状有显著关系。在爆炸应力波作用下,巷道迎爆侧破坏明显。巷道左侧形成一条起始于炮孔中心而终止于巷道左壁的贯穿裂纹,大致沿水平方向;直墙拱形巷道左下角和矩形巷道左上、左下角形成起始于炮孔且有向这些部位扩展趋势的新裂纹。绕射应力波作用下,仅有矩形巷道背爆侧右下角出现一条扩展裂纹。以上现象说明弧形断面对应力波的卸载作用明显大于平面的。系列焦散斑图像记录了裂纹扩展过程,焦散斑大小代表裂纹尖端能量大小,裂纹扩展的过程就是能量积聚和释放的过程。     

基于动态焦散线实验的护壁药包机理研究

为了探究护壁爆破对爆生裂纹、原生裂纹和定向裂纹的作用机理,基于数字激光动态焦散线实验和数值模拟方法开展了一系列研究.结果表明:护壁爆破能抑制护壁一侧爆生裂纹和原生裂纹扩展;护壁一侧原生裂纹尖端动态应力强度因子两次峰值约为非护壁一侧的53%和77%,护壁管对爆炸应力波和爆生气体起到了很好的削弱作用;炸药爆炸后,由起爆位置传爆至护壁管端部形成的射流,作用炮孔壁形成初始损伤;随后沿炮孔壁向上传播的射流持续冲击护壁管端部岩体,形成"射流效应",驱动初始损伤扩展,最终形成定向裂纹.护壁爆破不仅可以保护围岩还可以产生定向断裂效果,在工程实践中应用前景广阔.     

Study on orientation fracture blasting with shaped charge in rock

1. Introduction Stones for decoration or bowlder are excavated from ore bodies; however, the stones must be excavated with specific technique requirements. Experience shows that blasting is the method with low cost and high effi- ciency. The most familiar…     

Blasting cumulative damage effects of underground engineering rock mass based on sonic wave measurement

The principle of sonic wave measurement was introduced, and cumulative damage effects of underground engineering rock mass under blasting load were studied by in situ test, using RSM-SY5 intelligent sonic wave apparatus. The blasting test was carried out for ten times at some tunnels of Changba Lead-Zinc Mine. The damage depth of surrounding rock caused by old blasting excavation （0.8-1.2 m） was confirmed. The relation between the cumulative damage degree and blast times was obtained. The results show that the sonic velocity decreases gradually with increasing blast times, hut the damage degree （D） increases. The damage cumulative law is non-linear. The damage degree caused by blast decreases with increasing distance, and damage effects become indistinct. The blasting damage of rock mass is anisotropic. The damage degree of rock mass within charging range is maximal. And the more the charge is, the more severe the damage degree of rock mass is. The test results provide references for researches of mechanical parameters of rock mass and dynamic stability analysis of underground chambers.     

Influence of millisecond time,charge length and detonation velocity on blasting vibration

The law of blasting vibration caused by blasting in rock is very complex.Traditional numerical methods cannot well characterize all the influencing factors in the blasting process.The effects of millisecond time,charge length and detonation velocity on the blasting vibration are discussed by analyzing the characteristics of vibration wave generated by finite length cylindrical charge.It is found that in multi-hole millisecond blasting,blasting vibration superimpositions will occur several times within a certain distance from the explosion source due to the propagation velocity difference of P-wave and S-wave generated by a short column charge.These superimpositions will locally enlarge the peak velocity of blasting vibration particle.The magnitude and scope of the enlargement are closely related to the millisecond time.Meanwhile,the particle vibration displacement characteristics of rock under long cylindrical charge is analyzed.The results show that blasting vibration effect would no longer increase when the charge length increases to a certain extent.This indicates that the traditional simple calculation method using the maximum charge weight per delay interval to predict the effect of blasting vibration is unreasonable.Besides,the effect of detonation velocity on blasting vibration is only limited in a certain velocity range.When detonation velocity is greater than a certain value,the detonation velocity almost makes no impact on blasting vibration.     

Influence of blasting on the properties of weak intercalation of a layered rock slope

A precondition for correctly analyzing the stability of a slope and designing its bracing structure is to study and determine the influence of excavation blasting on the properties of weak intercalation in the layered rock slope.On the basis ofin-situ stratifica-tion-cracking blasting tests,the properties of weak intercalation were investigated using the LS-DYNA3D program.The displace-ment distribution and compactness of weak intercalation at different positions away from the charge center and their various laws are discussed.The critical displacement of stratification-cracking (0.1 mm) was obtained,and an approximate expression of compactness were deduced.Furthermore,through the simulation of a layered rock blasting under the same geological conditions,the stratifica-tion-cracking effect of deep-hole blasting on the properties of weak intercalation was compared with that of short-hole blasting,and the influencing differences,in addition to their causes,were analyzed.The results indicated that the blasting cavity of weak intercala-tion in short-hole blasting with a radius of 40 mm was nearly a circle,whose radius was about 28.7 cm;whereas in deep-hole blasting with a radius of 150 mm,the shape of the blasting cavity was different from that in short-hole blasting,the radius of the cavity be-hind the charge (89.1 cm) was further smaller than those of the other three (138.7 cm),and there were sharp crinkles on the surface of weak intercalation.When the distance from the charge center (DCC) was less than 40 and 150 cm in short-hole and deep-hole blast-ing,respectively,the displacement of weak intercalation was reduced remarkably with the increase in DCC.     

