橡胶集料自密实混凝土的统计损伤本构关系

为研究橡胶集料对橡胶集料自密实混凝土（RSCC）力学性能的影响,并建立相应的本构预测模型,对RSCC进行了压缩应力-应变试验,试验结果表明：随着橡胶掺量的增加,RSCC的抗压强度降低,变形能力增强,韧性增大。根据RSCC的微元强度服从随机分布的特点,以米塞斯强度准则定义RSCC的微元强度,以对数正态分布表征RSCC的微元强度的分布模型,并考虑模型参数与橡胶掺量的关系,建立了以橡胶掺量为变化因素的RSCC的统计损伤本构关系,拟合效果十分理想,拟合曲线与试验曲线的相关系数随橡胶掺量的增加而增大,最大值为0.9891,该模型形式简单,参数少且计算简便,能够有效体现RSCC在不同橡胶掺量下的韧脆性转化特征。最后研究了RSCC的损伤演化过程,随着应变的增加,RSCC的损伤演化曲线呈S形,单调递增,终值趋近于1,橡胶掺量的增加延缓了RSCC初始损伤的发展;损伤的发展速率随应变的增加先增大后减小,在峰值应变附近达到最大值,橡胶掺量的变化对损伤发展速率的最大值没有影响。     

循环冲击荷载下轴压对花岗岩动力学特性的影响

为研究循环冲击荷载下轴压对花岗岩动态力学特性的影响,利用改进的动静组合式SHPB装置对5种轴压σ_A(0,30,60,90和120 MPa)下的花岗岩试样进行等幅循环冲击.结果表明:在相同的循环冲击荷载下,试样的总循环冲击次数随轴压的增加呈现先增加后减小的趋势,在σ_A=60 MPa时达到最大.5种轴压下的试样都表现为典型Ⅱ型应力-应变曲线.σ_A=0,30,90和120 MPa下试样的平均应变率和峰值应变随着冲击次数的增加而增加,峰值应力和弹性模量趋势相反,σ_A=0和120 MPa试样的力学参数劣化速率较快;σ_A=60 MPa下试样的平均应变率和峰值应变随着冲击次数的增加呈现先减小后增加的趋势,峰值应力和弹性模量则相反,其动力学参数劣化速率较慢.结合静态压缩声发射能量计数可以发现,当轴压超过起裂应力时,轴压对循环冲击荷载下岩石动力学特性的影响由强化向劣化效应转变.     

橡胶集料改性混凝土高温后单轴受压试验研究

对橡胶集料改性混凝土高温后的力学性能进行了试验研究,配置0％、10％和20％三种橡胶掺量,分别进行了常温、300℃、500℃和700℃高温后的单轴受压试验.结果表明:在经历不同高温作用后,橡胶集料混凝土自身结构变得疏松,其峰值应力与受热温度成负相关关系,峰值应变与受热温度呈正相关关系,峰值应力随橡胶的掺入量呈负相关关系.高温后橡胶混凝土的应力-应变曲线更趋于平缓,但轴心抗压强度损失比普通混凝土要严重.     

橡胶混凝土冲击压缩性能的试验研究和数值模拟

采用分离式霍普金森压杆装置对橡胶掺量分别为5%、10%、15%、20%,橡胶粒径为0.18 mm、1.29 mm、2 mm的12组橡胶混凝土试件进行4种应变率下的冲击压缩试验研究,得到了每一组试件在4种应变率下的应力-应变曲线.试验结果表明:随着应变率的增加,橡胶混凝土的峰值应力、动力增长因子也随之增大,橡胶掺量对橡胶混凝土的峰值应力和动力影响因子的影响与应变率一致,掺入的橡胶粒径越大,橡胶混凝土的峰值应力越大但是动力增长因子却呈减小趋势;橡胶掺量在10%左右时,橡胶混凝土能够取得较好的韧性和变形能力.参考试验结果,在经典H-J-C混凝土本构模型的基础上,利用有限元软件ANSYS/LS-DYNA进行数值模拟,得到了橡胶混凝土H-J-C本构模型的材料参数.     

