考虑安全因子的军队非现役文职人员综合素质模糊评价方法

针对层次分析法(AHP)在某些决策环境中对安全因素的忽视,考虑安全因子的AHP和模糊综合评价(FUZZY)方法相结合,设计了一套人员综合素质评价方法,并使用该方法对应聘军队非现役文职人员的综合素质评价实例进行了分析,结果表明,该方法能够比较科学地对应聘人员进行评价,是一种定性与定量有机结合的评价方法。     

基于灰色理论的城市安全综合评价

由于城市安全评价信息具有不确定性和不完整性，以使人们对城市的安全程度没有一个全面的、概括的了解。本文采用灰色系统理论对城市安全进行了定量评价的尝试，并以具体的实例解释了该评价模型的计算过程，验证了该方法的实用性和可行性。     

模糊综合安全评价中单因素矩阵的确定

通过合理精确单因素评价矩阵对模糊综合安全评价之结果重要性的论述，采用新方法建立了作为构造评价矩阵基础的评价因素体系，并基于系统运行的历史，提出了危险因素评价指标的选取与定量方法，最后用Ｆｕｚｚｙ－ＩＳＯＤＡＴＡ聚类构造出了单因素评价矩阵。     

修正安全评价法在装配式结构施工危险源管理中的应用研究

为了评价和管理装配式结构施工危险源,根据半定性半定量安全评价法(MES安全评价法)在建筑施工危险源风险评价中存在的优势及不足,提出了一种修正安全评价方法。结合装配式结构施工特点,使用两种安全评价法对部分装配式结构施工中的危险源进行安全风险评价,对比验证了修正安全评价方法的合理性以及对危险源进行安全评价的有效性,通过装配式结构工程实例验证了该评价法的实用性。结果表明:各种危险因素的固有风险程度以及应对危险因素的安全控制措施程度进行综合考虑可有效修正装配式结构施工安全评价结果,修正安全评价法相较MES安全评价法更具可行性。     

城市天然气供应系统半定量风险评价方法研究

城市天然气供应系统牵扯着千家万户的安全问题,探讨城市天然气供应系统半定量风险评价的思路和流程,及其气源因素、管网因素、应用因素、管理因素和自然因素五方面的失效可能性评价指标体系;构建了财产损失、人员伤亡和环境污染三方面的失效后果评价指标;给出了失效后果的评分标准;提出了一种基于半定量风险评价的城市天然气供应系统风险评价方法。在此基础上以浙江某地城市燃气供应系统为例进行风险评价,得出该城市天然气供应系统的整体风险处于低风险水平。该方法可用于拟建、在建或者在役的城市天然气供应系统的风险评价。     

交通环境对道路安全影响的定量评价

为了定量评价交通环境因素对道路安全带来的影响,提出了模糊一致矩阵法。针对2条高速公路4个相似路段道路安全事故的标准事故值建立了评价矩阵,计算评价了对象的优属度值,对其安全问题进行了评价。结果表明:该方法能够定量直观地表达评价结果,是定量评价交通环境对道路安全影响的有效方法。     

含软弱夹层顶板巷道安全状况可拓评价模型

在现场实测和实验室物理模拟基础上确定了10个影响软弱夹层顶板巷道安全性的因素.通过层次分析法对各因素进行权重评判,结果表明软弱夹层层位、受水影响程度等是影响该类巷道稳定性的主要因素.借助物元可拓性定性方法和可拓关联函数定量方法,提出了一种新的含软弱夹层顶板巷道安全评价模型,对实际生产矿井该类巷道的评价指标进行数据预处理,得到反映软弱夹层顶板巷道安全状况的5种等级,即非常危险、危险、相对安全、较安全、安全,并为控制对策提供理论依据.利用该模型对芦岭矿II84回风上山安全稳定状况进行可拓评价,计算结果表明该巷道等级为较安全,与现场实际较吻合,验证了该模型的可靠性与准确性.     

基于ASP．Net与JavaScript技术的油气初加工站场定量评价系统的实现

油田天然气公司的各站场装置是油气初加工系统中的重要组成部分,其不安全因素也是整个初加工系统中最多的,所以本文根据生产实际,结合危险度分级评价法,制定了适合油气初加工站场定量评价的方法,并在此基础上利用ASP．Net与JavaScript技术相结合,实现了该评价方法的网络化,具有一定的实践意义．     

基于灰色理论的城市安全综合评价

由于城市安全评价信息具有不确定性和不完整性,以使人们对城市的安全程度没有一个全面的、概括的了解.本文采用灰色系统理论对城市安全进行了定量评价的尝试,并以具体的实例解释了该评价模型的计算过程,验证了该方法的实用性和可行性.     

