V_2O_5干凝胶薄膜电极的储钠性能

以V_2O_5溶胶为电解液,采用电沉积法在不锈钢基体上制备了V_2O_5薄膜。采用场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)分析了薄膜的表面形貌和晶体结构;用循环伏安(CV)、电化学交流阻抗(EIS)和充放电测试研究了该薄膜作为钠离子电池正极材料的储钠性能。结果表明,该薄膜是具有片状纳米结构的V_2O_5干凝胶薄膜;作为钠离子电池正极,该薄膜表现出很好的储钠活性、优异的循环稳定性和高Na+扩散能力,是一种非常有应用前景的钠离子电池正极材料。     

In Situ Growth of Vanadium Oxide on Reduced Graphene Oxide for the Low-Temperature NO-SCR by NH_3

The vanadium oxide/reduced graphene oxide(V_2 O_5/rGO) composite catalyst which determined the selective catalytic reduction activity(SCR) of NO with NH_3 was prepared by a simple solvothermal method. The physicochemical properties of the catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD), scanning electron microscopy(SEM), Raman, X-ray energy spectrometer(XPS) and N_2 sorption isotherm measurement(BET). Results of NH_3-SCR showed that the NO conversion of V_2 O_5/rGO catalyst could reach 54.3% at 100 ℃. And the removal of NO increased to 74.6% when the temperature was up to 220 ℃. By characterizing the microstructure and morphology of the V_2 O_5/rGO catalysts prepared by in-situ growth and mechanical mixing methods, it was further shown that V_2 O_5 nanoparticles were highly dispersed and in situ growth on the rGO surface. Based on X-ray energy spectrometer, V_2 O_5/r GO catalyst had good low temperature denitrification performance due to the chemical adsorption oxygen and low-valent vanadium oxide contained in V_2 O_5/rGO catalyst, which was beneficial to the redox reaction between V_2 O_5 and graphene.     

钒基催化剂中V价态的电化学方法测定

在电解液pH=1.0、扫描电压-0.6～0.9 V、灵敏度1 mA、扫描速率0.05 V/s的条件下,用循环伏安法测得V_2O_5、VO_2及V_2O_3的CV曲线,以出现的还原电位作为标准参数,对比钒基催化剂在CV曲线中的还原电位。测试结果表明:MgV_2O_4和V-Mg/β催化剂中的V以V~(3+)存在,丙烷-氧处理后的V-Mg/β催化剂中V~(3+)活性减弱,出现了V~(5+)的还原峰,表明丙烷-氧处理过程中部分V~(3+)转化为V~(5+)。     

Ni掺杂及NiO复合V_2O_5纳米粉体光催化性能的研究

采用Sol-gel法,以偏钒酸铵、尿素、乙酰丙酮、硝酸镍、氨水和去离子水等为原料,制备Ni掺杂的V_2O_5纳米粉体以及Ni O/V_2O_5复合纳米粉体,利用XRD研究2种制备方法对V_2O_5结构的影响,并研究不同的制备方法获得的纳米粉体对光催化降解甲基橙性能的影响。结果表明:方法 1制备的Ni掺杂V_2O_5纳米粉体晶粒尺寸增大,当掺杂浓度为4%时,光催化降解率达到51%;方法 2制备的Ni O/V_2O_5复合纳米粉体时,Ni O抑制了V_2O_5纳米粉体晶粒尺寸的长大,且未出现Ni O及V_2O_5以外的其他杂相,当掺杂浓度为4%时,光催化效率达到68.21%。     

间、对二甲苯氨氧化催化剂研究

本文报导了硅胶载体结构的改进和添加SnO_2、P_2O_5、B_2O_3等组分提高催化剂活性及选择性的方法。评选出二腈收率高、生产能力大的V_2O_5-CrO_3系催化剂。     