千吨级露天剥离定向抛掷大爆破

介绍了１９９７年１２月１７日在福建上杭紫金山金矿成功地进行的一次以条形药包为主,条形药包与集中药包相结合的露天剥离定向抛掷大爆破。该次爆破实际总装药量为１０３５７９２ｋｇ,一次爆方量为１２３万Ｍ＾３,抛掷方量７７万Ｍ＾３,抛掷率达６２％以上。爆后观察：岩石破碎均匀,表面基本无大块,爆区山体标高降低,最大降低量达４５ｍ以上;高于最低起爆水平３５０ｍ,离爆破中心４５０ｍ的上杭县电视转播站等爆区周围建、     

Numerical Analysis of Effect of Water on Explosive Wave Propagation in Tunnels and Surrounding Rock

Based on the application of practical engineering, propagation processes of explosive waves in rock with water well and tunnel are simulated by ANSYS/LS-DYNA software. The evolution of damage in rock is presented. The effect of water on the damage of the concrete slab in a tunnel is compared with damage inflicted without water. The numerical simulation illustrates that water plays an important role in the evolution of damage of the concrete slab in a mine tunnel. In the presence of water in the rock the concrete slab is damaged more severely than without water in rock. The effect of water location in the rock is also considered. It is found that the concrete slab in the tunnel shows various degrees of damage as a function of the different locations of water. Attenuation laws of stress waves over time-space in rock with water are also obtained. Numerical results indicate that, under blast loading, there are three zones in the rock： a crushed zone nearby the explosive charge, a damaged zone and an elastic zone. The conclusions of numerical analysis may provide references for blasting designs and structure protection.     

Model experiment of rock blasting with single borehole and double free-surface

In order to improve the quality of laneways and tunnel excavation by drilling and blasting and by making effective use of explosive energy, a model experiment of rock blasting with a single borehole and a double free-surface was performed with the objective of studying the effect of parameters such as charge structure, free-surface and rock compressive strength on rock blasting. The model experiments indicate that: 1) the smaller the rock compressive strength and density, the more distinctive the cavity expanding action by blasting; 2) the powder factor in an air-decoupling charge structure is larger than that in a coupling charge structure, i.e., the explosive energy in an air-decoupling charge structure transferred to the rocks is less than that in a coupling charge structure; 3) a free-surface improves the utilizations of explosive energy; 4) an air-decoupling charge structure helps to maintain the integrity and stability of wall rock in controlled perimeter blasting, such as in roadways and tunnel excavation by drilling and blasting.     

Vibration Effect and Damage Evolution Characteristics of Tunnel Surrounding Rock Under Cyclic Blasting Loading

Model test studies based on the similarity theory were conducted to investigate vibration effect and damage evolution characteristics of tunnel surrounding rock under push-type cyclic blasting excavation. The model was constructed with a ratio of 1:15. By simulating the tunnel excavation of push-type cyclic blasting, the influence of the blasting parameter change on vibration effect was explored. The damage degree of tunnel surrounding rock was evaluated by the change of the acoustic wave velocity at the same measuring point after blasting. The relationship between the damage evolution of surrounding rock and blasting times was established. The research results show that:① In the same geological environment, the number of delay initiation is larger, the main vibration frequency of blasting seismic wave is higher, and the attenuation of high frequency signal in the rock and soil is faster. The influence of number of delay initiation on blasting vibration effect cannot be ignored; ② Under push-type cyclic blasting excavation, there were great differences in the decreasing rates of acoustic wave velocity of the measuring points which have the same distance to the blasting region at the same depth, and the blasting damage ranges of surrounding rock were typically anisotropic at both depth and breadth; ③ When blasting parameters were basically kept as the same, the growth trend of the cumulative acoustic wave velocity decreasing rate at the measuring point was nonlinear under different cycle blasting excavations; ④ There were nonlinear evolution characteristics between the blasting cumulative damage (D) of surrounding rock and blasting times (n) under push-type cyclic blasting loading, and different measuring points had corresponding blasting cumulative damage propagation models, respectively. The closer the measuring point was away from the explosion source, the faster the cumulative damage extension. Blasting cumulative damage effect of surrounding rock had typically nonlinear evolution properties and anisotropic characteristics.     

高温水冷后循环加卸载条件下花岗岩的渗透性

针对水下隧道火灾喷水灭火降温过程中围岩的渗透性问题,对高温水冷后循环加卸载条件下花岗岩的渗透性开展了试验研究.以高温(25、400和900 ℃)水冷后的花岗岩试样为研究对象,通过轴向压应力循环加卸载过程中气体渗透性试验,研究花岗岩渗透率变化规律.结果表明:轴向压应力循环加卸载试验过程中,花岗岩试样的卸载模量随着高温水冷处理温度升高而减小,随着轴向压应力增大,卸载模量总体呈上升趋势,气体渗透率随温度升高而增大;花岗岩BET比表面积与BJH孔体积在900 ℃高温水冷后明显减小.     

基于应变率相关动力特性的岩体爆破破坏区范围研究

确定爆破后岩体的动态强度特性及受力规律是研究炮孔近区岩体爆破破岩特征的关键,为此,有必要在相关计算中引入动力作用下岩体率相关的强度准则。但是炮孔近区岩体应变率的试验及理论研究尚少,因此很难计算出爆破作用下围岩的准确应变率场,采取平均值或经验值的方法估算应变率又会给计算带来较大误差。为了弥补上述率相关问题的不足,基于柱状波的位移协调方程,推导了垂直孔近区岩体沿径向应变率的计算公式,并应用于岩体率相关的动抗压、抗拉强度准则,得出了岩体率相关的炮孔破坏区范围的计算公式,避免了因经验选取参数而使计算结果产生误差的不足。同时,基于实际工程中台阶爆破的实测结果,记录了不同孔径、装药条件下岩石底部残孔的破坏形态,通过实测值与计算值的对比分析,验证了计算公式的准确性,对实际工程炮孔破坏区范围预测及数值模拟有着重要的参考意义。