基于FAHP法的城市燃气管道风险评价

通过分析影响城市燃气管道安全的风险因素,建立了城市燃气管道风险综合评价体系,并采用层次分析法对这些风险因素的发生概率和其后果的严重性进行量化,通过两两比较非定量风险因素,建立判断矩阵求其相应权重.考虑到判断的模糊性,文中结合模糊层次分析法,采用模糊算子M(·,⊕),进行加权平均,对城市燃气管道进行了风险评价.研究表明,该方法用于城市燃气管道的风险评价是行之有效的.     

坚硬顶板型冲击矿压灾害防治研究

针对兖州矿区济三煤矿6303工作面的冲击矿压问题，分析了冲击矿压发生的主要原因及影响因素．根据现场条件和数值模拟分析，提出了采用顶板爆破解除冲击矿压危险的技术措施，并确定了爆破参数．采用矿用钻孔窥视仪并配合电磁辐射法和钻屑法对爆破进行了效果检验．结果表明，通过顶板爆破措施可以破坏工作面上方坚硬厚层砂岩顶板的完整性，提前释放顶板聚集的弹性能，减弱和消除了工作面的冲击矿压危险，胜，保证了工作面的安全生产．现场实践证明，该项技术对具有坚硬顶板型冲击矿压的防治效果明显．     

高耸建筑物拆除爆破的安全分析及控制研究

以高耸建筑物拆除爆破的原理为基础,对建筑物拆除爆破中产生的爆破振动、塌落振动、爆破飞石、爆破空气冲击波和爆破噪音等爆破危害的发生机理和影响因素及影响范围进行了分析;并从建筑物拆除爆破中“人”的不安全行为、“物”的不安全状态和“环境”的不安全因素等方面探讨了建筑物拆除爆破中所存在的安全问题;结合一工程实例,分析了工程实例的安全爆破难度,并在此基础上,提出了相应有效的安全防护措施、安全控制措施和安全管理方法。该研究为类似高耸建筑物拆除爆破的安全施工和控制提供了有益的借鉴。     

渠道石方爆破起爆网路设计

在渠道石方爆破开挖时,为使爆破对基础和附近建筑物的影响符合相关规范,通过对工程实地勘测,设计了合理的起爆网路,使开挖施工质量、安全达到设计规范要求,结果可为同类型施工提供参考.     

Practical assessment of rock damage due to blasting

Blasting is the most cost effective methodology to break rock for mining or civil engineering applications.A good production blast will break only the rock that is needed to be removed, leaving the host rock with minimal damage. The control of rock damage due to blasting is very important when it comes to mine or construction design, safety, and cost. Damage to the host rock due to a production blast could result in failures, overbreak and unstable ground. Knowing how far the fractures generated by a production blast will go into the host rock is a valuable tool for engineers to design a safe highwall while keeping the actual excavation close to the design. Currently, there are several methods available to predict damage due to blasting. The accuracy of many of these methods is questionable, and in most cases, the methodologies over predict the results. This often leads to inefficient mines and poor construction works. When the current methodologies are reviewed, each one presents sound approaches, but in many cases they also lack consideration of other variables that, according to the authors, need to be included when predicting blast damage. This paper presents a practical methodology to assess the rock damage from blasting by combining other methodologies. The proposed method allows consideration of more variables when compared to available methods, resulting in a more accurate rock damage assessment. The method uses the estimation of the generated levels of peak particle velocity with the distance from a production blast presented by Persson and Holmberg, the peak particle velocity damage ranges proposed by Forsyth and the relationship between the static compressive strength and dynamic compressive strength of rocks from Liu. The new methodology was validated using the data published in a large-scale study performed in granite by Siskind.     

