The structural evolutions of ZL109 alloy and 7050 alloy in the semisolid squeeze casting process

The structure evolutions of ZL109 alloy and 7050 alloy were studied in the processes of preparing raw billets by low super heat casting, remelting the raw billets, semisolid forming and heat treating components. The thin and symmetrical structure was obtained by using low super heat casting process. The eutectic that lied in the raw billet of ZL109 alloy remelted and produced liquid phase in the process of remelting, but to the 7050 alloy, the eutectic of intergranular and the pointedness of grains was remelted to make the grains more uniform and smooth. In the process of semisolid forming, the primary α and the eutectic inside the ZL109 alloy were separated partly and the grains in the 7050 alloy was conglutinated together. After heat treatment, the eutectic α grains of ZL109 traveled to primary α and shaped the white fishing net like organization; the eutectic Si grains assembled into the black massive particles. As to 7050, after heat treatment, α particles recrystallized and thin grains pattern was obtained.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of an in situ synthesized TiB and TiC reinforced titanium matrix composite coating

A titanium-based composite coating reinforced by in situ synthesized TiB and TiC particles was fabricated on Ti6Al4V by laser cladding. The microstructure and mechanical properties were investigated. The coating was mainly composed of β-Ti cellular dendrites and an eutectic in which a large number of rod/needle-shaped TiB and a few equiaxial TiC particles were homogeneously embedded. The microstructural evolution could be divided into four stages: precipitation and growth of primary β-Ti phase, formation of the binary eutectic β-Ti+TiB, formation of the ternary eutectic β-Ti+TiB+TiC, and solid transformation from β-Ti to β-Ti. Microhardness of the coating showed a gradient variation from the surface (about HV0.2 876) to the bottom (about HV0.2 660) and was prominently improved in comparison with that of the substrate. Fracture toughness of the coating also exhibited a gradient variation from the surface (6.3 MPa·m1/2) to the interface (11.9 MPa·m1/2). Wear resistance of the coating was significantly superior to that of Ti6Al4V.     

Hot deformation behavior of Ti-6.5Al-3.5Mo-1.5Zr-0.3Si alloy with acicular microstructure

The characteristics of hot deformation of an α+β titanium alloy Ti-6.5Al-3.5Mo-1.5Zr-0.3Si with acicular microstructure were studied using isothermal hot compressive tests in a strain rate range of 0.01-10 s-1 at 860-1 100 °C. The true stress-true strain curves of alloy hot-compressed in the α+β region exhibit a peak stress followed by continuous flow softening; whereas in the β region,the flow stress attains a steady-state regime. At a strain rate of 10 s-1 and in a wide temperature range,the alloy exhibit...     

Effect of temperature on microstructure ofmolybdenum diffusion coating on titanium substrate

The halide-activated pack cementation process was used to form molybdenum diffusion coating on titanium substrate. The morphology, structure, elements diffusion distribution and microhardness of the coatings formed at different diffusion temperatures were studied. The results indicate that the coating is made up of deposition layer and diffusion layer, and the surface roughness of specimens is increased after diffusion. In the diffusion layer, the major phases are Mo and β-Ti phase with addition of α′-Ti phase and α″-Ti phase. And the phase composition of Mo →β→α″→α′ is formed for different Mo contents in the diffusion layer from outside to inside. The diffusion of Ti element is very obvious as well as Mo element. With increasing the diffusion temperature, the thickness of diffusion layer is increased rapidly, and the microhardness is changed more smoothly with diffusion depth, which shows the same distribution rules as the Mo content.     

Microstructures and Properties of SiC／Al2O3 ／Al- Si Composites Prepared by Reactive Penetration

The composition, microstructures and properties of SiC/Al2O3/Al-Si composites formed by reactive penetration of the molten aluminum into the preforms of SiO2 and SiC were investigated. The composition of the composites was measured by X-ray diffraction ( XRD ). The microstructures of the composites were also measured by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical microscopy. In addition, the factors affecting the properties of the composites were discussed. The experiments show that the mechanical properties of the composites depend on their relative densities and the sizes of the fillers“ SiC gains“. The denser the SiC/Al2O3/Al-Si composites, the higher their bending strength. As the filler “SiC gains“ become fine, the bending strength of the composites increases.     

