基片表面朝向对ZnO纳米线生长机理的影响

采用热蒸发ZnO粉末法,以金膜为催化剂,在两片表面分别朝上和朝下的Si(100)基片上生长ZnO纳米线(样品分别标为1#和2#)。X射线衍射(XRD)图谱上只存在ZnO的(002)衍射峰,说明ZnO纳米线沿(001)择优取向。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)表征发现,ZnO纳米线整齐排列在Si基片上,直径在100nm左右,平均长度为4mm。通过分析得出,两种基片上生长的ZnO纳米线的生长机理是不相同的:1#样品,在基片表面上先生长ZnO薄膜,再在薄膜上生长ZnO纳米线;2#样品,ZnO纳米线直接外延生长在基片表面。结果显示基片表面的朝向影响ZnO纳米线的生长机理。     

不同微观形貌的ZnO薄膜的制备及其表征

通过溶胶凝胶法在透明玻璃上制备了ZnO薄膜,分别采用XRD、SEM和AFM等分析方法对所制样品进行表征,分析了样品的结构特性。研究了络合剂及添加剂等因素对ZnO薄膜微观形貌的影响,并且考察了不同计量比下ZnO颗粒的富集程度、纳米线的对称程度差别,得到了致密粒子(0.7μm)和纳米线(0.5μm)的两种微观结构ZnO薄膜。研究表明,纳米线呈倒伏状分布在基体表面,并分析了对称分布的纳米线结构产生的机理。     

Mechanical properties of Mn-doped ZnO nanowires studied by first-principles calculations

First-principles calculations were performed to investigate the mechanical properties of ZnO nanowires and to study the doping and size effects.A series of strains were applied to ZnO nanowires in the axial direction and the elastic moduli of ZnO nanowires were obtained from the energy versus strain curves.Pure and Mn-doped ZnO nanowires with three different diameters (1.14,1.43,and 1.74 nm) were studied.It is found that the elastic moduli of the ZnO nanowires are 146.5,146.6,and 143.9 GPa,respectively,which are slightly larger than that of the bulk (140.1 GPa),and they increase as the diameter decreases.The elastic moduli of the Mn-doped ZnO nanowires are 137.6,141.8,and 141.0 GPa,which are slightly lower than those of the undoped ones by 6.1％,3.3％,and 2.0％,respectively.The mechanisms of doping and size effect were discussed in terms of chemical bonding and geometry considerations.     

氨气退火对ZnO纳米线阵列光致发光性质的影响

采用水热方法在Si（100）衬底上制备ZnO纳米线．利用提拉法在Si衬底上首先制备ZnO晶种层,然后利用水热法在晶种层上生长ZnO纳米线．在不同温度下的NH。气氛中,对zn0纳米线进行退火处理．系统地研究了NHs退火对ZnO纳米线光学性质的影响,在低温光致发光光谱中观察到了-9氮受主相关的光发射,并通过自由电子一受主辐射复合光发射确定受主离化能为129meV．实验结果还表明,随着退火温度的升高,施主一受主对辐射复合发光呈现了微弱红移现象．在700℃退火的条件下制备的ZnO纳米线的低温PL谱中,观察到较为明显的自由激子光发射,并采用理论拟合进行证明．     

In、Sn共掺杂ZnO纳米线的制备及其气敏性能研究

为了改善纯ZnO纳米线的气敏性能,采用物理蒸发法制备出In、Sn共掺杂的ZnO纳米线,利用XRD、SEM、TEM对产物的形貌、结构进行表征,采用CGS-1TP智能气敏分析系统对其进行酒精气敏性能测试.结果表明,制备出的In、Sn共掺杂ZnO纳米线具有六方纤锌矿结构,平均直径约为80nm,In元素与Sn元素的掺杂量分别为0.12%和1.1%.在最佳工作温度225℃条件下,对气体浓度为400ppm的酒精蒸气的灵敏度S(Ra/Rg)为39.06,响应-恢复时间分别为9s和5s,比同等测试条件下纯ZnO纳米线的灵敏度提高63.9%,响应-恢复时间分别缩短1s和2s.     

在外加电场下制备ZnO纳米线

为了有效控制ZnO纳米线的生长,采用物理热蒸发法在外加电场的条件下制备ZnO纳米线.通过在沉积区引入外电场,制备出了定向生长的ZnO纳米线、纳米梳子及纳米锥.借助扫描电子显微镜、X射线能谱分析仪和透射电子显微镜以及X射线衍射仪,研究外加电场对ZnO纳米线生长的影响.与没有外加电场的情况相比,ZnO纳米线的生长方式发生了较大的改变,由一点向空间发散生长转变为沿某一方向定向生长,其平均直径约70 nm,长约12μm.结果表明,外加电场能有效控制半导体纳米线的生长,使其生长更具有方向性.     

紫光激发对ZnO纳米线氨气气敏性能的影响

分析了ZnO基气体传感器在应用中存在灵敏度低、响应和恢复时间长的问题.以物理热蒸发法制备的ZnO纳米线为气敏基料,制作成旁热式气敏元件.采用紫光(波长为370~395 nm)激发,用静态配气法对浓度为100 mL/m3的氨气进行了气敏性能的测试.ZnO纳米线气敏元件对氨气检测的灵敏度提高了353%,响应时间和恢复时间分别缩短了4 s和1 s.     

