加氢反应流出物空冷器系统模拟及腐蚀研究

探讨了加氢反应流出物空冷器系统的腐蚀机理。通过配制模拟腐蚀溶液,采用电阻探针和CMB-1510B便携式瞬时腐蚀速率测量仪等腐蚀速率测试装置,在实验室条件下,研究了各种工艺条件对年腐蚀速率的影响,所研究的条件包括缓蚀剂的浓度、腐蚀因子、pH值和协同效应。结果表明,苯并三唑(BTA)是一种应用于加氢反应流出物空冷器系统的优良缓蚀剂,在NH4Cl溶液中缓蚀剂六偏磷酸钠与硫酸锌复配物具有良好的协同缓蚀作用;同时也表明随着腐蚀因子的增大年腐蚀速率明显增加,总的来说,低pH值范围内年腐蚀速率随pH值的降低而明显增大,高pH值对年腐蚀速率的影响有所减小。     

受酸腐蚀砂岩物理化学及力学性质的试验研究

通过对不同腐蚀阶段不同浓度硫酸溶液的pH值、阳离子浓度、砂岩质量等的变化进行监测,结合单轴压缩试验和CT扫描试验,对砂岩受酸腐蚀过程中的物理、化学及力学性质进行分析.基于引申的Lemaitre应变等效原理,建立受酸腐蚀砂岩的损伤本构模型.研究结果表明:(1)砂岩岩样在不同浓度硫酸溶液中浸泡的不同阶段,其质量变化及溶液的pH值变化都呈现出明显的阶段性特征;(2)阳离子溶蚀速率均在反应初期达到最大值,且Ca~(2+)溶蚀速率最快,相同浸泡阶段,硫酸溶液浓度越强其阳离子的溶蚀速率越大;(3)随着浸泡时间的延长,砂岩单轴抗压强度减小,岩样从弹塑性阶段到破坏阶段的过程延长,岩样的损伤变量呈增大趋势.     

合金元素Er对AZ63镁合金腐蚀行为的影响

研究了AZ63和AZ63-Er镁合金的微观组织、腐蚀行为.采用静态析氢腐蚀速率、失重腐蚀速率、塔菲尔曲线、交流阻抗、金相显微等实验技术,表征了AZ63和AZ63-Er镁合金材料的显微组织和腐蚀性能.结果表明:在AZ63镁合金中添加合金化元素Er,显微组织由胞状晶组织转变为树枝晶组织,β-Mg_(17)Al_(12)相主要沿晶界分布,但随着Er元素的增加,网状连续分布的β-Mg_(17)Al_(12)相,转变成颗粒状、细小的β-Mg_(17)Al_(12)相,均匀分布于α-Mg基体上,晶粒明显细化;静态析氢腐蚀速率和失重腐蚀速率降低,腐蚀电流密度减小,极化电阻增大,表明添加合金化元素Er的AZ63-Er镁合金腐蚀速率明显降低,耐腐蚀性显著提高.     

AZ31镁合金动态再结晶临界应变和稳态应变

采用热拉伸实验测定AZ31镁合金的应力-应变曲线,依据加工硬化率理论,得到热变形过程中AZ31镁合金发生动态再结晶的临界应变和稳态应变,确定临界应变、稳态应变与塑性变形工艺参数的关系。结果表明:热变形温度和应变速率是影响AZ31镁合金动态再结晶的主要因素,提高变形温度和降低应变速率都有利于降低AZ31镁合金的临界应变和稳态应变; AZ31镁合金的动态再结晶临界应变值与Sellars经验模型的参数范围一致。     

碱性溶液腐蚀作用下黄砂岩力学特性试验研究

为研究pH值不同的碱性溶液对黄砂岩力学性能弱化规律,通过自制室内渗透溶蚀装备,获得黄砂岩化学腐蚀过程各溶液渗透量、pH值和电导率的变化规律;对溶蚀后的黄砂岩进行单轴压缩试验,探讨不同pH值的碱性溶液对黄砂岩腐蚀效应,获得化学溶液对黄砂岩强度和弹性模量的影响规律.结果表明:(1)随着溶液pH值的增大,其渗透量也越大,最后趋于稳定;(2)电导率变化规律表明黄砂岩溶蚀只在溶液接触表面进行,并未无限制反应;(3)化学腐蚀后岩样的单轴抗压强度随着碱溶液pH值的增大而减小,弹性模量随着碱溶液pH值的增大而增大.     