Microstructural Evolution and Phase Transformations of Mechanically Stirred Non-dendritic ZA27 Alloy during Partial Remelting

The microstructural evohution and phase transformations of mechanically stirred non-dendriticZA27 alloy during partial remelting were studied by using scanning electron microsccopy and x-ray diffraction technique the partial remelting temperature waw 460℃ and lower than the stirring tenperature of 465℃ so the microstructure with globular grains needed for semi-solid forming can not be obtained and the starting prinary nondendritic grains change in turn to connect non-dendritic grains,long cchain-like structures and fnlly to coursen connect grains houever,the small near-equiaxed grains betueen the primary non-dendritic grains are erohvvl into small globular grains gradtally some of ichich are also attached to the primary non-dendritic grains the subsequent heating the x-ray diffraction results shou that a series of phase transformations α η ε→β，η β →L，β α′ L，α η ε→α′and α′→occur successively during this process the main reuson why the starting primary non-dendritic grains do not occur or occurr incompletely in the layers used to connect the priunary nondendritic grains.     

Al_2O_3／Al－Si合金复合材料中硅相形貌观察

利用挤压铸造制备Ａｌ２Ｏ３／Ａｌ－Ｓｉ合金复合材料，在扫描电子显微镜（ＳＥＭ）上观察了复合材料中的硅相形貌．结果表明Ａｌ２Ｏ３纤维与Ｓｉ相之间存在共格界面，可作为硅相非自发形核的衬底；复合材料中的初生硅可在纤维表面形核生长为颗粒状；复合材料中的纤维在Ａｌ－Ｓｉ共晶体的共生生长过程中，可触发孪晶，导致纤维附近的共晶硅里变质形态．     

Diffusion reaction in the interface of titanium/mild steel composite

The microstructure together with the formation and growth of reaction phases in the interfacial diffusion zone of the explosive cladding TA2/A3 has been investigated by means of OM, SEM, AES and XRD techniques. When the specimen annealed at temperature under theβ-Ti→α-Ti transformation, i. e. below 1 173 K, only TiC forms along TA2 side of interface and hinders the interdiffusion of Fe and Ti atoms, thus Fe₂Ti or FeTi is unable to occur. While heated up to the transformation temperature ofβ-Ti, e. g, over 1 223 K, the parabolic growth of intermetallic compounds of Fe₂Ti and FeTi with layer structure may form intergranularly and the formation ofβ-Ti orβ-Ti+α-Ti structure at the Fe enriched side of TA2 and the martensitic transformation products at the Fe-depleted side are observed owing to the diffusion of Fe. Furthermore, the growth ofβ-Ti transformation layer is revealed to follow the parabolic rule. Project supported by the Non-ferrous Metal Industry Corperation of China Synopsis of the first author Yang Yang, professor, Dr.-Ing., born on Nov. 11, 1963, has published more than twenty papers. Study fields are on the metallurgical effects of shock deformation on metals, interface of composite, roll and explosive cladding technologies, etc.     

Structure characterization of F-doped silica glass

Pure and fluorine-doped silica glass were fabricated by plasma chemical vapour deposition (PCVD) and characterized using Raman and infrared spectrum. The change in Raman intensity of 945 cm⁻¹ peak, relating to ≡Si—F stretching vibration, agrees with the change of F content. Compared with measured wavenumber in IR spectrum, the calculated absorption wavelength confirms the incorporation form of F into the glass, the detail of which is a tetrahedron with a Si atom in the center coupled with one F atom and three network O atoms. Such structure identification may be useful for explaining some properties of F-doping silica glass.     

The Role of Calcium in Microstructural Refinement of AZ91 Magnesium Alloy

The effect of calcium addition on the microstructures of AZ91 magnesium alloy was investigated. It was found that a small amount of calcium in AZ91 allay produced a large decrease in the α- Mg grain size and the dispersed fine β-Mgt7 Alt2 phases. In addition, some Al4Ca particles were found to exist in the AZ91 alloy containing 0.5wt% Ca. EDS analysis and water-quenched technique revealed that the grain-refining mechanism of calcium for the AZ91 alloys was mainly attributed to the role of restricting growth of calcium in the primary α-Mg crystals.     

Effects of Stretching Ratio and Temperature on Phase Transition of Melt-spun Poly （Vinylidene Fluoride） Fibers

The effects of stretching ratio and stretching temperature on pbase transition of melt-spun poly （ vinylidene fluoride ） fibers were investigated and analyzed by using scanning electron microscopy, wide angle X- ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry and Fourier transfer infrared spectroscopy. The β phase exists in the as-spun fiber. The β phase content increases as the stretching ratio increases. When the stretching temperature is lower than 100 ℃ , enhancing temperature is good for the transition of phase a to ft. By contrast, when the stretching temperature is higher than 100 ℃ , enhancing temperature is unfavourable for the transition of phase a to β. Increasing the draw temperature increases the α-phase content.     

