Study on activity evaluation of activated coal-gangue and the hydration process

Chemical compositions,mineral compositions and the activated mechanism of the coal-gangue were analyzed. And pozzolana activities of the coal-gangue were evaluated after activated. Moreover,hydration heat and hydration compositions of activated coal-gangue-calcium oxide system,as well as hydration degree and hardened paste microstructures of activated coal-gangue-cement system were studied. Results show that pozzolana activities of the activated coal-gangue root in amorphous SiO2 and activated Al2O3. With the exciting of gypsum,the reaction of activated coal-gangue and Ca(OH)2 would produce hydration products as ettringite,calcium silicate hydrate,and calcium aluminate. The relationship between the curing age and the content of Ca(OH)2 in coal-gangue-cement system was ascertained. Unhydrated particles in the coal-gangue-cement paste were more than that in the neat cement paste at the same hydration periods,and even existed at the later stage of hydration. Furthermore,the activated coal-gangue could inhibit growth and gathering of the calcium oxide crystal,and improve the structure of hardened cement paste.     

Effect of competitive adsorption between sodium tripolyphosphate and naphthalene superplasticizer on fluidity of cement paste

The adsorption amount, ζ-potential of cement particles and fluidity of cement paste were tested to research the competitive adsorption between naphthalene superplasticizer(FDN) and STPP. The experimental results showed that the presence of STPP could significantly improve the fluidity of cement paste and reduce the fluidity loss with FDN. There existed a competitive adsorption between STPP and FDN. STPP and calcium ions formed complexes; they preferentially adsorbed onto surface of cement particles and preempt adsorption points of FDN; and it reduced adsorption amount of FDN. In the absence of STPP, saturation adsorption amount of FDN was 5.93 mg/g; but when the dosage of STPP was 0.1%, it reduced to 4.3 mg/g(about 72.5%). The adsorption amount of FDN was reduced by STPP, but ζ-potential of cement particles enhanced and fluidity of cement paste increased because of strong negative charge effect of the complexes. Adsorption of the complexes would delay Ca2+ into liquid and inhibit formation of active adsorption points. Then, content of FDN in liquid increased with the addition of STPP and ζ-potential of cement particles became stable. In this way, fluidity loss of cement paste reduced.     

Pozzolanic Activity of Burned Coal Gangue and Its Effects on Structure of Cement Mortar

The pozzolanic activity of coal gangue burned at different burning temperatures was investigated. The burned coal gangue was mixed with portland cement in different proportions （ 20% - 60% ）. The pozzolanic activity of coal gangue burned and the hydration products were examined, the compressive strengths of the pastes of the mixtures were tested, and the mechanism of the reaction was discussed. The experimental results slum, that the coal gangue burned at 750 ℃ has the optimum pozzolanic activity, and the burned coal ganguc with SiO2 and Al2 O3 is in an active form. When the coal gangue burned at 750℃ is mixed into portland cement, the content of calcium hydroxide in paste is significantly reduced, while the contents of hydrated calcium silk.ate and hydrated calcium aluminate are increased accordingly, hence resulting in the improvement of the microstructure of mortar. The compressive strength of cement paste decreases with increasing the content of burncd coal gangue. The decease in strength is small in the range of 20% - 30% coal gangue substitution and significant in 30%- 60% substitution.     

Strength of limestone-based non-calcined cement and its properties

A new type of cement was prepared with ground limestone powder, blastfurnace slag, steel slag and gypsum without calcination. The fraction of ground limestone powder in the cement was as high as 40 wt%–60 wt% without Portland clinker. All of its physical properties can meet the requirements of masonry cement standards. The impact of limestone content on physical properties of the cement and determined its impact on law was investigated. The steel slag can excit the aquation activity of this cement effectively, and the influence of its quantity on the strength of the materials was studied, which shows that the optimum quantity of mixing is 10%. By way of changing the different content of the lime stone by quartzy sample, the law of the compression strength and the PH value was determined, confirming that the lime stone can promote the early aquation of the slag and improve the early strength. The main hydration product of this cement is calcium aluminate hydrate, ettringite and calcium silicate hydrate, as indicated by XRD and SEM analysis.     

