Treatment of Chinese traditional medicine wastewater in a submerged membrane bioreactor

Submerged membrane bioreactor(SMBR)is animprovement of the conventional activated sludgeprocesses,where the traditional secondary clarifier isreplaced by a membrane unit for the separation of trea-ted water from the mixed solution in the bioreac-tor[1-3].…     

Three controllable factors of steady operation of EGSB reactor

The bench-scale EGSB (expanded granular sludge bed) reactor was operated to study the effect of sludge loading rate, pH value and nutrient element on the operation of the EGSB reactor and the control rule of these factors. Continuous flow was used to treat synthetic wastewater containing dextrose and beer, and the temperature of reactor was controlled at mesophiles temperature (33 ℃). The experimental results demonstrated that the proper sludge loading rate was 0.9-1.42 kg COD/(kg VSS·d); the pH value in the reactor was controlled by adding sodium bicarbonate, the proper additive quantity was 1000-1200 mg/L; the additive quantity of nutrient element was as follows: 41.3 mg/(SS·d) of FeCl2·4H2O, 4.3 mg/(SS·d) of CoCl2·6H2O, 8.2 mg/(SS·d) of NiCl2·6H2O, 7.5-13 mg/(SS·d) of CaCO3,and 56.7-22.7 mg/(SS·d) of 7Na2S·9H2O, respectively. When these parameters were properly determined, the EGSB reactor could treat wastewater with 400-5000 mg/L COD concentration. The COD removal efficiency was over 85%. The operation of the EGSB reactor was steady and the EGSB reactor had strong anti-shock load ability.     

IC厌氧反应器＋SBAR好氧反应器工艺针对白酒酿造废水处理工艺中试试验运行报告

试验采用实验室装置和现场中试装置以阜阳金种子酒厂废水为进水,采用IC厌氧反应器＋SBAR反应器中试处理工艺,IC厌氧反应器的进水COD和NH4＋-N浓度分别为30000mg/L和160mg/L,出水浓度COD和NH4＋-N达到1000mg/L和70mg/L左右,一、二级IC厌氧反应器COD去除率分别达到85％、75％以上,NH4＋-N去除率分别在22％、17％左右;SBAR反应器的水力停留时间是480 min,COD容积负荷达到4.0 Kg COD/（m3d）,出水COD、NH4＋-N去除率分别稳定达到在92％、79％以上,出水pH值在7.0以上.该工艺处理最终出水COD和NH4＋-N浓度则分别低于100mg/L、10mg/L.出水均达到《发酵酒精和白酒工业水污染排放标准》（GB27631-2011）.     

亚硝酸型硝化在生物陶粒反应器中的实现

为确定低氨氮污水处理过程中的亚硝酸型硝化的特性,采用生物陶粒反应器对其亚硝化效果和稳定性进行研究.试验结果表明,在水温20~25℃,水力负荷0.6 m3/(m2.h),气水比(3~5)∶1,进水COD负荷106~316 mg/L,氨氮负荷42.78~73.62 mg/L的条件下,反应器对氨氮的平均去除率可达到81.32%,且亚硝酸氮积累率基本稳定地保持在91%~99%.结合反应器中氮元素沿程变化分析及反应器内生物膜中微生物的计数结果表明,通过控制低溶解氧,实现了在常温条件下稳定的亚硝酸盐积累.     

两种类型生物制氢反应器的运行及产氢特性

为探求反应器型式对发酵法生物制氢过程的影响,分别采用连续流搅拌槽式反应器(CSTR)和颗粒污泥膨胀床反应器(EGSB)接种厌氧活性污泥,从糖蜜废水中制取氢气.运行中控制温度为35℃,通过缩短水力停留时间(HRT)和增加进水COD质量浓度的方式逐渐提高容积负荷(OLR),分别对CSTR系统和EGSB系统的产氢速率、pH、液相末端产物及生物量进行研究.结果表明,两个系统中,产氢速率均随OLR提高而逐渐升高.CSTR的最佳产氢OLR为25~35 kg/(m3.d),而EGSB的最佳产氢OLR为70~80 kg/(m3.d);此时,CSTR系统的最大产氢速率为6.21 L/(L.h),EGSB系统的最大产氢速率可达18.0 L/(L.h).稳定运行期,EGSB系统的生物量为27.6 gVSS/L,而CSTR的生物量仅为7.8 gVSS/L,说明较高的生物量是生物制氢反应器稳定运行和高效产氢的关键.两个系统均可形成乙醇型发酵,说明发酵类型的形成不受反应器型式影响.与CSTR反应器相比,EGSB反应器具有更好的耐酸能力.     

