油酸钠浮选高岭石的溶液化学机理研究

通过单矿物浮选实验、浮选溶液化学计算、Zeta电位测试和红外光谱分析研究了油酸钠对高岭石浮选行为的影响以及溶液化学作用机理,旨在为阴离子捕收剂高效浮选高岭石以及铝土矿正浮选提供理论指导.通过高岭石溶解组分的浓度对数图(lg c-pH)理论推算出高岭石零电点PZC=4.52,较Zeta电位所测值(PZC=3.9)偏高,与文献利用AFM所测的高岭石PZC=4～5一致.通过油酸钠溶液各组分的浓度对数图(lg c-pH)可知,形成最大浓度离子-分子缔合物的pH值为8.44,其与最佳浮选pH一致,此时高岭石表面Zeta电位负移也最显著,说明离子-分子缔合物的浮选活性最大.加入阴离子捕收剂油酸钠后高岭石表面Zeta电位整体向负移,说明油酸钠通过非静电力吸附在高岭石表面.结合红外光谱测试结果推断油酸钠与高岭石可能发生化学吸附.     

MES的合成及其磷矿浮选性能评价

以油酸为原料,经酯化、磺化及中和处理制得了脂肪酸甲酯磺酸钠(MES).通过考查捕收剂、抑制剂和调整剂用量对其浮选性能的影响,表明其用作磷矿捕收剂的浮选性能与油酸钠基本相当,不同的是其选择性更好,抗硬水能力更强,因此可以减少浮选所需的水玻璃和碳酸钠用量.但其捕收能力相对较弱,所需用量较大,浮选泡沫量较多.会对磷矿浮选产生不利影响.     

改性脂肪酸的物化性质及浮选性能研究

以油酸和改性油酸为胶磷矿捕收剂,研究了改性前、后油酸的物化性能及浮选特性。物化性能研究结果表明:改性后油酸因引入过氧羟基,酸值和临界胶团溶度均增大,溶解分散性提高;碘值不变,分子中CC双键没有遭到破坏。浮选试验结果表明,改性油酸耐低温性有了显著改善,温度由55℃降低到15℃,磷精矿品位和回收率仅分别降低1.48%和2.98%,可实现常温正浮选;改性油酸的捕收性和选择性明显提高,精矿产率相同时,捕收剂用量减少45.86%,精矿品位相同时,回收率提升值为5%~8%。浮选动力学研究表明:改性油酸的浮选速度常数和最大回收率分别提高了29.45%和8.17%,具有更快的浮选速率和对磷灰石更好的回收效果。     

增效剂Tween 80实现磷矿常温浮选机理研究

研究采用非离子型表面活性剂Tween80(简写成Tw80)作为油酸浮选的增效剂,进行了磷灰石—石英人工混合矿分离实验。当Tw80为油酸用量的10％时,在低温(10℃)条件下可提高回收率30％左右,达到常温单独使用油酸浮磷相同的浮选效果。通过对溶液化学和磷灰石表面吸附的研究查明,作为增效剂的Tw80,物理吸附于矿物表面,促进了油酸钙的化学吸附。     

酸对捕收剂在胶磷矿和白云石表面吸附的影响

浮选过程中抑制剂会使矿物表面亲水,还可能与捕收剂存在竞争吸附. 硫酸和磷酸是钙（镁）质磷矿石反浮选工艺常用的抑制剂. 通过单矿物和人工混合矿浮选试验及吸附量测定,研究了胶磷矿 - 白云石反浮选体系中,抑制剂硫酸或磷酸浓度对捕收剂 GJBW 在矿物表面吸附量的影响. 结果表明,酸浓度对矿物上浮率影响较大,但对捕收剂在胶磷矿和白云石表面吸附量影响均较小,说明该体系中抑制剂和捕收剂在矿物表面不是竞争吸附而是共同吸附,综合决定表面亲/疏水性,进而影响其上浮率. 于是建立了两者在矿物表面共同吸附的双电层模型,其中不溶油酸分子（HOl）作为主要捕收剂组分在白云石 - 水界面起主导作用使表面疏水,而胶磷矿酸溶释放出的或磷酸电离出的 H ₂ PO ₄ ^- 做为主要抑制组分在胶磷矿 - 水界面起主导作用使表面亲水.     

细粒黑钨矿絮团浮选的研究

本文以聚丙烯酸为絮凝剂、油酸钠为捕收剂,进行了细粒黑钨矿(-20μ)絮团浮选的研究。系统地研究了细粒黑钨矿的絮团浮选行为,进行了细粒黑钨矿与石英的絮团浮选分离,研究了金属离子(Mn~(2+)、Fe~(2+))对黑钨矿絮团浮选的影响,通过(?)电位、红外光谱和捕收剂吸附量的测定,揭示了聚丙烯酸与油酸钠在黑钨矿表面的吸附机理及其相互作用;通过絮团粒度及结构分析讨论了在絮团浮选中聚合物与捕收剂所产生的联合团聚效应;进行了黑钨矿絮团浮选动力学研究;探讨了细粒黑钨矿的絮团浮选机理.并根据聚合物与捕收剂的联合选择性团聚作用,提出了一种新的絮团浮选工艺——CPC絮团浮选.     