AZ31镁合金心形件超塑气胀成形过程数值模拟

在超塑成形条件和超塑成形机理基础上,采用有限元分析软件MSC．MARC对AZ31镁合金薄板心形件,在不同成形温度和应变速率条件下的恒应变速率超塑气胀成形过程进行了数值模拟分析．设计20组模拟参数组合对胀形件的壁厚、危险区域进行分析,得出AZ31镁合金薄板心形件具有最佳成形质量时的温度值、应变速率值以及在此条件下的压力／时间关系（P—t曲线）．同时本文对心形件的胀形过程以及成形特点进行了分析,对AZ31镁合金薄板心形件在胀形过程中．可能出现的缺陷位置做了预测．     

应变速率对AZ31B变形镁合金力学性能的影响

为了研究应变速率对AZ31B变形镁合金力学性能的影响,试验温度为室温、150℃时,对AZ31B变形镁合金进行拉伸试验,并记录抗拉强度和屈服强度,计算延伸率.通过扫描电镜观察拉伸断口形貌,结果表明,随着应变速率的提高,AZ31B变形镁合金的抗拉强度和屈服强度都随之提高,而延伸率却逐渐降低;随着温度的升高,同一应变速率下的抗拉强度和屈服强度降低,而延伸率大幅度升高.通过观察扫描断口形貌发现,合金表现为韧性断裂,且随着应变速率的降低,韧窝逐渐增多.     

磁场电流对AZ31镁合金组织与性能的影响

为了改善AZ31镁合金的综合性能并提高其利用价值,通过在AZ31镁合金整个凝固过程施加旋转磁场制备镁合金管坯.通过改变磁场电流对磁场与自然凝固条件下获得的AZ31镁合金铸锭的微观组织及力学性能进行了观察与测试,研究了磁场电流对AZ31镁合金显微组织和力学性能的影响.结果表明,随着磁场电流的增大,合金晶粒逐渐细化,晶粒内部出现较多的孪晶,且β-Mg17Al12相逐渐减少并细化.磁场电流越大,AZ31镁合金的力学性能越好.当磁场电流为150 A时,AZ31镁合金的抗拉强度为194 MPa,屈服强度为98 MPa,伸长率为14. 8%,与自然凝固状态相比分别提高了23. 6%、32. 4%和57. 4%.     

AZ31镁合金在Hank’s仿生溶液中的电化学腐蚀行为研究

为研究镁合金在人体生理环境下的腐蚀行为,采用阳极极化和电化学交流阻抗谱(EIS)测量技术研究了AZ31镁合金在Hank’s仿生溶液中的电化学腐蚀行为及腐蚀产物形成过程;利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线能谱仪(EDS)分析不同浸泡时间腐蚀产物膜的形貌和成分变化。研究结果表明:镁合金AZ31在Hank’s溶液中浸泡最初10min,表面形成新的MgO钝化膜。镁合金的腐蚀经历了点蚀的诱导、点蚀的发展和腐蚀产物层的生成3个阶段,腐蚀过程中除Mg的溶解过程外,还有H2PO-4、HPO2-4、PO3-4、Ca2+在镁合金表面的吸脱附过程。镁合金点蚀处磷酸钙盐沉积较多,表明镁离子的溶解促进了磷酸钙的沉积。     

硅烷处理对AZ31镁合金耐蚀性的影响

将经碱洗酸洗预处理后的AZ31镁合金分别在KH一550和BTSPS型硅烷溶液中浸渍,在其表面沉积一层无色透明的有机硅薄膜．采用盐水浸泡、动电位极化曲线研究硅烷处理对镁合金耐蚀性的影响．观察其腐蚀形貌发现：薄而致密的硅烷膜层起到了较好的屏蔽保护作用,有效提高了镁合金的耐蚀性,且BTSPS型硅烷处理优于KH一550型．镁合金在NaCl溶液中腐蚀坑沿四周呈条形扩展,其腐蚀产物Mg（OH）2呈疏松多孔的蜂窝状．     