Improvement of cement strength by induction method

The induction method of improriug the strength of Portland cement by adding fine slag powder,high aluminate component and hydrated poste was imestigated through determining the physical properties, hydration heat and pore size distribution, and its mechanism was discussed. The experimental results reveal that a certain content of high aluminate component,fine slag powder and hydrated paste can improve remarkably the strength of Portland cement.     

Probing development of microstructure of early cement paste using 1H low-field NMR

Development of microstructure of early cement paste (0–6 h) was investigated with ¹H low-field NMR. It was found that T ₂ (transverse relaxation time) distributions of fresh cement paste were bimodal and two peaks were ‘long component’ and ‘short component’. Separation degree of two peaks was a sign of exchange of water within flocculation and outside flocculation. Factors such as water cement ratio, specific surface area and dosage of superplasticizer had influences on the separation degree: the separation degree increased with the water cement ratio; the separation degree of cement paste prepared with cement with a high specific surface area was zero; dosage of superplasticizer will decrease separation degree. Results also suggested that T ₂ distribution gradually moved to the left and T ₂ of long component and initial fluidity were linearly correlated.     

Sr、Cs在碱矿渣-粘土复合水泥水化物粉体中的吸附行为

水泥的水化物对核索离子吸附性能将影响水泥固化体对核索离子固化性能。应用静态吸附法研究碱矿渣一粘土复合水泥（AASCM）水化物粉体对模拟放射性核素Sr、Cs的吸附性能及其影响因素，并和硅酸盐水泥（Pc）、铝酸盐水泥（AC）、矿渣硅酸盐水泥（PSC）、碱矿渣水泥（AASC）进行对比。结果表明，实验条件下，母液浓度提高，AASCM水化物粉体对Sr、Cs的吸附量增大，吸附比减小；温度升高，吸附平衡时间缩短，吸附量和吸附比下降。Cs在AASCM粉体中的吸附在一定的浓度范围内服从Freudlich吸附等温方程；AASCM水化物粉体与Sa^2＋的作用在母液浓度较大时存在吸附和沉淀双重机制，与Cs^＋的作用则主要是吸附机制；AASCM水化物粉体较PC、AC、PSC、AASC具有更强的吸附能力。     

Influence of New Compound Admixture on Shotcrete Performance

To analyze the influence of new compound admixture on shotcrete performance, the ordinary Portland cement pr425 was used as matrix components. The optimum proportion of admixture was obtained by analyzing the influence of content on cement setting time and compressive strength. The microstructure of cement test block and the mechanism of reducing dust of composite macromolecule admixture were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and infrared spectroscopy. It was shown that the ratio of polyacrylic acid was 0.02%. The ratio of J85 accelerator was 5%. The ratio of bentonite was 4.5% in composite admixture. The most optimal content of admixture in the slurry was 7%. The compound coagulant formed by additive together with C_3 A, C_4 AF which provided nucleation for hydration and crystallization of C_3S and C_3S, and played an active role to promote the activity of the mineral admixture in cement, and increased the elastic modulus of C-S-H gel and accelerated the hydration process of portland cement. Bentonite and polyacrylic acid promote the wettability, cohesiveness and workability of cement paste in the process of hydration. The formation of cement test block gel was even. The interface between the matrix phase and the aggregate phase was not obvious which ensured the matching between the matrix and the aggregate phase. The addition of bentonite formed hydrogen bonds in cement paste and improved the cohesiveness of the system. The J-85 accelerator promoted the combination of aluminate and gypsum which hindered the formation of calcium carbide around the cement particles which made cement rapid condensation. Polyacrylic acid mainly changed the strength of hydroxyl absorption peak in cement paste to improve the initial strength of cement test block. The addition of new admixtures promoted the process of cement hydration to be more thorough and affected the later strength development of concrete by affecting the formation of calcium carbonate stone.     