岩体巷道光面爆破参数比较分析与应用

光面爆破效果主要取决于岩石条件、炸药性质及光爆参数,岩石条件不同,则光面爆破参数应作相应调整.为将光面爆破更合理地应用于不同条件下的岩石,基于爆炸应力波和爆生气体共同作用理论,提出了普通光面爆破及计入损伤光面爆破参数计算公式.实例及分析说明：基于爆炸应力波和爆生气体综合作用理论的光面爆破计算公式是合理的,适用于不同岩石条件光面爆破参数的确定;在孔深、孔径和装药相同的条件下,岩石越完整,稳定程度越高,其光面爆破的周边眼间距越小;计入损伤时,光面爆破的周边眼间距可适当增大;岩石单轴抗压强度较大,则装药不耦合系数可取较小值,以提高炸药爆炸能量利用率,单轴抗拉强度越高,则光面爆破的周边眼间距值越小.     

Quantitative hazard assessment system(Has-Q) for open pit mine slopes

Rock slope hazard assessment is an important part of risk analysis for open pit mines. The main parameters that can lead to rock slope failures are the parameters traditionally used in geomechanical classifications, the slope geometrical parameters and external factors like rainfall and blasting. This paper presents a methodology for a hazard assessment system for open pit mine slopes based on 88 cases collated around the world using principal components analysis, discriminant analysis and confidence ellipses. The historical cases used in this study included copper, gold, iron, diamond, lead and zinc, platinum and claystone mines. The variables used in the assessment methodology are uniaxial compressive strength of intact rock; spacing, persistence, opening, roughness, infilling and orientation of the main discontinuity set; weathering of the rock mass; groundwater; blasting method; and height and inclination of the pit. While principal component analysis was used to quantify the data, the discriminant analysis was used to establish a rule to classify new slopes about its stability condition. To provide a practical hazard assessment system, confidence ellipses were used to propose a hazard graph and generate the HAS-Q. The discriminant rule developed in this research has a high discrimination capacity with an error rate of11.36%.     

爆破技术在超深嵌岩人工挖孔灌注桩中的应用

介绍在山区桥梁超深嵌岩人工挖孔灌注桩施工中采用的爆破及安全技术,阐述了采用爆破技术在硬质岩石中进行挖孔桩施工的可行性。     

基于模糊综合评判的岩石分级系统研究

避开常规岩石分级的特点，直接从爆破钻孔现场获取的钻孔信息来确定岩石的性质，并采用模糊综合评判的方法对岩石进行分级。该方法简单易行，为整个爆破施工的智能化提供有力的支撑，同时也为岩石分级方法的更新开辟了新天地。     

Fluid–solid coupling analysis of rock pillar stability for concealed karst cave ahead of a roadway based on catastrophic theory

In order to study the mechanism of water inrush from a concealed, confined karst cave, we established a fluid–solid coupling model of water inrush from a concealed karst cave ahead of a roadway and a strength reduction method in a rock pillar for preventing water inrush based on catastrophic theory. Fluid–solid coupling effects and safety margins in a rock pillar were studied. Analysis shows that rock pillar instability, exerted by disturbance stress and seepage stress, is the process of rock pillar catastrophic destabilization induced by nonlinear extension of plastic zones in the rock pillar. Seepage flow emerges in the rock pillar for preventing water inrush, accompanied by mechanical instability of the rock pillar. Taking the accident of a confined karst cave water-inrush of Qiyi Mine as an example, by studying the safety factor of the rock pillar and the relationship between karst cave water pressure and thickness of the rock pillar, it is proposed that rock pillar thickness with a safety factor equal to 1.5 is regarded as the calculated safety thickness of the rock pillar, which should be equal to the sum of the blasthole depth, blasting disturbance depth and the calculated safety thickness of the rock pillar. The cause of the karst water inrush at Qiyi Mine is that the rock pillar was so small that it did not possess a safety margin. Combining fluid–solid coupling theory, catastrophic theory and strength reduction method to study the nonlinear mechanical response of complicated rock engineering, new avenues for quantitative analysis of rock engineering stability evaluation should be forthcoming.     

巷道组过断层围岩控制技术研究

以深井巷道组过特大型断层（落差大于100m）破碎带为工程背景,采用数值模拟的办法对比分析了正常地层和断层破碎带中巷道组围岩的力学特征以及相互影响;结合断层破碎带围岩的实际情况,建立了＂早预测、短进尺、弱爆破、强支护、紧封闭、勤量测、防突水＂的断层带施工技术和综合保障体系,形成超前物探、超前加固、微震开挖、分步动态支护等综合配套技术,保证了巷道的施工安全。