Experimental investigation and analysis on flexural performance of functionally graded composite beam crack-controlled by ultrahigh toughness cementitious composites

Based on the concept of functionally graded concrete, UHTCC (ultrahigh toughness cementitious composites) material with excellent crack-controlling ability is strategically substituted for part of the concrete, which surrounds the main longitudinal reinforcement in a reinforced concrete member. Investigations on bending behavior of such a functionally graded composite beam crack-controlled by UHTCC (abbreviated as UHTCC-FGC beam) have been carried out. After establishing a theoretical calculation model, the paper discusses the results of four-point bending experiment on long composite beams without web reinforcement, and validates the theoretical formulae through experimental results of UHTCC-FGC beams with different thicknesses of UHTCC layer. Besides improving bearing capacity and saving steel reinforcements, the results indicate that UHTCC-FGC beams can also effectively control the deformation and enhance the ductility of members. At last, the optimal thickness of UHTCC layer in UHTCC-FGC beams has been confirmed, which can not only save materials and improve mechanical performance of members, but also be very effective in preventing corrosion-induced damage and enhancing the durability of members by controlling crack width below 0.05 mm under service conditions. Supported by the Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 50438010) and the Research and Application Programs of Key Technologies for Major Constructions in the South-North Water Transfer Project Construction in China (Grant No. JGZXJJ2006-13)     

Tensile and flexural properties of ultra high toughness cemontious composite

The tensile and flexural properties of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fiber reinforced ultra high toughness cementitious composite (UHTCC) were investigated. The composite, tested at the age of 14 d, 28 d and 56 d, shows extremely remarkable pseudo strain hardening behavior, saturated multiple cracking and ultra high ultimate strain capacity above 4% under uniaxial loading. Also, the corresponding crack widths are controlled under 50 μm even at 56 days age. In the third point bending tests on thin plate specimens, the composite shows ultra high flexural ductility and multiple cracking on the tension surface. The high ultimate flexural strength/first tensile strength ratio of about 5 verifies the pseudo strain hardening behavior of UHTCC. SEM observation on fracture surfaces provides indirect evidence of optimal design for the composite. Funded by the Hong Kong Research Grant Council(CERG UST6138/04E), the Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.50438010) and the Research & Application of Key Technology for the South-North Water Transfer Project Construction in China(JGZXJJ2006-13)     

Flexural response of reinforced concrete beams strengthened with post-poured ultra high toughness cementitious composites layer

Four-point bending tests were conducted up to failure on eleven reinforced concrete (RC) beams and strengthening beams to study the effectiveness of externally pouring ultra high toughness cementitious composites (UHTCC) on improving the flexural behavior of existing RC beams.The strengthening materials included UHTCC and high strength grade concrete.The parameters,such as thickness and length of strengthening layer and reinforcement in post-poured layer,were analyzed.The flexural behavior,failure mode and ...     

细晶粒高强钢筋混凝土梁受弯性能试验与参数分析

为研究配置了细晶粒高强钢筋混凝土梁的受弯性能,制作了HRBF400、HRBF500级钢筋混凝土矩形截面梁各4根进行静力抗弯试验.研究表明HRBF筋混凝土梁在短期荷载作用下的最大裂缝宽度实测值满足规范要求,但计算值不满足.HRBF400级钢筋混凝土梁在正常使用条件下的挠度能满足规范要求,HRBF500级钢筋混凝土梁不能够满足规范要求.推导了HRBF筋混凝土梁在裂缝/挠度控制条件下的承载力计算公式,提出了构件承载力利用系数的概念,分析了钢筋强度、钢筋直径、混凝土强度、配筋率、混凝土保护层厚度、高跨比对构件承载力利用系数的影响.在经济配筋率范围内,HRBF筋混凝土梁的延性基本满足要求.HRBF筋混凝土梁的耗能能力在较低配筋率时与普通钢筋混凝土梁相近,但随着配筋率的提高,其耗能能力较普通钢筋混凝土梁降低的快.同配筋率下,HRBF筋混凝土梁在弹性阶段的耗能能力较普通钢筋混凝土梁要高,且随着配筋率的增大而提高.     