油酸钠浮选菱锰矿的溶液化学机理研究

通过单矿物浮选试验、油酸钠的溶液化学计算、菱锰矿的溶解度计算以及油酸根离子和Mn2+反应的标准吉布斯自由能计算,系统分析了水溶液中油酸钠对菱锰矿的浮选行为以及溶液化学作用机理。浮选结果显示,当油酸钠浓度为2×10-4 mol/L时,在较宽的pH范围之内菱锰矿的可浮性都很好;油酸钠的溶液化学计算表明了油酸根离子是油酸钠浮选菱锰矿的主要活性组分,矿物的溶解度计算说明了高碱条件下油酸钠和菱锰矿之间可能存在非静电力作用。最后通过热力学计算证明了溶液中的油酸根离子容易与Mn2+发生化学反应生成油酸锰沉淀。菱锰矿实际矿石浮选实验则表明,一粗二扫三精的开路流程可以得到含锰品位为16.10%、锰回收率(包括中矿)为81.01%的锰精矿。     

油酸钠在菱镁矿浮选中作用的研究

本文论述了油酸钠作浮选捕收剂时,菱镁矿和白云石的可浮性以及油酸钠在矿物表面的吸附机理。研究结果表明,矿浆中的油酸离子一分子缔合物是导致菱镁矿浮游的主要药剂组分。在中性和碱性矿浆中,油酸钠在菱镁矿表面主要是化学吸附,表面生成物是Mg(Ol)_2和Mg(Ol)_2 ·Hol。     

白钨矿捕收剂的温度响应机制研究

为探究不同白钨矿捕收剂对环境温度的响应差异和机制.采用单矿物浮选试验,系统研究了油酸钠和3种羟肟酸浮选白钨矿的温度响应规律,并通过接触角试验、表面张力测量、流变学研究、浊度试验、Zeta电位测试以及吸附量试验,揭示了温度对捕收剂性能影响的内在机制.结果表明：随着浮选温度的降低,所有捕收剂的捕收能力均有所减弱,其中油酸钠受温度影响更为显著.温度降低导致捕收剂表面张力增加、矿浆黏度增大、药剂溶解性变差.这些因素共同作用,使得捕收剂分子与矿粒的碰撞概率下降,药剂在矿粒表面的吸附量减少,最终导致作用于白钨矿颗粒表面的药剂分子数量减少,降低了矿粒表面的疏水性,严重恶化了浮选效果.     

磷矿反浮选捕收剂的评价方法

磷矿反浮选捕收剂大多数是由天然脂肪酸制成的,种类繁多,性能各异.从市场快速、准确地选择磷矿反浮选捕收剂,对浮选实践和浮选研究十分重要.浮选捕收剂的评价有助于掌握捕收剂的浮选性能,了解其在浮选过程中的作用.浮选法是浮选捕收剂的传统评价方法,程序复杂,耗时耗力.提出了一种新的浮选研究方法:燃烧-吸附量评价法,通过燃烧无机的矿石样品来测定其表面吸附的有机捕收剂量,评价磷矿反浮选捕收剂的性能.通过对油酸、硬脂酸和软脂酸这些结构明确且浮选工作者熟悉的脂肪酸的浮选性能和在白云石上的吸附量,建立了一个评价模型,验证燃烧-吸附量评价法的可行性.     

Comparative studies on phosphate ore flotation collectors prepared by hogwash oil from different regions

In order to compare the differences between variations of phosphate ore flotation collectors prepared by hogwash oils, JZQ-F collectors were prepared by the hydrolysis method using four types of hogwash oils from different regions in China. The components of the hogwash oils were determined using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FIIR) spectra analysis, while the components of the JZQ-F were determined through gas chromatography–mass spectrometry(GC–MS). The flotation effects of the JZQ-F collectors were investigated by flotation experiments and the adsorption characteristics were determined through the quartz crystal microbalance(QCM-D). Results show that the JZQ-F collector from the Ordos area has 27.43% unsaturated fatty acids. JZQ-F collectors from Beijing, Qingdao, and Dongguan areas contain over 62% of unsaturated fatty acids, which can acquire phosphorous concentrates with a the grade of P_2O_5 above 31.96% and the recovery higher than 91.52%. These three collectors have a larger adsorption capacity, faster adsorption rate, and stronger adsorption structure on apatite surface, which contributed to a good adsorption performance and a favorable flotation effect.     

改性脂肪酸对磷矿的浮选

改性脂肪酸XF-1是一种新型的磷矿捕收剂.为了考察XF-1对磷矿的浮选效果,选取XF-1、磺化油酸钠及油酸钠为捕收剂对宜化磷矿进行浮选,动电位及单矿物吸咐对比分析表明,在捕收剂用量为1.5kg/t,浮选温度为30℃时,XF-1、磺化油酸钠和油酸钠将五氧化二磷品位为21%的粗磷矿分别提升到27%、23.6%、22.1%,磷回收率分别为85%、75.4%、74.8%;在低温15~25℃时,XF-1浮选获得磷矿品位和磷回收率明显高于磺化油酸钠和油酸钠.采用粗选与精选相结合的闭路浮选工艺,捕收剂XF-1选别出品位为30%、磷回收率为90%的磷精矿,且精矿氧化镁含量只有1.4%.XF-1所表现出的亲和力和吸附力优于磺化油酸钠和油酸钠,XF-1具有良好的捕收性能.     