MgCr_2O_4—V_2O_5湿敏陶瓷的成分、组织和性能的研究

本文对MgCr_2O_4—V_2O_5湿敏陶瓷的成分和湿度——电阻特性进行了摸索,发现V_2O_5mol％含量在2～4.5％时,其低湿度区阻值<10~8Ωcm,且具有线性度较高的湿度——电阻特性。X射线衍射及扫描电子显微镜分析证实Mg-Cr_2O_4—V_2O_5陶瓷呈微孔性的尖晶石结构。为进一步深入研究打下了良好的基础。     

等离子体协同V_2O_5-WO_3/TiO_2催化降解恶臭气体的试验研究

针对恶臭气体污染问题,以甲硫醚(DMS)为对象,研究介质阻挡放电等离子体协同V_2O5-WO_3/TiO_2催化剂对恶臭气体降解的影响规律.考察不同参数(能量密度、气体流量、体积分数)对甲硫醚降解效果的影响及副产物生成规律.结果表明,V_2O_5-WO_3/TiO_2催化剂对甲硫醚的降解有明显的促进作用.随着V_2O_5质量分数的增加,催化剂比表面积减小,氧化还原性提升.甲硫醚降解效率和能量效率随V_2O_5质量分数的增加而增加.当V_2O_5质量分数为0.6%,能量密度为788.4J/L时,甲硫醚降解效率为91.6%,甲硫醚降解的能量效率为6.54g/(kW·h).甲硫醚初始体积分数越高,气体体积流量越大,降解效率越低.     

Mn掺杂V_6O_(13)正极材料的合成及电化学性能的研究

通过水热合成的方法,在合成V_6O_(13)的过程中加入适量的MnSO_4,以达到在V_6O_(13)中掺杂Mn离子来改性的目的。通过各种表征手段分析不同掺杂量对样品的物相、前驱体的形貌、Mn离子的掺杂率以及对样品的官能团的影响。对不同样品的充放电循环测试后发现,当Mn/V比为1/50时可以提高锂离子电池的容量保存率。循环伏安曲线结果表明Mn离子的掺入可以降低锂离子脱嵌所造成的V_6O_(13)结构的破化程度,从而提高锂离子电池的电化学性能。     

Ba_(0.8)Mg_(0.2)V_2O_6陶瓷微波介电性能研究

采用传统固相反应法制备Ba_(0.8)Mg_(0.2)V_2O_6陶瓷,研究部分Mg~(2+)离子取代Ba~(2+)离子对Ba_(0.8)Mg_(0.2)V_2O_6陶瓷烧结特性、晶体结构、显微组织和微波介电性能的影响。采用XRD、SEM及矢量网络分析仪对其晶体结构、显微组织和微波介电性能进行表征。XRD结果显示样品主相为正交结构BaV_2O_6相。微波介电性能实验结果表明,随着烧结温度升高,样品ε_r和Q×f值均先增加后降低;部分Mg~(2+)离子取代Ba~(2+)离子能有效调节BaV_2O_6基陶瓷τf值。当500℃、5h烧结Ba_(0.8)Mg_(0.2)V_2O_6时,具有最佳微波介电性能。     

THE NANOCOMPOSITE FILM OF POLYMER INTERCALATION IN V_2O_5 XEROGEL

The nanocomposite films were prepared by poly(ethylene oxide), PEO, intercalation in V_2O_5 xerogel in sol-gel. The synthesis and state of the films are in vestigated by the XRD, IR, SEM, etc. The results show that V_2O_5 xerogel is a layered structure which arranges in c-direction. The interlayer distance of V_2O_5 xerogel increases remarkably when PEO is intercalated in V_2O_5 xero gel interlayer. PEO has strong interaction with V_2O_5 host. The surface of the films is homogeneous without holes and cracks.     