受拉钢筋暴露的混凝土梁承载力研究

由于设计、施工、使用等多种原因导致大量的钢筋混凝土梁破损,有的甚至暴露出了下部的受拉钢筋。由于局部钢筋和混凝土的分离,在荷载作用下,钢筋与混凝土之间的变形协调条件不再满足,因此计算混凝土梁极限弯矩的规范公式不再适用。介绍了国内外研究现状, 对各阶段的研究成果进行了综合分析与评价,最后提出用有限元方法计算受拉钢筋暴露的混凝土梁的承载力。     

预应力RPC-NC叠合梁弯曲疲劳性能试验分析

为研究预应力活性粉末混凝土(RPC)-普通混凝土(NC)叠合梁的弯曲疲劳性能,以中国铁路32 m跨度T型梁为原型,设计并制作了4根完全相同的缩尺模型RPC-NC叠合梁,其中1根梁进行静载试验另外3根梁进行等幅疲劳试验.对试验梁在不同疲劳加载循环下的正截面应变分布、受压区NC应变变化、裂缝发展、疲劳挠度及刚度发展的变化规律进行了分析,并将疲劳加载后未发生疲劳破坏的叠合梁、未经历疲劳加载的叠合梁以及相同结构尺寸和配筋情况下的普通混凝土梁的静力弯曲性能进行对比.结果表明:和普通混凝土适筋梁相同,RPC-NC叠合梁的疲劳破坏由非预应力纵筋疲劳断裂引起;在疲劳荷载作用下,截面应变沿截面高度始终近似呈线性分布,RPC-NC叠合梁正截面变形符合平截面假定;疲劳加载结束后,未发生破坏的RPC-NC叠合梁和疲劳加载前相比延性有所下降,但仍大于未经历疲劳加载的普通混凝土梁.根据试验结果,拟合得到试验梁与疲劳加载循环次数有关的刚度退化公式,可为RPC-NC叠合梁的设计提供一定的参考.     

预应力 CFRP 布加固负载混凝土梁抗裂性能分析

为开展预应力碳纤维增强复合材料（CFRP）布加固混凝土受弯构件时对正截面裂缝影响的研究,设计制作了配筋率不同的2组共计8根试验梁。在承受40％极限荷载的基础上利用预应力CFRP 布对试验梁正截面进行加固,并完成其静载试验,获得混凝土受弯构件在前期加载和加固后的二次受力过程中弯曲段裂缝分布、裂缝宽度和高度的试验数据。在试验数据的基础上,通过理论分析,提出了与《混凝土结构设计规范》相协调的预应力 CFRP 布加固负载混凝土梁弯曲段裂缝平均间距和最大裂缝宽度的计算公式。研究结果表明：二次受力过程中,预应力 CFRP 布能有效抑制裂缝的开展,且随着预拉应力的增加,裂缝平均间距和裂缝宽度均减小。     

超高韧性水泥基材料的制备技术

分别采用活性粉末混凝土（RPC）和渗浇钢纤维混凝土（SIFCON）两种制备工艺,根据水泥基材料结构的多尺度特征,研究了由碳酸钙晶须和微钢纤维复合增强的超高韧性水泥基材料（Ultra-High-Toughness Cementitious Composite,简称UHTCC）的制备技术,测试UHTCC不同配比的抗压强度、抗折强度、抗弯强度以及单轴拉伸性能,采用折压比、韧性指数等多个指标对UHTCC的韧性进行了评价。试验表明：UHTCC的抗压强度、抗折强度、抗弯强度以及延性和韧性都远高于普通钢纤维混凝土,其抗弯强度最高达65.1 MPa、韧性指数I₂₀最高达49.21,单轴拉伸试验时呈现明显的假应变硬化行为,极限拉应变可达4%~8%。相对而言,利用SIFCON工艺制得的水泥基材料韧性更高。     

Experimental research on mechanical properties of prestressed truss concrete composite beam encased with circular steel tube