Corrosion behavior of amorphous/nanocrystalline Al-Cr-Fe film deposited by double glow plasmas technique

In order to improve the corrosion resistance of AZ31 magnesium alloy, the amorphous/nanocrystal Al-Cr-Fe film has been successfully prepared on AZ31 magnesium alloy by double glow plasma technology. The amorphous/nanocrystalline consists of two different regions, i.e., an amorphous layer on outmost surface and an underlying lamellar nanocrystalline layer with a grain size of less than 10 nm. The corrosion behavior of amorphous/nanocrystalline Al-Cr-Fe film in 3.5% NaCl solution is investigated using an electrochemical polarization measurement. Compared with the AZ31 magnesium alloy, the amorphous/nanocrystalline Al-Cr-Fe film exhibits more positive corrosion potentials and lower corrosion current densities than that of AZ31 magnesium alloy. XPS measurement reveals that the passive film formed on the Al-Cr-Fe film after the anodic polarization tests is strongly enriched in Cr₂O₃, Fe₂O₃ and Al₂O₃ at outer surface of the film and in the inner layer consists of Cr₂O₃, FeO and Al₂O₃. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 50571045 and 50704022) and the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province, China (Grant No. BK2007591)     

Corrosion Resistance of AZ91 Magnesium Alloy after Laser Remelting Treatment

The main objective of the study was the modification of the surface layer of magnesium alloy by the CO_2 laser. The studied material was the commercial AZ91 magnesium alloy. The effectiveness of the alternations caused by the remelting process was verified on the basis of microscopic observation and corrosion investigations, i e, recording of potentiodynamic polarization curves, electrochemical noise measurements and hydrogen evolution rate measurements. For the adopted range of the treatment parameters, favourable changes were observed in the surface layer such as the refinement of structure and more uniform arrangement of individual phases. As a consequence of those favourable structural changes the improvement of the corrosion resistance of the alloy was achieved in comparison to its non-remelted equivalent. For the treated material corrosion rates expressed as corrosion current densities were at least three times lower than the appropriate values for the untreated alloy comparing them for the same period of samples immersion in the test solution. The obtained results have confirmed the effectiveness of the applied surface treatment resulting in favourable changes in the structure and corrosion properties of the AZ91 magnesium alloy.     

Initial corrosion behaviors of AZ91 magnesium alloy in the presence of SO2

The effects of SO2 on the initial atmospheric corrosion of AZ91D magnesium alloy were investigated in laboratory. Met-allographic observation, SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy), XRD (X-ray Diffraction) and XPS (X-ray Proton Spectrograph) were used to analyze and discuss the initial surface morphology of corrosion layers and corrosion products. The corrosion rate of the alloy increases with increasing the content of SO2. The initial attack has the characteristics of localized corrosion and preferentially concentrates on a phase. MgO and Mg(OH)2 form at first, which provide a protective layer, then the existence of SO2 decreases the pH of the thin solution on the alloy, accelerates dissolution process, and promotes the formation of MgSO3·6H2O and MgSO4·6H2O, meanwhile cracks were found on the corrosion products with corrosion continuation. These soluble corrosion products and the cracks provide the paths for filtering oxygen and corrosion pollutants into the matrix, which results in severe localized co     

Galvanic Corrosion of Magnesium Alloy and Aluminum Alloy by Kelvin Probe

Galvanic corrosion on samples of AZ91D magnesium alloy coupled with 2A12 aluminum alloy during neutral salt spray test was investigated.The variations of the surface potential were measured using scanning kelvin probe(SKP).The results showed that galvanic effect on the corrosion of AZ91D magnesium alloy is closely related to the potential difference between the anodic and cathodic materials.In the initial period,corrosion only occurred in a narrow area at the coupling interface because of the limited distance galvanic current.Then,the corrosion rate of 2A12 aluminum alloy was accelerated due to its poor stability in strong alkali environment,which was attributed to the strong alkalization caused by the corrosion of AZ91D magnesium alloy.With the increase of the potential of 2A12 aluminum alloy as a result of the continuous covering of corrosion products,the potential difference between the two materials was enlarged,which enhanced the galvanic corrosion.     