半短程硝化-厌氧氨氧化处理污泥消化液的脱氮研究

采用实验室规模的半短程硝化-厌氧氨氧化联合工艺,研究了对高氨氮、低ρ(C)/ρ(N)污泥消化液的处理能力.结果表明,在A/O反应器中,短程硝化在温度9～20℃、平均ρDO=5.4 mg/L、SRT值为30 d左右时,进水氨氮负荷0.64 kg/(m3.d)的条件下,经过29 d得以实现,通过控制游离氨ρFA>4 mg/L时,此后,从30—96 d,出水亚硝氮累积率维持在70%左右;短程硝化实现之后,进而实现了半短程硝化,出水氨氮与亚硝氮浓度比维持在1∶1.32左右;采用UASB反应器,接种由好氧颗粒污泥、厌氧颗粒污泥、氧化沟活性污泥及短程硝化活性污泥组成的混合污泥,在避光、厌氧、(30±0.2)℃、pH=7.3～7.9条件下,以污泥消化液经短程硝化处理后的出水为进水,初期进水氨氮、亚硝氮容积负荷分别为0.07、0.10kg/(m3.d),经过24d运行,氨氮和亚硝氮开始出现同步去除现象,195 d时总氮去除负荷达1.03 kg/(m3.d);待半短程硝化运行稳定和厌氧氨氧化反应成功启动后,将二者联立并运行了105 d,最终总氮去除率达到70%.     

IC-ALR工艺处理去油脂泔水实验

采用IC-ALR的新型工艺处理含有大量蛋白质、碳水化合物的去油脂泔水。结果表明,在适应期采用快速提升负荷的方式有利于提高污泥的活性,加速污泥颗粒化;稳定运行期,当进水有机浓度达到22.4 g/L时,COD去除率高达91.7%,出水中9.2~10.1 mmol/L的VFA含量不会影响IC的稳定运行。利用ALR处理IC厌氧消化液,当进水COD和NH3-N浓度分别达到1 850和420 mg/L时,ALR反应器能够去除进水中75%的COD和91%的氨氮,出水COD和NH3-N浓度分别为420和40 mg/L。     

Use of Tetrazolium Salt INT for Estimation of Biological Activity of Activated Sludge Cultivated in SBR Process

The tetrazolium salt 2-（4-Iodophenyl） -3-（ 4-nitrophenyl ） -5-phenyltetrazolium chloride （INT） was used as a tool fi）r estimating the activity of the electron transport system （ETS） in activated sludge in a 40 L sequencing batch reactor （SBR） and domestie sewage as the organic substrate. The activity of INT-ETS during one SBR cycle, and the effeet of the ammonia concentration and the concentration of organic matter influent on the INT-ETS activity were investigated. The results show that： the use of INT is reliable in estimating of biological activity of activated sludge of SBR system; Biological activity of organic matter biodegradation, nitrification and denitrification process in SBR system reduce orderly. Obviously, INT-ETS activity reduces from 232.59 rny/（g · h） to 190. 65 rag/（ g ·h） at first and then decreases to 113.88 my/（ g · h） when influent concentration of COD and NH4＋-N is 300 my/L and 40 mg/L respectively. In addition, various influent Nitrogen （NH4＋-N are 14.5 mg/L and 42.0 my/L） and organic shock loading （COD are 293 mg/L and 685 my/L） experimenntions cure prove that operational conditions have no obvious effect on INT-ETS variation rule. However, the time of the appearance of feature points marking different reaction phase is influenced.     

A/O脱氮工艺影响因素及其控制策略的研究

为有效提高A／O工艺脱氮效率,以淀粉废水为研究对象,系统考察了DO、硝化液回流量、污泥回流量、SRT、进水COD与TN质量质量浓度比和HRT等因素对脱氮效率的影响,并建立了相应的控制策略,如以出水氨氮质量浓度来控制好氧区DO值,以缺氧区硝酸氮质量浓度来控制内循环回流量,以进水COD与TN质量质量浓度比或出水总氮质量浓度来控制外碳源投量,最后根据上述分析建立了A／O工艺硝化与反硝化反应专家控制系统。     

外循环厌氧反应器的快速启动

工程运行试验研究EC厌氧反应器处理啤酒废水启动过程中的运行效能、稳定性以及内部的污泥分布情况,分析颗粒污泥形成的关键因素.运行第95d,进水有机负荷达到8.5kg/(m3·d),COD去除率达80%,出水COD低于400mg/L;在系统1.2m和4m处污泥中均出现粒径为0.5～1.0mm左右的颗粒污泥.结果表明,EC厌氧反应器处理低质量浓度、大流量的啤酒废水采用间歇-连续快速启动方式是可行的,并且上升流速在2.5～5.0m/h有利于颗粒污泥的快速形成.研究证实EC厌氧反应器处理啤酒废水能够实现稳定、高效地启动运行.     