Tests of 4 simply supported unbonded prestressed truss concrete composite beams encased with circular steel tube were carried out. It is found that the ratio of the stress increment of the unbonded tendon to that of the tensile steel tube is 0.252 during the using stage,and the average crack space of beams depends on the ratio of the sum of the bottom chord steel tube’s outside diameter and the secondary bottom chord steel tube’s section area to the effective tensile concrete area. The coefficient of uneven crack distribution is 1.68 and the formula for the calculation of crack width is established. Test results indicate that the ultimate stress increment of unbonded tendon in the beams decreases in linearity with the increase of the composite reinforcement index β0. The pure bending region of beams accords with the plane section assumption from loading to failure. The calculation formula of ultimate stress increment of the unbonded tendon and the method to calculate the bearing capacity of normal section of beams have been presented. Besides,the method to calculate the stiffness of this sort of beams is brought forward as well.     

铝合金板加固钢筋混凝土梁的剥离破坏机理试验研究

剥离破坏是铝合金板加固钢筋混凝土（RC）梁常见的早期破坏形式,为了避免剥离破坏的出现,对铝合金板加固RC梁的剥离破坏机理开展试验研究。制作了24根RC梁,利用结构胶将铝合金板粘贴在RC梁底部。为了研究附加锚固对剥离破坏的影响,部分试验梁在铝合金板特定位置设置了化学螺栓或U形箍。通过铝合金板加固RC梁的简支梁三分点对称单调加载试验,得到铝合金板加固RC梁的4种破坏模式：适筋破坏、超筋破坏、板端剥离破坏和中部裂缝剥离破坏。剥离破坏的原因是界面剪应力过大。利用铝合金板应变片的试验数据,得到了铝合金板的粘贴界面剪应力分布曲线,分析了界面剪应力分布规律：在板端取得最大值后迅速下降至零值,RC梁裂缝处界面剪应力发生突变。板端剥离破坏发生的机理：铝合金板端界面剪应力达到铝合金板与混凝土的粘贴强度后,界面剪应力导致保护层内混凝土剥离;中部裂缝剥离破坏发生的机理：界面剪应力在混凝土齿状块体端部产生的正应力大于混凝土受拉强度,导致混凝土齿状块体从梁体剥离。在此基础上,得到了两种剥离破坏的判别式,并结合试验数据验证了判别式的准确性。     

Crack elongation and its width of large depth reinforced concrete beams

In order to meet the requirement of structural inspection,the crack spacing and crack width at various heights in the tensile zone of six large depth reinforced concrete beams were measured under several loading levels of serviceability state.The effects of the depth of normal section beams on the crack spacing and crack width were analyzed,and the modified model is proposed for calculating the average crack spacing by thinking about the depth of normal section,the reinforcement arrangement and the effective reinforcement ratio.The relationships of crack widths at any position in the tensile zone and at the reinforcement level on the side surface of beam were studied.By theoretical and statistical analysis,a method is proposed to calculate the ratios of crack widths between any position and the reinforcement level on the side surface of large depth reinforced concrete beams.     

复合砂浆钢筋网加固RC足尺梁受弯试验研究

通过对6根RC足尺梁受弯试验,研究不同强度等级RC足尺梁采用高性能复合砂浆钢筋网加固后的受弯性能。主要分析原构件混凝土强度和加固砂浆强度匹配对加固梁受弯承载力、刚度及抗裂性能影响。依据平截面假定和试验结果,提出梁的受弯承载力、刚度计算公式。依据建立的公式计算受弯极限承载力和挠度值与试验值吻合较好,可为实际加固工程设计提供理论参考。     

二次受力下预应力碳纤维布加固混凝土梁承载力计算

外贴预应力碳纤维布加固混凝土构件是一种简单且有效的加固方式.对预应力碳纤维布加固混凝土梁的全过程做了理论分析,根据应力—应变关系及变形协调原理,分析了预应力碳纤维布加固混凝土梁各个阶段的承载力计算,并计算了在二次受力时的抗弯承载力,各阶段理论分析计算值与试验值基本吻合,可为实际工程的加固设计提供理论参考.     