Fabrication and green emission of ZnO nanowire arrays

Well-aligned single-crystalline wurzite zinc oxide (ZnO) nanowire arrays were successfully fabricated on a Si substrate by a simple physical vapor-deposition (PVD) method at a relatively low temperature of about 500℃. The as-fabricated nanowires were preferentially arranged along the [001] direction of ZnO. The photoluminescence spectrum of ZnO nanowire arrays showed two emission bands: a strong green emission at around 500 nm and a weak ultraviolet emission at 380 nm. The strong green light emission was re...     

稀土元素掺杂对ZnO纳米线气敏性能的影响

为解决ZnO基气体传感器在实际应用中存在着灵敏度低、选择性差、响应时间长等问题,以采用物理热蒸发法制备的纯ZnO纳米线和稀土元素（Y2O3、CeO2、La2O3）掺杂的ZnO纳米线为气敏基料,制备成旁热式气敏元件,用静态配气法对浓度均为100 ppm的无水乙醇蒸汽、氨气、甲烷及一氧化碳四种气体进行气敏性能测试.结果表明,稀土元素掺杂后,ZnO纳米线对四种气体灵敏度的最高值都有明显的提高,响应时间和恢复时间分别为4 s和3 s.     

钨电极与氧化锌纳米线接触的电学特性

为了研究单根纳米线的电学性能及基于纳米线器件的性能表征,在扫描电镜中采用微操纵仪系统,构成测试单根ZnO纳米线的电流-电压(I-V)曲线的两探针装置.测量得到基本线性、典型整流型、基本对称和非对称的I-V曲线.采用金属-半导体-金属(M-S-M)模型和热电子发射理论分析了I-V曲线的特征.ZnO纳米线的导通电流主要取决于纳米线与2个钨电极的M-S-M结的接触程度.ZnO纳米线电学性能的计算表明,由基本线性I-V特征计算的电阻率为4.2Ω.cm;整流型I-V特性曲线的有效势垒高度为0.47 eV.     

纳米ZnO传感阵列对多组份气体的智能识别

采用物理热蒸发法制备纯ZnO纳米线及Al,Ag,Ni掺杂的ZnO纳米线.以纯ZnO纳米线及Al,Ag,Ni掺杂的ZnO纳米线为基料分别制成气敏传感器;利用气体敏感的差异性,构建纳米ZnO基气敏传感器阵列,结合BP人工神经网络来实现纳米ZnO基气敏元件对目标混合气体组分和相对浓度的识别.结果表明:将传感器阵列输出灵敏度值进行处理后,输入BP神经网络完成训练,能够准确识别混合气体(CO,H2,CH4)的组分与相对浓度。     

Au modified ZnO nanowires for ethanol gas sensing

We demonstrated the application of sensors for ethanol gas detection.The ZnO nanowires based sensors with interdigital electrodes were fabricated,and a platform was constructed to test the properties of the sensors.To acquire better response and shorter response/recovery time,the ZnO nanowires were modified with Au.The ethanol gas sensing performance of the pure sensors and those modified with Au nanoparticles were investigated for comparison,and the optimal test temperature of 350℃ was obtained.We found that the response/recovery time for the modified sensor towards 500 ppm of the ethanol gas was reduced by 1.35 and1.42 times compared with the pure sensors,and the sensitivities towards 500 and 10 ppm of the ethanol gas were also increased by 3.18 and 1.35 times,respectively.These proved the enhancement of the Au nanoparticles in the ZnO nanowires based sensors for ethanol gas sensing.     

Antibacterial Activity and Mechanism of ZnO/Cu~(2+)-Chitosan/Montmorillonite

A new composite antibacterial material ZnO/Cu~(2+)-Chitosan/Montmorillonite (ZCCM) was prepared with montmorillonite as carrier,Zn(Ac)_2?2H_2O,Cu(NO_3)_2?3H_2O and chitosan as raw materials.ZCCM was characterized by X-ray diffraction,nitrogen physical adsorption,scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersion spectrometry.The antibacterial activity of ZCCM against Escherichia coli,Salmonella typhimurium,and Staphylococcus aureus was evaluated by minimal inhibitory concentration,minimum bactericidal concentration and the influence of growth curves.ZCCM displays excellent antibacterial activity which is higher than ZnO-Montmorillonite,Cu~(2+)-Montmorillonite and ZnO/Cu~(2+)-Montmorillonite.In addition,the antibacterial mechanism of ZCCM was investigated by analyzing bacterial morphology,integrity of cell membrane,lipid peroxidation and the effect of histidine on antibacterial activity of materials.It is found that cell morphologies of bacteria are damaged and bacterial cells are shrunken.With the increase of cell membrane permeability,the intracellular dissolved matters leak continuously.What's more,the reactive oxygen species are generated and biomacromolecules are oxidized.     