Flotation and adsorption of quaternary ammonium salts collectors on kaolinite of different particle size

The flotation behaviors of decyltrimethylammonium (103C), dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride (DTAC), tetradecyltrimethylammonium chloride (TTAC) and cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC) on kaolinite of different particle size fraction were studied. The adsorbed amount and adsorption isotherms of collectors on kaolinite were determined for painstaking investigation into the adsorption of quaternary amines at kaolinite–water interface by ultraviolet spectrophotometer methods. The flotation results show that the flotation recovery of kaolinite of different particle fraction increases with an increase in pH when 103C, DTAC, TTAC and CTAC are used as collectors. As the concentration of collectors increases, the flotation recovery increases. Particle size of kaolinite has a strong effect on flotation. The flotation recovery of fine kaolinite decreases with the carbon chain of quaternary ammonium salts collectors increasing, while coarse kaolinite is on the contrary. The adsorbed amount tests and adsorption isotherms show that adsorbed amount increases when the particle size of kaolinite increases or when the carbon chain length of quaternary ammonium salts increases. Within the range of flotation collector concentration, the longer the hydrocarbon chain, the more probable to be absolutely adsorbed by fine kaolinite particles and then the lower the collector concentration in the bulk, which leds to lower flotation recovery.     

红柱石浮选特性及捕收剂作用机理研究

作者选用了七种捕收剂在单泡管中和浮选机中研究了红柱石的浮选特性。研究结果表明,油酸钠是红柱石的最佳捕收剂。同时采用红外光谱和紫外光谱法研究了油酸钠在红柱石表面的吸附产物,从而对油酸钠与红柱石表面的作用机理提出了自己的观点。     

STUDY ON BONDING MECHANISM BETWEEN SILLIMANITE AND COLLECTORS BY QUANTUM CHEMISTRY CALCULATION

ＳＴＵＤＹＯＮＢＯＮＤＩＮＧＭＥＣＨＡＮＩＳＭＢＥＴＷＥＥＮＳＩＬＬＩＭＡＮＩＴＥＡＮＤＣＯＬＬＥＣＴＯＲＳＢＹＱＵＡＮＴＵＭＣＨＥＭＩＳＴＲＹＣＡＬＣＵＬＡＴＩＯＮＤｏｎｇＨｏｎｇｊｕｎ；ＣｈｅｎＪｉｎ（ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＭｉｎｅｒａｌＥｎｇ...     

Depressing effect of sodium hexametaphosphate on apatite in flotation of rutile

The separation of rutile from apatite by flotation and the mechanism of depressing the apatite of sodium hexametaphosphate were studied. The results showed that rutile and apatite could be separated by using alkyl-imino-bismethylene phosphoric acid and sodium hexametaphosphate as a collector and a regulator, respectively. Sodium hexametaphosphate could selectively dissolve calcium ions on the apatite surface, and make calcium ions break away from lattice binding through combining.     

几种常用捕收剂与红柱石作用机理的量子化学研究

运用量子化学中RHF（Hartree-Fock-Roothaan）方法,利用STO-3G基组,研究红柱石晶体中各离子电荷分布及4种捕收剂与红柱石作用的键级与能量变化。经对红柱石与捕收剂成键机理分析表明,十二烷基磺酸钠为化学吸附,十二胺为物理吸附,油酸钠和羟肟酸为物理吸附与化学吸附共存。4种捕收剂按捕收能力从强到弱的排序为：十二烷基磺酸钠〉十二胺〉羟肟酸〉油酸钠。该排序结果与浮选试验结果一致。     

Flotation of niobite, fersmite, and ilmenorutile

The flotation of niobite, fersmite, and ilmenorutile was studied using 3 collectors with various concentration and pulp pH. The collecting property of different representative collectors was investigated. Experimental results show that diphosphonic acid is an effective collector for valuable niobium-containing minerals. A flotation recovery of 90.87%-91.7% is obtained with 75 mg/L diphosphonic acid at pH 2-4. The chemical adsorption of diphosphonic acid on these 3 minerals’ surface might lead to the high re...     

Froth flotation of scheelite – A review

Froth flotation of scheelite has regained new focus since the 2010s and research regarding floatability and reagents has made great progress over the years. The main objective was and remains the selective flotation of scheelite from other calcium-bearing minerals, in particular calcite, fluorite and apatite. Due to similar properties, most attempts have limited success or only specific application(linked to a type of ore or a location). This article aims at reviewing all general physical-chemical information on froth flotation of scheelite, including electrokinetic properties, influence of p H and already existing reagents as well as ones still under examination. It appears that chelating or mixed collectors and modified versions of sodium silicate and quebracho hold great promise for scheelite flotation, while the use of said depressants and/or promoters seems inevitable.