中温烧结Mg_4Nb_2O_9-CaTiO_3陶瓷相结构的研究

采用传统固态反应方法制备了(1-x)Mg4Nb2O9+xCaTiO3[(1-x)MN-xCT]复合陶瓷。探讨了烧结温度、组分x对Mg4Nb2O9/CaTiO3复合材料相结构的影响。通过XRD和EDS进行物相分析。实验结果表明:V2O5添加能够有效降低Mg4Nb2O9/CaTiO3陶瓷的烧结温度;(1-x)MN-xCT复相的形成主要取决于烧结温度和x的含量。1150℃烧结、0.5≤x≤0.7范围内,形成了Mg4Nb2O9/CaTiO3复相,无新相生成,但元素在不同相之间发生了扩散。     

高岭土掺杂NASICON固体电解质及全固态电池性能

针对LiTi2(PO4)3基固态电解质电导率低的问题,采用浙江三门高岭土矿作为主要原料,以高温固相法制备铝、镁、硅共掺杂钠超离子导体(NASICON)型快离子导体Li1+2x+2yAlxMgyTi2-x-ySixP3-xO12.研究掺杂比例、温度对固态电解质离子电导率的影响.结果表明,组成为Li1.8Al0.1Mg0.3Ti1.6Si0.1P2.9O12固体电解质在423 K时有最高离子电导率7.86×10-4 S·cm-1.以该组成固态电解质为基片,喷雾热解原位制备Al/ Li1+xV3O8/ Li1.8Al0.1Mg0.3Ti1.6Si0.1 P2.9O12 /C全固态电池并在1.8～3.9 V电压区间进行50次充放电测试.该电池具有较好的稳定性及循环容量保持能力.30次循环以后放电容量基本稳定在190～205 mAh·g-1之间,充放电效率大于90%.     

CaF_2掺杂对α-BZN陶瓷结构与介电性能的影响

采用固相反应法制备Bi1.5-xCaxZnNb1.5O7-yFy（0.00≤x≤0.20,以下简称BZN-x）陶瓷样品,研究了Ca2＋、F-共掺杂对BZN-x陶瓷烧结特性、微观结构和介电性能的影响。结果表明：BZN-x陶瓷样品的最佳烧结温度为1 020℃,CaF2在α-BZN中的固溶度是0.05,伴随着CaF2掺杂量的增加,介电常数逐渐减小,而介电损耗先减小然后又微弱增加（测试频率为1 MHz时）。通过介电损耗、电阻率的变化确认了CaF2掺入α-BZN后的缺陷补偿方式,同时也证实随着掺杂量的增加,介电常数峰值温度向低温移动与缺陷补偿方式有关。     

Synthesis and photoluminescence property of red phosphors LiEu_(1-x)Y_x(WO_4)_(0.5)(MoO_4)_(1.5) for white LED

A series of novel red phosphors LiEu1-xYx(WO4)0.5(MoO4)1.5 (x=0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.8) were synthesized by conventional solid state reaction method with the starting materials: WO3, MoO3, Eu2O3, Li2CO3 and Y2O3. The spectrum and the crystal structure of the phosphors were characterized by F-4500 and XRD respectively. Meanwhile the effects of flux and Y3+ concentration on the crystal structure and luminescent properties of the phosphors were investigated. The results showed that the optimal cont...     

中温SOFC复合阴极材料BSCN0.6-30%GDC的表征

通过固相反应法制备了钙钛矿氧化物Ba0.6Sr0.4Co0.9Nb0.1O3-δ(简称BSCN0.6),采用XRD对BSCN0.6与Gd0.1Ce0.9O1.95(简称GDC)电解质间的高温化学相容性进行表征。结果表明,BSCN0.6与GDC高温煅烧后存在微弱的固溶反应,但并未对阴极性能造成不利影响。将BSCN0.6与质量分数为30%的GDC复合(简称BSCN0.6-30%GDC)后作SOFC阴极,采用四电极法测电导、热膨胀测试等手段对复合阴极进行表征。结果表明,BSCN0.6与GDC复合降低了材料的电导率,同时也降低了材料的热膨胀系数,提高了阴极与GDC电解质间的热匹配性。以BSCN0.6-30%GDC复合材料作电极,700~800℃时对称电池BSCN0.6-30%GDC//GDC的极化阻抗为0.047~0.012Ω·cm2。因此,BSCN0.6-30%GDC复合材料有望作IT-SOFC的低极化阻抗的阴极材料。     