Evolution of microstructures in Al-Mn-Mg alloys during homogenization

0　ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＡｌ Ｍｎｓｅｒｉｅｓａｌｌｏｙｓａｓｃｏｍｍｅｒｃｉａｌｏｎｅｓｈａｖｅｌｏｎｇｈｉｓ ｔｏｒｙ .Ｔｈｅｆｉｒｓｔｃｏｍｍｅｒｃｉａｌ 3ＸＸＸａｌｌｏｙｗａｓｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｅｄｉｎ190 6ａｎｄｔｈｅｍａｉｎａｌｌｏｙｉｎｇｅｌｅｍｅｎｔｓｏｆｔｈｉｓａｌｌｏｙａｒｅ 1.2 5ｗ (Ｂ) %Ｍｎａｎｄ 0 .13ｗ (Ｂ) %Ｃｕ .Ｉｎ 192 9,30 0 4ａｌｌｏｙｗｉｔｈ 1ｗ (Ｂ) %Ｍｇｅｌｅｍｅｎｔｃａｍｅｉｎｔｏｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｉａｌｕｓｅ .Ｏｖｅｒｐａｓｔｔｗｅｎｔｙ ｙｅａｒｓ ,3ＸＸＸｓｅｒ…     

Effect of interface kinetics on the eutectic growth

Eutectic alloy is widely used as structural and/or functional materials. The first mathematical model for the eutectic growth was established by Jackson and Hunt (JH)[1]. Assuming that crystals grow at low velocities, the lamellar spacing is much smaller than the solute diffusion distance, and the liquid composition at the solid-liquid interface is approximately the same as the equilibrium eutectic composition. They gave a relation- ship between the undercooling at the interface ?T and the e…     

Microscopic phase-field simulation of Cr atom substitution character during formation of Ll2 and DO22 phases in Ni-Cr-Al alloy

The simulations of Cr atom substitution character during the formation of L12 and DO22 phases in Ni-Cr-Al alloy were performed at 873 K based on microscopic phase-field model. It is found that the substitution of Cr is affected by Cr and Al contents and limits of occupation probabilities of Cr atom in L12 phase are present. The precipitate is single L12 phase when the component is less than the limit, Cr atoms substitute the Al sublattices in Ll2 phase, and both of atoms Al and Cr occupy the β-sites and complex phases Ni3（Al1-xCrx） are formed; Cr atoms enter Ni sites when Al and Cr contents exceed the limit, and substitute β-sites or both of α- and β-sites. The DO22 phase is formed at the boundary of Ll2 phase.     

Microstructural evolution during aging of Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V-1Cr-1Fe alloy

The evolution of microstructure on aging of an (α+β) titanium alloy (Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V-1Cr-1Fe) in the β and (α+β) solution-treated and quenched conditions was investigated. The presence of very fine ω phase was detected by electron diffraction for samples aged below 400 °C. The fine α aggregates are uniformly formed within β grains by nucleating at the ω particles or β/ω interfaces. At higher temperature, the formation of ω phase is avoided and the α lamellae are precipitated at the preferred site of grain boundary and then within the matrix. The highest hardness values are found when the alloys are aged at 450 °C for β condition and 350 °C for (α+β) condition. Foundation item: Project (50634030) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China; Project (2007DS04014) supported by the Program of Science and Technology of Shandong Province, China; Project supported by the Open Research Fund from the State Key Laboratory of Rolling and Automation, Northeastern University, China     

Hydrothermal preparation and crystal habit of X-zeolite powder

The preparation of X-zeolite powder was investigatedin hydrothermal system, the crystal growth process of X-zeolite in hydrothermal condition was characterized by means of X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope and infrared ray. The results show that X-zeolite powder with uniform granularity and intact crystal shape can be obtained in hydrothermal system of acid-treated stellerite-NaOH-NaAl(OH)4-H2O; the crystallite size is in the range of 2 - 3μm. The best reaction time of hydrothermal preparation is 6 h. The formation phases of X-zeolite crystal are as follows: dissolution of feedstocks → formation of [SiO4]4- and [AlO4]5- tetrahedron, many-membered ring,β cage → formation of crystal nucleus and nano-particle → aggregation growth of nano-particle → coalescence growth of crystallite. The crystal habits of X-zeolite are intimately related with crystallization orientation ofβ cage in crystal and with its coupling stability on every crystal face family.     