Shut-cut nitrification characteristics of aerobic granule in a sequencing batch airlift reactor at low temperature

To investigate the shut-cut nitrification characteristics of aerobic granule,an aerobic granular sequencing batch airlift reactor(AG-SBAR) was carried out with mixed carbon sources of sodium acetate and glucose at 10±1 ℃.Results indicated that ammonia oxidizing bacteria was accumulated inside the aerobic granules and the reactor performed stably with shut-cut nitrification for a long term at low temperature.During the stable operation period,the effluent ammonia nitrogen concentration was maintained at 13.6 mg/L without nitrate and nitrite when the COD/N ratio was 20:1.However,the effluent concentration of ammonia nitrogen was below 0.5 mg/L with effluent nitrosation ratio of 96.7% on average when the COD/N ratio was reduced to 15:1 and 10:1.And the effluent phosphorus concentration was less than 0.4 mg/L during the stable period with the sludge retention time of 30 d.The phosphorus removal efficiency was not strongly influenced by the adjustment of COD/N ratio in this experiment.The removal efficiencies for COD,NH4+-N and PO43--P were 91.3%-94.6%,97.9%-99.7% and 97.1%-99.5%,respectively.     

高浓度氨氮废水自养半短程硝化试验

在SBR反应器中采用消化污泥驯化启动自养半短程硝化系统。在温度35±1℃,溶解氧浓度（DO）1．0～1．5mg／L的条件下,可实现反应器的短程硝化。试验结果表明：反应器进水NH3-N浓度为510mg／L、HRT=12h、DO=0．8～1．2mg／L、pH=7．5～8．3时,SBR反应器出水NO2^--N和NH3-N的平均浓度分别为253．7和246．9mg／L,P（NO2^--N）／p（NH3-N）为1．02,满足ANAMMOX反应器的进水要求。     

接触氧化法处理小区污水技术研究

采用接触氧化法处理小区生活污水,实验结果表明,当汽水比为20：1,停留时间为24h,原水COD大于700mg／L,出水COD能稳定保持在200mg／L以下,反应器内的生物相也非常丰富。     

竹丝填料生物反应器处理化粪池出水

利用竹丝填料生物反应器处理化粪池上清液,以竹丝填料作为微生物的载体,采用序批式小试验,试验结果表明:运行周期6h,进水COD为500～550mg/L,SS为170～190mg/L,COD去除率可达88.7%,SS去除率可达92.4%,说明该工艺处理化粪池上清液是可行的。通过生物相观察发现,竹丝填料上的生物相较为丰富,以线虫、藻类和原生动物为主的指示生物活性良好。     

晚期垃圾渗滤液两级UASB-A/O-SBR工艺短程深度脱氮

采用"两级上流式厌氧污泥床(UASB)-缺氧/好氧(A/O)-序批式反应器(SBR)工艺"对城市生活晚期垃圾渗滤液进行了深度处理.运行模式如下:首先在一级UASB(UASB1)中反硝化,UASBI出水中的亚硝态氮和硝态氮利用残余COD在二级UASB(UASB2)中被进一步去除,在A/O反应器中利用残余COD进行反硝化以及将NH4+-N硝化,在SBR中去除硝化产生的亚硝态氮、硝态氮.试验中首先采用原渗滤液进入处理系统(20d),然后采用原渗滤液与生活污水1∶1混合进入系统实现和维持稳定的短程硝化(60d),最后采用原渗滤液与A/O反应器出水1:1混合进入系统实现和维持稳定的短程硝化(60d).140d的试验结果表明:原渗滤液的总氮浓度为2 300 mg·L-1,氨氮浓度在2 000mg·L-1左右时,通过将原渗滤液与生活污水或A/O反应器出水1:1混合,可以在A/O反应器中实现稳定的短程硝化,其中亚硝态氮积累率为70%～88%.后续的SBR工艺,可彻底去除产生的亚硝态氮和硝态氮.最终出水的氨氮浓度不到2 mg·L-1,总氮浓度为18～20mg·L-1,系统氨氮和总氮去除率分别为99.7%和98%.     