不同黏土对掺减水剂水泥净浆流动度影响

目的 研究4种不同黏土对掺聚羧酸减水剂及萘系减水剂水泥净浆流动度的影响规律并从黏土的吸附性能角度探究其影响机理.方法 采用水泥净浆流动度试验方法比较了4种黏土对掺聚羧酸减水剂水泥净浆流动度的影响,通过TOC总有机碳测试仪测定了4种黏土对聚羧酸减水剂的吸附量.结果 4种黏土对水泥净浆流动度的影响差异较大,其中钙基蒙脱土和钠基蒙脱土的掺量为2％时,掺聚羧酸减水剂水泥净浆已基本没有流动度,掺萘系减水剂的水泥净浆流动度也有所下降,但降幅稍小,而伊利土和高岭土对掺减水剂水泥净浆流动度无明显负面影响;钙基蒙脱土和钠基蒙脱土对聚羧酸减水剂的吸附量较大,伊利土、高岭土对聚羧酸减水剂的吸附能力和水泥相当.结论蒙脱土对掺聚羧酸减水剂水泥净浆流动度负面影响极为严重,而伊利土和高岭土对掺减水剂水泥净浆基本没有负面影响.     

INITIAL BINDING CAPACTIES OF CHLORIDE ION OF COMPONENTS IN HIGH-PERFORMANCE CONCRETE

An investigation is reported on the influence of different components of high performance concrete (HPC) on the initial binding capacities (IBC) of chloride ion. The testing results demonstrate that cement has the largest IBC, and the relative binding ratio is as high as 30% of total ion amount. Among the mineral admixtures, fly ash has the largest IBC of chloride ion. The IBC of silica fume is about 14.4% ,which is smaller than that of fly ash. The IBC of refined ground blast-furnace slag (microslag) is abnormal due to the influence of sulfate ion contained. The addition of superplasticizer and corrosion inhibitor containing calcium nitrite weakens the IBC of mixtures. The fluidity and pore-filling effect of mineral admixtures are studied with paste samples with W/C ratio of 0.3. The influence mechanism of various components in high-performance concrete in IBC is studied further through SEM and Mercury Instrusion Porosimetry tests with paste samples at the age of 3 days.     

Adsorption mechanism of polycarboxylate-based superplasticizer in CFBC ash-Portland cement paste

Circulating fluidized bed combustion （CFBC） ash exhibits the desirable pozzolanic activity which makes it a potential supplementary cementitious material to replace cement for concrete production. However, the high unburnt carbon content and porous surface structure of CFBC ash may adsorb water reducer and thereby significantly reduce the efficiency of water-reducing agents. The adsorption mechanism of polycarboxylate superplasticizer in CFBC ash-Portland cement paste was investigated by ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer, and the conception of ＂invalid adsorption site＂ of CFBC ash was presented. The results show that the adsorption behavior of polycarboxylate superplasticizer in coal ash-Portland cement paste can be described by Langmuir isothermal adsorption equation. The adsorption capacity of CFBC ash-Portland cement paste is higher than that of pulverized coal combustion （PCC） fly ash-Portland cement paste. Moreover, the adsorption amount of polycarboxylate superplasticizer increases with the ratio of ash-to-cement in the paste. At last, the fluidity of CFBC ash-Portland cement paste is lower than that of the PCC fly ash paste. This work suggests that when CFBC ash is used as concrete admixture, the poor flowability of the cementitious system due to the high adsorption of water and water-reducing agent should be taken into consideration.     

石灰石粉铝酸盐水泥复合体系的水化反应

石灰石粉具有水化活性,能与硅酸盐水泥中的C₃A、铝酸盐水泥中的CA、CA₂等铝酸盐矿物发生反应,水化产物为水化碳铝酸钙。利用微量热仪法、胶砂强度和X射线衍射（XRD）,研究不同比例的石灰石粉铝酸盐水泥复合体系的水化反应,结果表明：石灰石粉会加快铝酸盐水泥的水化进程,水化过程诱导期缩短,放热速率峰值下降;复合体系中石灰石粉占比越高,早期水化反应速率越快,但水化反应放热量越低;相对而言,复合体系中石灰石粉掺量为20%时石灰石粉参与反应程度最高,且掺量为20%时石灰石粉对复合体系强度有显著贡献。随复合体系中石灰石粉比例增加,铝酸盐水泥水化产物越来越不明显;石灰石粉掺量为20%~40%时,水化碳铝酸钙XRD特征峰相对最明显,复合体系中石灰石粉与铝酸盐水泥存在一个最佳的比例范围。研究表明,石灰石粉与铝酸盐水泥间会发生明显的水化反应,石灰石粉与铝酸盐水泥复合有望制得一种新型胶凝材料。     