PVA纤维混凝土的动态压缩性能试验研究

为了研究PVA纤维混凝土的动态压缩性能,采用Φ74SHPB(分离式霍普金森压杆)装置对三种体积掺量的PVA纤维混凝土进行不同应变率下的冲击压缩试验,获得了较高应变率下的应力-应变关系。试验结果表明,PVA纤维混凝土是一种应变率敏感材料,在冲击荷载作用下,其破坏应力、峰值应变、峰值韧度等技术指标都随应变率的增加而增大。     

矿物掺合料对自密实混凝土基本性能的影响

为探讨粉煤灰、硅灰掺量对自密实混凝土工作性能和力学性能的影响, 对单掺粉煤灰自密实混凝土和复掺粉煤灰硅灰自密实混凝土进行了工作性能测试、抗压强度和抗折强度试验。结果表明: 粉煤灰和硅灰的掺入可以提高水泥浆体的流动性, 改善自密实混凝土的填充性、间隙通过能力和抗离析性能;3d龄期时,自密实混凝土的抗压强度和抗折强度随粉煤灰掺量增大均呈逐渐下降的趋势; 28d龄期时,自密实混凝土抗压强度和抗折强度随粉煤灰掺量增大均呈先增后减的趋势; 粉煤灰掺量为30%、硅灰掺量为4%时, 复掺粉煤灰硅灰自密实混凝土工作性能达到最优, 复掺粉煤灰硅灰自密实混凝土28d 龄期抗压强度和抗折强度达到峰值55.60 和8.08 MPa, 并建立了自密实混凝土抗折强度和抗压强度之间的线性回归关系模型为fcf =8.9507+0. 3078fcu 。     

PP单丝纤维自密实混凝土强度与抗渗性能

采用力学试验、渗水标号试验、渗水高度试验和氯离子渗透试验研究了聚丙烯(PP)单丝纤维自密实混凝土强度、抗渗性能,通过扫描电镜观察了纤维自密实混凝土的微观结构,从材料的组成结构和断裂力学原理上分析了PP单丝纤维对自密实混凝土强度以及抗渗性能的影响机理。结果表明： 当PP单丝纤维自密实混凝土体积掺量不超过0.15%时,PP纤维自密实混凝土具有较好的抗渗性能,渗水标号大于S 35;PP单丝纤维体积掺量不超过0.1%时,自密实混凝土的强度和抗水渗性能随着纤维体积掺量的增加而提高,电通量有所增加,而当体积掺量超过0.15%后,强度仍然有增长,电通量急剧增加;与普通自密实混凝土相比,0.10%单丝PP纤维自密实混凝土具有较好的强度特性和抗渗性能,28 d弯拉强度提高16.4%,28 d劈裂强度提高13.4%,56 d氯离子渗透电通量为919 C,渗水高度减少57%。     

纤维增强自密实轻骨料混凝土早期抗裂性能试验

通过应力诱导平板开裂试验,研究不同掺量剑麻纤维、耐碱玻璃纤维及两者1∶1混杂纤维增强自密实轻骨料混凝土早期抗裂性能.结果表明:3种掺入方式均能有效抑制自密实轻骨料混凝土裂缝的产生与扩展,随着纤维掺量的增加,早期抗裂性能逐渐提升,当掺量达到2.0 kg/m3时,可视裂缝基本消失.混杂纤维协同工作产生的阻裂效果优于单掺情况,综合考虑自密实轻骨料混凝土的力学、工作性能和早期抗裂性能,得出混杂纤维的适宜掺量为1.0 kg/m3.     

纤维素纤维及混杂纤维混凝土的抗弯冲击性能

为了研究不同纤维对混凝土冲击性能的影响,对天然纤维素纤维、钢纤维及混杂纤维混凝土的抗弯冲击性能进行了系统的试验研究;采用数理统计方法对其初裂冲击次数及破坏冲击次数进行了分析.试验结果表明:纤维素纤维对改善混凝土的初裂冲击性能效果显著,而钢纤维对改善带裂缝混凝土结构的冲击性能效果良好.纤维素纤维掺量为1.2kg/m~3时,纤维混凝土的初裂冲击次数与钢纤维掺量为64kg/m~3时相当,比素混凝土提高了2.4倍;掺量为78 kg/m~3的钢纤维和掺量为1.0 kg/m~3的纤维素纤维混掺时,混掺纤维混凝土的破坏冲击次数是素混凝土的8.1倍.纤维素纤维与钢纤维混杂使用时,可充分发挥各种纤维的优势,显著改善混凝土的抗弯冲击性能。     

钢管自密实轻骨料混凝土柱轴压性能试验研究

为了研究以免烧结粉煤灰陶粒作为骨料的钢管自密实轻骨料混凝土柱的轴压性能,首先,进行了自密实轻骨料混凝土配合比设计研究,比选出最优水胶比、陶粒掺量和粉煤灰掺量;然后,考虑含钢率、长细比等参数影响,设计了7个钢管自密实轻骨料混凝土柱试件和3个钢管自密实混凝土柱对比试件进行轴压试验研究.结果表明:钢管自密实混凝土柱的轴心受压承载力高于钢管自密实轻骨料混凝土柱;所有试件均为延性破坏,但内部混凝土破坏形态因套箍系数和长细比的不同分为弯曲破坏、强度破坏和剪切破坏;钢管在峰值荷载前进入屈服,钢管的约束使混凝土平均应变远大于峰值应变,变形性能得到显著提高.最后,基于极限平衡理论建立了轴压承载力计算方法,计算结果与试验结果吻合良好.     