Pressureless reactive sintering mechanism of nanocrystalline Bi2O3-Y2O3 solid electrolyte

The nanocrystalline Bi2O3-Y2O3 solid electrolyte material was synthesized by pressureless reactive sintering process with Bi2O3 and Y2O3 nano mixed powder as raw materials, which was prepared by a chemical coprecipitation process. The study on the behavior of nano δ-Bi2O3 formation and its grain growth showed that the solid solution reaction of Y2O3 and β-Bi2O3 to form δ-Bi2O3occurs mainly in the initial stage of sintering process, and nano δ-Bi2O3 crystal grains grow approximately following the rule of paracurve ((D-D0)2=K.t) during sintering process. After sintered at 600℃ for 2 h, the samples could reach above 96% in relative density and have dense microstructure with few remaining pores, the δ-Bi2O3 grains are less than 100 nm in size.     

CaF2掺杂对α-BZN陶瓷结构与介电性能的影响

采用固相反应法制备Bi1.5-xCaxZnNb1.5O7-yFy(0.00≤x≤0.20,以下简称BZN-x)陶瓷样品,研究了Ca2+、F-共掺杂对BZN-x陶瓷烧结特性、微观结构和介电性能的影响。结果表明:BZN-x陶瓷样品的最佳烧结温度为1 020℃,CaF2在α-BZN中的固溶度是0.05,伴随着CaF2掺杂量的增加,介电常数逐渐减小,而介电损耗先减小然后又微弱增加(测试频率为1 MHz时)。通过介电损耗、电阻率的变化确认了CaF2掺入α-BZN后的缺陷补偿方式,同时也证实随着掺杂量的增加,介电常数峰值温度向低温移动与缺陷补偿方式有关。     

Crystal structure and negative thermal expansion of solid solution Lu2W3-xMOxO12

A new series of solid solutions Lu2W3?xMoxO12 (0.5≤x≤2.5) were successfully synthesized by the solid-state method. Their crystal structure and negative thermal expansion properties were studied using high-temperature X-ray powder diffraction and the Rietveld method. All samples of rare-earth tungstates and molybdates are found to crystallize in the same orthorhombic structure with space group Pnca and show the negative thermal expansion phenomena related to transverse vibration of bridging oxygen atoms in t...     

(1-x)Ca_5Zn_4(VO_4)_6-xCa_(0.8)Sr_(0.2)TiO_3陶瓷微波介电性能研究

采用传统固相法制备(1-x)Ca5Zn4(VO4)6-xCa0.8Sr0.2TiO3(0.5≤x≤0.8)系陶瓷,并研究其烧结特性、晶相组成、显微组织和微波介电性能变化规律。用X射线衍射仪(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析陶瓷的晶相组成和显微组织,采用闭腔法测量其微波介电性能。研究表明,随着Ca0.8Sr0.2TiO3含量增加,陶瓷的εr和τf值逐渐增大,而Q×f值逐渐减小。875℃/5h烧结0.3Ca5Zn4(VO4)6-0.7Ca0.8Sr0.2TiO3名义陶瓷具有最佳微波介电性能,即εr=13.5,Q×f=12 800GHz,τf=3ppm/℃。     

A位Y^（3＋）替代α-BZN陶瓷结构及介电性能研究

采用传统的固相反应法制备了（Bi1.5-xYxZn0.5）（Zn0.5Nb1.5）O7（BYZN,0≤x≤0．2mol）陶瓷,借助XRD、SEM和Agilent4284A测试仪,研究了A位替代对OL—BZN结构和介电性能的影响。研究表明：当掺杂量xY^（3＋）〈0．15mol时,样品相结构中没有出现其他杂相,为单一立方焦绿石相;随掺杂离子的进一步增加,样品中出现少量第二相。陶瓷样品的晶粒尺寸和介电性能随着Y^（3＋）掺杂量的增加而呈现有规律的变化;低温介电弛豫峰的峰形逐渐宽化;xY^（3＋）≤0．15mol时,1MHz下弛豫峰峰值温度Tm由-117℃逐渐增加到-108℃。