Influence of Thermally Treated Flue Gas Desulfurization （FGD） Gypsum on Performance of the Slag Powder Concrete

The feasibility of flue gas desulphurization （FGD） as concrete admixture was studied. A combined concrete admixture of the thermally-treated FGD gypsum and slag powder was explored. The FGD gypsum was roasted at 200℃ for 60 min and then mixed with the slag powder to form FGD gypsum-slag powder combined admixture in which the SO3 content was 3.5wt%. Cement was partially and equivalently replaced by slag powder alone or FGD gypsum-slag powder, at concentration of 25wt%, 40wt%, and 50wt%, respectively. The setting times, hydration products, total porosity and pore size distributions of the paste were determined. The compressive strength and drying shrinkage of cement mortar and concrete were also tested. The experimental results show that, in the presence of FGD gypsum, the setting times are much slower than those of pastes in the absence of FGD gypsum. The combination of FGD gypsum and slag powder provides synergistic benefits above that of slag powder alone. The addition of FGD gypsum provides benefit by promoting ettringite formation and forms a compact microstructure, increasing the compressive strength and reduces the drying shrinkage of cement mortar and concrete.     

Effect of Fine Steel Slag Powder on the Early Hydration Process of Portland Cement

1 IntroductionSteel slag is the waste residue of fluxing mineralsused in the process of steel producing. Its dischargeamount is about 10 % of the production of steel . Steelslag hasn’t been utilized widely and effectively in a longperiod of time[1]. Hundreds of million tons of steel slagare deposited,andthe amount is still increasing withtensof milliontons every year .The deposited steel slag occu-pies great amounts of farmlands and induces serious en-vironment problems . The main chemical c…     

Optimization of SO<Subscript>3</Subscript> content in blended cementitious materials

Experimental investigation was conducted on the effects of gypsum types and SO₃ content on the fluidity and strengths of different cementitious systems. The experimental results show that influences of gypsum in various cementitious materials are different. For cementitious materials blended with various proportions of slag-fly ash and 5% gypsum content, influences of gypsum and calcined gypsum on the fluidity and flexural/compressive strength are similar. It is revealed that “combination effect” and “synergistic effect” of slag and fly ash play an important role during hydration. For cementitious materials with 45% clinkers, 30% slag, 20% fly ash and 5% limestone, the optimized SO₃ contents in gypsum and calcined gypsum are 3.13% and 3.51% respectively and the optimized gypsum content is 6.5%. While both of them are blended, the optimum ratio of gypsum to calcined gypsum is 40%:60% (total gypsum content 6.5%), correspondingly the optimum ratio of SO₃ is 19.3%:32. 4%. CHEN Mei-zhu : Born in 1974 Funded by Hubei Bureau of Science and Technology of China (981P0202)     

Influence of colloidal nanosilica on hydration kinetics and properties of CaO/CaSO4-activated slag binder

To solve the energy consumption and CO₂ emission during cement production, the new binders must be developed as an alternative to cement. CaO/CaSO₄-activated slag binder is an eco-friendly and safe cementitious material; however, its low strength during initial stages limits its applications. In this study, colloidal nanosilica (CNS) was employed as an additive to improve the strength of CaO/CaSO₄-activated slag binder, and the effects of CNS on the workability, hydration kinetics, hydration products (type, quantity, and polymerization degree), and binder microstructure were thoroughly investigated. A moderate CNS content, through its nucleation effect, significantly increased the hydration rate of the nucleation and crystal growth (NG), phase boundary interaction (I) and diffusion (D) processes, which generated large quantities of calcium aluminosilicate hydrate (C-A-S-H) gel in the initial hydration stage. Meanwhile, the addition of CNS improved the polymerization degree of C-A-S-H gel. This amorphous reactant well-filled the pore space between slag particles and yielded a compact microstructure, consequently enhancing the binder strength. Considering the reduction in fluidity and the increase in production cost, the CNS mass fraction was controlled as ～3%, and the binder reached the satisfactory strengths of 3.87, 24.47, 31.43, and 41.78 MPa at 1, 3, 7, and 28 d, respectively.     