高性能混凝土简支梁正截面的抗弯疲劳性能

通过10根三分点加载方式下的简支梁抗弯静力和疲劳试验,研究了不同混凝土强度等级、不同钢筋类型和不同荷载水平对高性能混凝土梁正截面疲劳性能的影响。通过分析梁跨中挠度、压区混凝土应变和拉区钢筋应变以及梁裂缝的发展规律,考察了高性能混凝土梁在弯曲重复荷载作用下的疲劳损伤过程。结合高性能混凝土和钢筋的材料疲劳损伤分析,提出了高性能混凝土梁疲劳寿命方程和疲劳后梁挠度的计算公式,并将理论计算的疲劳寿命、挠度与试验结果进行了比较,最后对比分析了高性能混凝土梁与普通混凝土梁抗弯疲劳性能的差异。     

钢筋混凝土和预应力混凝土叠合梁的正截面承载力计算方法

基于现有试验研究资料,进一步分析了钢筋混凝土和预应力混凝土叠合梁的正截面受力性能,提出了其正截面超配筋界界限判别和正截面承载力计算方法,与普通钢筋混凝土和预应力混凝土梁相应计算形成统一理论体系。     

混凝土叠合梁设计理论综述

首先对叠合梁受力性能方面的研究成果进行了归纳和分析,着重分析了二次受力叠合梁在受力过程中受拉钢筋"应力超前"、后浇混凝土"受压应变滞后"和截面内力转移等的机理;在此基础上,对叠合梁的界限受压区高度、正截面受弯承载力、斜截面受剪承载力、叠合面受剪承载能力和变形计算进行了分析与综述;最后,分析了预应力RPC-NC叠合梁的应用前景,并对其设计要点进行了分析,以期推动这种新结构的发展.     

碳纤维板加固钢筋混凝土梁短期挠度的试验研究

本文对钢筋混凝土梁底粘贴碳纤维板加固进行了试验研究,通过3根未加固梁的静载对比试验,着重探讨了6根加固的试验梁中一次和二次加载对混凝土梁刚度的影响,并建立了CFRP板加固梁截面挠度的计算公式。试验表明,粘贴碳纤维板可有效地加固钢筋混凝土结构,延缓了裂缝的开展和提高了梁的刚度,且计算结果与试验结果基本一致。     

碳纤维布与钢板复合加固钢筋混凝土梁延性分析

碳纤维布与钢板复合加固钢筋混凝土梁是一种新型加固方法,通过12根试件的试验,对复合加固梁的截面延性进行计算分析.在普通钢筋混凝土梁截面延性理论计算基础上,根据复合加固特点,考虑到钢筋及钢板的屈服先后次序及混凝土应力状态的不同,对不同状态下的延性进行计算分析.     

预应力活性粉末混凝土-普通混凝土叠合梁疲劳全过程分析

为了推广活性粉末混凝土在桥梁工程中的应用,对预应力活性粉末混凝土（RPC）-普通混凝土（NC）叠合梁疲劳破坏的全过程进行分析. 建立NC、RPC、非预应力筋和预应力筋的疲劳损伤退化模型,结合分段线性法提出预应力RPC-NC叠合梁的疲劳全过程分析方法,并针对考虑RPC抗拉疲劳性能与否这2种情况分别进行计算. 为了验证该分析方法的有效性,对2根预应力RPC-NC叠合梁进行等幅疲劳循环加载,试验结果和计算结果的对比表明,当不考虑RPC抗拉强度时,非预应力筋应力的计算结果明显偏大,导致分析结果过于保守;在考虑RPC抗拉强度的情况下,使用该方法可以较为准确地描述预应力RPC-NC叠合梁的疲劳退化过程.     

CFRP板加固混凝土梁试验与设计理论

为研究CFRP板宽度和受拉钢筋配筋率等因素对CFRP板加固混凝土梁受力性能的影响.进行了4根梁的单调静力试验.研究表明:加固梁的破坏模式均为CFRP板剥离破坏;随着CFRP板宽的增加,加固梁的开裂荷载有所提高,但屈服荷载和极限荷载并不一定提高;受拉钢筋配筋率越低,加固梁受弯承载力的提高程度越明显.基于国内外相关试验结果,建议CFRP板剥离应变值取为其极限拉应变的0.6倍.此外,提出了CFRP板加固混凝土梁受弯承载力、裂缝宽度和挠度的设计计算方法,计算值与试验结果吻合较好.