Dynamic mechanical behaviour of ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concretes

Ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concretes （UHPFRC） were prepared by replacing 60% of cement with ultra-fine industrial waste powder. The dynamic mechanical behaviour of UHPFRC with different fiber volume fraction was researched on repeated compressive impact in four kinds of impact modes through split Hopkinson pressure bar （SHPB）. The experimental results show that the peak stress and elastic modulus decrease and the strain rate and peak strain increase gradually with the increasing of impact times. The initial material damage increases and the peak stress of the specimen decreases from the second impact with the increasing of the initial incident wave. Standard strength on repeated impact is defined to compare the ability of resistance against repeated impact among different materials. The rate of reduction of standard strength is decreased by fiber reinforcement under repeated impact. The material damage is reduced and the ability of repeated impact resistance of UHPFRC is improved with the increasing of fiber volume fraction.     

Single and multiple dynamic impacts behaviour of ultra-high performance cementitious composite

Single and multiple dynamic impacts tests were conducted on ultra-high performance cementitious composite (UHPCC) with various volume fractions of steel fibers (0, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%) by using the split hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB). Besides, the ultrasonic velocity method was used to test the damage on specimens caused by dynamic impacts. For single dynamic impact, the data suggest that UHPCC obviously presents dynamic strength enhancement. With increasing of strain rate, the peak stress and peak strain increase rapidly. For multiple dynamic impacts, the results show that addition of steel fibers can obviously enhance the properties of UHPCC to resist the repeated dynamic impacts. Firstly, the number of impacts sharply increases with the increasing of volume fraction of steel fibers. Secondly, the energy absorption ability linearly increases with addition of steel fibers. Thirdly, the steel fibers can prevent the disruption phenomenon and maintain the integrity of specimen.     

自密实钢筋混凝土梁阻尼比的试验研究

对15根自密实钢筋混凝土简支梁进行了动态测试实验,实验结果表明：随着自密实混凝土强度的提高,其阻尼比降低;随着自密实混凝土梁的固有频率的增大,其阻尼比减小;随着自密实混凝土梁配筋率的提高,第一阶固有频率下的阻尼比降低;各自密实钢筋混凝土试验梁的阻尼比基本介于0.5%-1.0%之间.     

自密实混凝土框架节点抗震性能研究

目的分析自密实混凝土框架节点在不同轴压比、配箍率情况下的抗震性能,为制定自密实混凝土框架节点抗震设计规程提供依据．方法采用低周反复循环加载的方法,进行了5个不同构造的自密实混凝土框架中间层中节点和一个普通混凝土框架中间层中节点的试验,获得梁外端竖向荷载与梁端挠度的P-△滞回曲线．结果分析了自密实混凝土框架节点的滞回规律,得到了框架节点的延性、耗能、强度及刚度退化的规律,适当增加配箍率和轴压比可提高自密实混凝土框架节点的承载力．结论自密实混凝土节点的破坏过程与普通混凝土节点相似;适当增加轴压比与体积配箍率对自密实混凝土框架节点的延性、耗能、强度及刚度退化等性能有利;自密实混凝土框架节点抗震性能比普通混凝土框架节点差．     

Long term behavior of self-compacting reinforced concrete beams

Tests were carried out on 8 self-compacting reinforced concrete（SCC） beams and 4 normal reinforced concrete beams. The effects of mode of consolidation,load level,reinforcing ratio and structural type on long term behavior of SCC were investigated. Under the same environmental conditions,the shrinkage—time curve of self-compacting concrete beam is very similar to that of normal concrete beam. For both self-compacting reinforced concrete beams and normal reinforced concrete beams,the rate of shrinkage at early stages is higher,the shrinkage strain at 2 months is about 60% of the maximum value at one year. The shrinkage strain of self-compacting reinforced concrete beam after one year is about 450×10^-6. Creep deflection of self-compacting reinforced concrete beam decreases as the tensile reinforcing ratio increases. The deflection creep coefficient of self-compacting reinforced concrete beam after one and a half year is about 1.6,which is very close to that of normal reinforced concrete beams cast with vibration. Extra cautions considering shrinkage and creep behavior are not needed for the use of SCC in engineering practices.     