磺化淀粉-聚羧酸复合减水剂的制备与表征

由于保护环境的原因,以天然高分子为原料来合成高效减水剂已经成为混凝土外加剂研究领域的新热点.本文研究了采用磺化糊精取代部分功能大单体来合成复合聚羧酸减水剂的方法.结果显示:当磺化糊精取代功能单体40%、复合聚羧酸减水剂掺量为0.5%时,水泥净浆的初始流动度达255,mm,1,h 后其流动度仍为250,mm.淀粉酸解后,增加亲水的羟基基团导致初期水化缓慢,而增加 Zeta 电位使水泥颗粒更易于分散.在复合减水剂中,长链 Starch 与短链的聚羧酸减水剂主链将被吸附于水泥颗粒表面上,交替发生静电与空间位阻作用,起到了增加减水率和降低缓凝的效果.     

功能调整材料对水泥浆体流动性影响

使用自行研制的H管分别研究了不同功能调整材料对水泥浆体流动性的影响,得到不同种类矿物掺合料和增稠剂对水泥浆体流动性改性规律:粉煤灰掺量的增加引起浆体流动性先增加后减小;矿粉掺量越大,浆体流动性越大;硅灰和增稠剂掺量越大,浆体流动性越差。H管对水泥浆体流动性变化十分敏感,可以准确快速评价不同功能调整材料对水泥浆体流动性影响。     

Effects of CFB Ash on the Adsorption Mechanism of Polycarboxylate Superplasticiser

The effects of circulating fluid bed(CFB) ash on the adsorption performance of polycarboxylate superplasticiser and the mechanism of this influence on the dispersive property of the polycarboxylate superplasticiser were investigated by determing the cement paste fluidity, total organic carbon adsorption, infrared spectroscopic analyses and ζ potential test. The experimental results show that the addition of an inorganic salt into the mixture to change the content of SO_4~(2-)and Fe_2 O_3 can improve the adaptability between the CFB ash and polycarboxylate superplasticiser. Adsorption may occur between the polycarboxylate superplasiciser and Fe_2 O_3, SO_4~(2-)or other components in CFB ash, leading to a significant reduction in paste fluidity. As the content of Na_2 SO_4 in CFB ash reaches 3% or Fe_2 O_3 reaches 9%, the paste loses its liquidity. The organic carbon content in the liquor decreases with an increase in Na2_ SO_4 or Fe_2 O_3 content. Adding some Ba(NO_3)_2 and Na_2 S to the liquor can recover the organic carbon content to a certain extent, and the absolute value of ζ potential will increase. The addition of Ba(-NO_3)_2 or Na_2 S reduces the adsorption property of Na_2 SO_4 or Fe_2 O_3 in CFB ash on the polycarboxylate superplasticiser.     

聚合物-水泥基注浆材料早期流变及水化特性

为制备满足复杂地层加固工程需求的高性能水泥基注浆材料,探究以偏铝酸钠(SA)、聚羧酸(Sp)及高吸水性树脂(SAP)为组分的聚合物体系及其掺量对新拌水泥浆体流变特性与泌水率的影响,并采用水化放热监测与倒置荧光显微技术,对不同体系下水泥浆体早期水化进程及微米级颗粒的悬浮分散形态进行分析.结果表明:新拌水泥浆液流动性和泌水率与SA、SAP掺量呈负相关,随Sp掺量增加而提高. Sp及SAP延缓了水泥早期水化进程,改性样延迟近1 h进入水化诱导期,诱导期内水化放热速率显著降低.在不同掺量SA的促凝效应、Sp的分散效应以及SAP的"水库"作用下,新拌水泥浆液表现为初始及经时流动度大于200 mm的高流态期可分别被控制在10、20、30 min内且析水率小于5%(稳定性浆液),接近临界期时流动度陡降、流变参数突增并迅速凝结的流变特性.结合微观结构观测结果,建立了新拌水泥浆体流变演化模型,揭示多聚合物协调效应下水泥浆体呈现分散-储水-流变-水化的早期流变机制.