钨酸钠的缓蚀作用及其复配协同效应研究

用开路电位测试、Tafel极化曲线测试和失重法研究了模拟海水中钨酸钠对AZ31镁合金的缓蚀作用.研究结果表明,当钨酸钠浓度为0.03 mol/L时具有较好的缓蚀效果,缓蚀效率为60％.钨酸钠通过与镁合金腐蚀产物共同成膜而起到保护作用.将钨酸钠与有机型缓蚀剂六次甲基四胺进行复配,其缓蚀性能仍主要由钨酸钠决定,缓蚀性能没有显著提升.     

Ce改性AZ91的微弧氧化膜制备及其耐蚀性能

利用交流恒压微弧氧化技术, 通过Ce改性镁合金基体制备高耐蚀微弧氧化膜. 在100、120和 140 V的外加电压下, 对3种试样: AZ91, 质量分数w(Ce) 分别为0.92%和1.80%改性的AZ91微弧氧化过程、微观结构和组成及氧化膜的耐蚀性能进行研究. 应用电子扫描显微镜(SEM), 电子能谱（EDS）和X射线衍射（XRD）等表征氧化膜的微观结构和化学组成. 利用稳态极化曲线和电化学阻抗谱（EIS）测试了氧化膜在质量分数w(NaCl)为3.5%的溶液中的腐蚀过程. 实验结果表明氧化膜成膜过程可以分为3个阶段; 氧化膜主要由MgO组成, 镁合金中的稀土元素Ce促进成膜过程, 增加膜层的致密性; 稀土改性后镁合金氧化膜的耐蚀性比镁合金基体提高4个数量级, 腐蚀电流密度低至10^-8 A/cm2．     

Kinetics of recrystallization for twin-roll casting AZ31 magnesium alloy during homogenization

The kinetics of recrystallization for twin-roll casting AZ31 magnesium alloy with different thicknesses during homogenization was analyzed.It is shown that fine grains are first formed at the boundaries of deformed bands in the twin-roll casting slab.The recrystallized grains with no strain are gradually substituted for the deformed microstructure of twin-roll casting AZ31 magnesium alloy.The incubation temperature and time for the recrystallization of a twin-roll casting AZ31 magnesium alloy strip with a thickness of 3 mm are lower and shorter than those of the 6-mm thick strip,respectively.The 3-mm thick twin-roll casting magnesium alloy has finer grains than the 6-mm thick strip.The activation energies of recrystallization for twin-roll casting AZ31 magnesium alloy slabs with the thickness of 3 and 6 mm are 88 and 69 kJ/mol,respectively.The kinetics curves of recrystallization for twin-roll casting AZ31 magnesium alloy were obtained.     

2A12铝合金电化学腐蚀行为研究

采取正交试验方法,利用极化曲线和电化学阻抗谱(EIS)等电化学方法研究了2A12铝合金在不同溶液浓度、pH值以及温度的NaCl溶液中的腐蚀行为。试验结果表明,溶液浓度、pH值以及温度对2A12铝合金在NaCl溶液中耐腐蚀行为的影响依次为：pH值、温度、溶液浓度。2A12铝合金的耐腐蚀性能随着NaCl溶液浓度的增加而变差;NaCl溶液温度越高,腐蚀电流密度Icorr越大,合金耐腐蚀性能下降;溶液中性条件下,合金耐腐蚀性能最强,碱性条件下耐腐蚀性能最差;酸性条件下腐蚀电流密度Icorr随pH值的降低而增大,合金耐腐蚀性能减弱。     

镁合金电镀镍涂层的耐蚀性能

以化学镀镍作为保护层,对AZ91D镁合金进行直流电镀镍涂层以提高其耐腐蚀性能,并对镁合金表面两个不同厚度的镀镍涂层进行了比较.采用SEM对涂层的表面形态进行了研究.在X射线下纹理明显.镍涂层硬度约560VHN,远远高于AZ91D镁合金基底的硬度(约100VHN).电化学测量结果表明,在已经研究的镁合金涂层中,镍镀层有最低的腐蚀电流密度和最高的腐蚀电位.加速腐蚀实验中AZ91D镁合金镀镍具有很高的耐腐蚀性能.