低溶解氧丝状菌污泥微膨胀在A/O中的启动与维持

采用实际生活污水,研究了低溶解氧丝状菌污泥微膨胀在A/O系统中的启动、维持及其调控,并考察了微膨胀过程中系统对污染物的去除效果.试验结果表明:较低的有机负荷条件(F/M为0.14 kg/(kgMLSS.d))下,大幅度降低溶解氧并不一定会诱发污泥膨胀,而在正常有机负荷(F/M为0.24 kg/(kgMLSS.d))下,维持溶解氧质量浓度在0.3～0.4 mg/L时,系统的污泥容积指数(SVI)能稳定在150～300 mL/g,发生丝状菌微膨胀;丝状菌污泥微膨胀状态可长期稳定维持,并具有高度的可控性;与高溶解氧条件相比,在低溶解氧污泥微膨胀期间,COD和TN的平均去除率有所升高,分别为85%和69%,氨氮基本能完全硝化;同时,由于丝状菌的网捕作用,出水水质中的悬浮物(SS)明显减少,且随着SVI的升高而降低;A/O系统实现并维持低溶解氧丝状菌微膨胀期间,节约曝气量约42%,有效地节约了能耗.     

多孔生物粒子流化床中DO和COD对同步硝化反硝化的影响

研究了多孔生物粒子流化床同步硝化反硝化系统中,溶解氧和COD浓度变化对脱氮效率的影响.研究结果表明:在溶解氧浓度为1.0 mg/L~3.0 mg/L范围内,随着反应器内溶解氧浓度的降低,总氮去除率提高,保持较好脱氮率的溶解氧浓度为2.0 mg/L左右;在进水COD浓度为400 mg/L~700 mg/L范围内,保持较好脱氮率的最佳有机物浓度为600 mg/L左右,降低或提高有机物浓度时总脱氮率均下降.     

摇动床生物膜新技术处理废水的研究

利用摇动床具有的容积负荷高与污泥产量低等优点,日本NET株式会社开发了摇动床生物膜新技术.试验结果,摇动床生物膜新技术具有高效处理有机废水和污泥减量的显著特性.最高COD容积负荷2.4 kg/m3.d时,COD去除率为97%;进水最高COD浓度2551 mg/L时,出水COD浓度为83 mg/L.进水平均COD浓度1 182 mg/L时,平均NH4+-N去除率为99.4%,具有较强的硝化能力.此外,摇动床反应器中形成了"细菌-原生动物-后生动物"的较长食物链,有利于污泥减量,运行过程中污泥产率为0.194,仅为普通活性污泥法的50%左右.     

碳氮比对气水交替式膜生物反应器同步脱氮除碳的影响

为确定气水交替式膜生物反应器(AMBR)处理污水时的适宜碳氮比,实现较好的同步脱氮除碳效果,构建以2片亲水性聚丙烯中空纤维膜轮流作为曝气膜和出水膜的AMBR,在150d连续运行的时间内,考察碳氮比对AMBR处理模拟生活污水同步脱氮除碳的影响.结果表明:将混合液中DO的质量浓度控制在0.5 mg/L左右,进水COD和NH...     

Application of multi-stage bio-filtration system for sewage treatment and analysis of the microbial community

The conventional fixed-bed biofilm process has disadvantages of easily blocked,high headloss and short operation cycle.For overcoming these disadvantages,a multi-stage biofilm reactor(MSBFR),in which the lightweight floating filter was dominant,was set up and operated.For detail investigation of the system when treating municipal wastewater,the succession characteristic of microbial community was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction(PCR)-Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis(DGGE)method.The results showed that the process had high efficiency to removal COD,SS and NH4+-N.The concentration of COD,SS and NH4-N in effluent were maintained lower than 40 mg/L,5 mg/L and 2 mg/L even though the concentration of COD,SS and NH4+-N in influent were 232-663 mg/L,105-245 mg/L and 23.7-62.7 mg/L,respectively,and the empty bed retention time was 3 h.Furthermore,biofilm samples taken from the column 2nd in height were analyzed by PCR-DGGE.The result of PCR-DGGE analysis showed that the microbial community had a little change in height and the dominant groups were Paracoccus sp.,Lactobacillus delbrueckii,Pseudomonas sp.and Bacteroidetes bacterium.