Novel wide band gap alloyed semiconductors, <Emphasis Type="Italic">x</Emphasis>(LiGaO<Subscript>2</Subscript>)<Subscript>1/2</Subscript>-(1−<Emphasis Type="Italic">x</Emphasis>)ZnO,and fabrication of their thin films

Oxide semiconductor alloys of x(LiGaO₂)_1/2-(1−x)ZnO were fabricated by the solid state reaction between β-LiGaO₂ and ZnO and rf-magnetron sputtering. For the solid state reaction, the wurtzite-type single phases were obtained in the composition range of x⩽0.38. The formation range of the alloys was wider than that of the (Mg_1−x Zn _x )O system, because the β-LiGaO₂ possesses a wurtzite-derived structure and approximately the same lattice constants with ZnO. The electrical resistivity and energy band gap of the 0.38(LiGaO₂)_1/2-0.62ZnO alloyed ceramic were 0.45 Ωcm and 3.7 eV, respectively, at room temperature. For the alloying by sputtering, the films consisting of the wurtzite-type single phase were obtained over the entire composition range of x(LiGaO₂)_1/2-(1−x)ZnO. The energy band gap was controllable in the range from 3.3 to 5.6 eV. For the as-deposited film fabricated using the 0.4(LiGaO₂)_1/2-0.6ZnO alloyed ceramic target, the energy band gap was 3.74 eV, and the electrical resistivity, carrier density and the Hall mobility at room temperature were 3.6 Ωcm, 3.4×10¹⁷ cm⁻³ and 5.6 cm² V⁻¹ s⁻¹, respectively.     

Investigation of microgravity effect on solidification of medium-low-melting-point alloy by drop tube experiment

The solidification microstructure of Al-Ni, Al-Cu, Ag-Cu, Al-Pb and Cu-Co alloys quenched in silicone oil before and after free fall in evacuated 50 m drop tube were investigated contrastively. The effect of microgravity on the solidification process of medium-low-melting-point eutectic, monotectic and peritectic alloys were analyzed and discussed. The results indicated that the effects of microgravity on the eutectic cell shape, the pattern in eutectic cell and the inter-eutectic spacing were different for different types of eutectic systems; the size distribution of Pb particles in Al-5wt% Pb monotectic alloy was significantly changed by microgravity; and the shape of retained primary α-Co phase in Cu-10wt%Co peritectic alloy was also changed by microgravity. These results are beneficial for people to further identify and analyze the solidification behavior of multiphase alloys under microgravity.     

Effects of Ti,Al and Hf on niobium silcides formation in the Nb-Si <Emphasis Type="Italic">in situ</Emphasis> composites

The effects of alloying elements Ti, Al and Hf on niobium silicides formation in the Nb-Si in situ composites have been investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The binary, ternary and multicomponent alloys have been fabricated by vacuum non-consumable arc melting method. The results show that Ti tends to stabilize Nb₃Si phase, while Al promotes the direct formation of β-Nb₅Si₃ phase with a tetrahedral D8 _m structure. Exceptionally, it seems that Hf is beneficial to the formation of γ-Nb₅Si₃ phase with a hexangular D8₈ structure. For the multicomponent Nb-Si in situ composites, the cooperative effects of different elements on niobium silicides formation basically maintain the character of ternary system.     

The dislocation sub-structure evolution during hot compressive deformation of Ti-6Al-2Zr-1Mo-1V alloy at 800 °C

Hot compressive behaviors of Ti-6Al-2Zr-1Mo-1V alloy at 800 °C, as well as the evolution of microstructure during deformation process, were investigated. The experimental results show that flow stress increases to a peak stress followed by a decease with increasing strain, and finally forms a stable stage. Dislocations are generated at the interface of α/β phase, and the phase interface and dislocation loops play an important role in impeding the movement of dislocation. As strain increasing, micro-deformation bands with high-density dislocation are formed, and dynamic recrystallizaton occurs finally. XRD Fourier analysis reveals that dislocation density increases followed by a decrease during compressive deformation, and falls into the range from 10¹⁰ to 10¹¹ cm⁻².