增幅冲击下钢筋混凝土板的抗冲击性能

钢筋混凝土板在服役期间可能承受落物多角度连续撞击等多次冲击荷载作用,钢筋混凝土板抵抗多次冲击的能力、多次冲击作用下钢筋混凝土板的性能演化和剩余性能评估等问题至关重要,其中,多次冲击的加载制度是研究钢筋混凝土板抗冲击性能的重点。为研究多次冲击下钢筋混凝土板的抗冲击性能,利用落锤和摆锤试验研究钢筋混凝土板在增幅冲击下的抗冲击性能,获得钢筋混凝土板在历次冲击过程中的冲击力时程曲线以及历次冲击后的整体变形和凹陷变形特征,分析钢筋混凝土板的吸能特性和累计损伤演化规律,研究钢筋混凝土板受冲击后的残余性能。结果表明：冲击角度对钢筋混凝土板的变形有显著影响,斜向冲击对钢筋混凝土板安全性能的影响更大;增幅冲击降低钢筋混凝土板的吸能能力,提高其破坏率,钢筋混凝土板的冲击响应相对于恒重重复冲击更加稳定。     

Single and Multiple Dynamic Impacts Behaviour of Ultra-high Performance Cementitious Composite

Single and multiple dynamic impacts tests were conducted on ultra-high performance cementitious composite (UHPCC) with various volume fractions of steel fibers (0, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%) by using the split hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB). Besides, the ultrasonic velocity method was used to test the damage on specimens caused by dynamic impacts. For single dynamic impact, the data suggest that UHPCC obviously presents dynamic strength enhancement. With increasing of strain rate, the peak stress and peak strain increa...     

自密实混凝土配合比试验

自密实混凝土具有高流动性与高抗分离性,无需振捣而自密实,但其配合比设计不同于普通混凝土.根据自密实混凝土配制原理,通过优选原材料,并对胶凝材料、外加剂、掺合材料等主要影响因素进行分析,运用固定砂石体积含量法优化确定了自密实混凝土的配合比设计,配置了C50混凝土,满足了工程需要.     

玄武岩纤维改性HSCC柱偏心受压试验研究

为研究玄武岩纤维的加入对高强自密实混凝土长柱受力性能的改善作用,以玄武岩纤维体积掺量0.1%和0.2%、长度15 mm和30 mm为参数,设计制作了10个长细比为6的高强自密实混凝土长柱,进行偏心受压试验。结果表明：玄武岩纤维的加入,可明显改善高强自密实混凝土柱偏心受压的受力性能、延性;大、小偏心受压构件开裂荷载分别提升20.7%、11.8%,极限承载力最大增幅为18.2%、16.7%;大、小偏心构件受压过程中,玄武岩纤维的加入使应力峰值对应的混凝土应变受到较为显著的影响,当达到大极限承载力时,最大的拉、压应变下降25.0%、15.0%;由于玄武岩纤维的作用,大偏心受压试件达到极限承载力时,跨中最大挠度提升7.6%,提高了构件变形能力,但纤维长度、体积掺量改变引起的挠度效应不大。     

Experimental investigation of rigid confinement effects of radial strain on dynamic mechanical properties and failure modes of concrete

In this study, to confirm the effect of confining pressure on dynamic mechanical behavior and failure modes of concrete, a split Hopkinson pressure bar dynamic loading device was utilized to perform dynamic compressive experiments under confined and unconfined conditions. The confining pressure was achieved by applying a lateral metal sleeve on the testing specimen which was loaded in the axial direction. The experimental results prove that dynamic peak axial stress, dynamic peak lateral stress,and peak axial strain of concrete are strongly sensitive to the strain rate under confined conditions.Moreover, the failure patterns are significantly affected by the stress-loading rate and confining pressure.Concrete shows stronger strain rate effects under an unconfined condition than that under a confined condition. More cracks are created in concrete subjected to uniaxial dynamic compression at a higher strain rate, which can be explained by a thermal-activated mechanism. By contrast, crack generation is prevented by confinement. Fitting formulas of the dynamic peak stress and dynamic peak axial strain are established by considering strain rate effects(50–250 s~(-1)) as well as the dynamic confining increase factor(DIFc).