Seed Free Growth of Aligned ZnO Nanowire Arrays on AZO Substrate

In the absence of commonly used seed layer, we can still successfully synthesized aligned ZnO nanowire arrays by the hydrothermal method. By using aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) glass as a substrate, high-density and vertically aligned ZnO nanowires were synthesized directly on the substrate in the absence of the ZnO seed layer. The current-voltage curve indicated that the sample grown on AZO glass substrate in the absence of seed layer possesses better conductivity than that synthesized on FTO glass substrate with ZnO seed layer. Thus, a simplified, seed-free and low-cost experimental protocol was reported here for large-scale production of high quality ZnO nanowire arrays with promoted conductivity.     

高压高温制备Sb掺杂的P型ZnO及电致发光

以ZnO和Sb_2O_3为前驱物,在5GPa、1100~1450℃条件下,制备出电学性能稳定的掺Sb的p型ZnO(记作ZnO:Sb)。其中1450℃掺杂4.6%Sb时合成了性能最好的P型ZnO:Sb,电阻率为1.6×10~(-2)Ωcm,载流子浓度为3.3×10~(20)cm~(-3),迁移率为12.1cm/V s。p型导电是由位于Zn位的Sb和两个Zn空位组成的复合受主引起的。测定了受主能级为113meV,讨论了压力对p型ZnO的形成和电性能的影响。此外,以高质量ZnO纳米线作为LED的发射层,通过将p型ZnO:Sb中的空穴注入ZnO纳米线中实现了激光发射。当注入电流达到20mA时,电致发光(EL)的功率可达到10mW。     

Modeling the open circuit output voltage of piezoelectric nanogenerator

Piezoelectric nanogenerators(NGs)have been developed for converting mechanical energy into electric energy using ZnO,GaN,ZnSnO3,and PZT nanowires.Due to the unique polarity and non-central symmetry of the wurtzite structure,a composite made of using the conical shaped nanowires are used as a simple,cost-effective,and scalable nanogenerator.Based on the finite element methods,the output voltage of the nanogenerator is modeled numerically.The key factors:the spatial location of nanowires,length and dip angle of nanowires,thickness of NG devices,and the physical properties of the polymer inside NGs,which affect the output voltage are studied.The results provide guidance for optimization the output of piezoelectric nanogenerators.     

Antibacterial Activity of Cu~(2+)-ZnO-modified 13X Zeolite against E.coli and S.aureus

A new type of zeolite composite antibacterial agents was prepared by introducing zinc oxide and copper ions into 13 X zeolite through the coprecipitation and ion-exchange methods. The structural properties of the tested antibacterial material were characterized and the antibacterial activity was evaluated. In Cu~(2+)/ZnO-13 X(CZ-13), zinc oxide and copper ions were either embedded in the interlayer space or dispersed on surface of 13 X zeolite. Excellent antimicrobial activity of CZ-13 was observed on Escherichia coli(E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus). In the case of Cu~(2+)/ZnO-13 X, both MIC and MBC against E.coli were 0.2 mg/mL and 0.8 mg/mL. For S.aureus, CZ-13 also showed similar antibacterial properties. The bacterial cells turned from normal rod-shape into irregular shapes after treatment with the tested CZ-13. An increase of the intracellular enzyme activity after CZ-13 addition suggested that the permeability of the cell membrane increased and bacteria were damaged.     

纳米ZnO的可控生长及光致发光性能

为研究准一维纳米氧化锌的生长机理和光致发光性能,以预先氧化处理的锌粉为原料,采用化学气相法,在高温程控管式炉中通过调节温度、调控N2/O2混合气的比例和气体的压强等因素来控制纳米ZnO的形貌和光致发光特性。扫描电子显微镜(SEM)测试显示:合成的ZnO纳米线结构受温度,氧气分压影响较大;XRD衍射图谱显示:该纳米ZnO为六方纤锌矿结构,温度在900℃时最适合晶体纳米结构的生成,随着氧气流量的减少,c轴优势生长愈加明显;光致发光测试显示:其发光特性随着生长过程中温度的升高,氧相对含量的减少,蓝紫光发射减弱、蓝绿光发射明显增强,这种红移现象有力支持了氧空位和锌填隙是引起蓝绿光发射增强的主要原因。     

Structural and optical properties of periodically ordered ZnO nanowires

Periodically ordered ZnO nanowire arrays were fabricated by a combination of soft templates created by electron beam lithography and an electrochemical process. Individual ZnO nanowires were precisely placed in desired locations to form two-dimensional periodic structures with specific patterns. Scanning electron microscopy and light diffraction measurements confirmed the long-range ordered structures in the nanowire arrays. Variable temperature photoluminescence revealed both band edge and defect emissions. The obtained photonic structures may have potential applications in optical and optoelectronic devices.     

纳米ZnO对细菌的抑制作用

研究了纳米ZnO对大肠杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌的抑菌作用。实验结果表明 ,在有光照的情况下 ,纳米ZnO有明显的抑菌作用。当纳米ZnO质量分数在 0 .5 %时 ,对白色枯草芽孢杆菌的生长抑制率达到 88 2 % ;当纳米ZnO含量在 3%时 ,对大肠杆菌的生长抑制率达到了 96%。