Effect and mechanism of siderite on reverse anionic flotation of quartz from hematite

Reverse flotation technology is one of the most efficient ways to improve the quality and reduce impurity of iron concentrate. Mineral processors dealing with hematite face a challenge that the flotation results of reverse flotation of hematite are poor in presence of siderite using fatty acid as collector, starch as depressant of iron minerals and calcium ion as activator of quartz at strong alkaline pH. In this work, the effect of siderite on reverse anionic flotation of quartz from hematite was investigated. The effect mechanism of siderite on reverse flotation of hematite was studied by solution chemistry, ultraviolet spectrophotometry(UV) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR). It was observed that siderite had strong depressive effect on quartz in flotation using sodium oleate as collector, corn starch as depressant of iron minerals and calcium chloride as activator of quartz at strong alkaline pH. The starch was adsorbed onto calcium carbonate by chemical reaction which was formed by CO~(2-)_3 from siderite dissolution and Ca~(2+) from calcium chloride as activator of quartz and precipitated on the surface of quartz, which resulted in improving the hydrophilic ability of quartz.     

Novel polyhydroxy cationic collector N-(2,3-propanediol)-N-dodecylamine: Synthesis and flotation performance to hematite and quartz

To enhance the performance of traditional cationic collector, a novel polyhydroxy amine collector N-(2,3-Propanediol)-N-dodecylamine (PDDA) was designed by introducing one propylene glycol group into dodecylamine (DDA). It was prepared by a nucleophilic substitution reaction, which showed better solubility and hydrophobicity than DDA and was firstly employed as the collector for the separation of hematite and quartz. Flotation tests showed that PDDA had an excellent flotation performance and significantly better selectivity than DDA. In addition, the flotation performance and adsorption mechanism of PDDA on hematite and quartz surfaces were studied using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), zeta potential and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) tests. These results demonstrated that the interaction between PDDA and the minerals’ surfaces was mainly electrostatic adsorption and hydrogen bond, while PDDA tended to adsorb on the surfaces of quartz more than that of hematite. Performance optimization of amine collectors by introducing hydroxyl was also verified, which was of great meaning to the design, development, and application of the polyhydroxy cationic collector. In conclusion, PDDA could be used as a potential collector in the flotation separation of quartz and hematite.     

胍基阳离子捕收剂反浮选磷矿的性能与机理分析

为了研究磷矿反浮脱硅过程中,胍基阳离子磷矿捕收剂的作用机理,以N-椰油基-1,3-丙撑二胺、单氰胺、乙酸为原料制得一种阳离子表面活性剂,并用于傅里叶红外光谱仪表征,测试了该药剂与3种矿物作用前后的接触角、Zeta电位、红外光谱,进行了石英、白云石、胶磷矿的纯矿物浮选试验等。结果表明:该合成药剂属胍基阳离子表面活性剂,在广泛pH值范围内,对石英的捕收能力较强,对白云石次之,对胶磷矿较弱;在弱碱性下,对白云石捕收性能有所提高;相较白云石、胶磷矿,该药剂更易与石英产生吸附作用,使矿物表面呈现疏水性;接触角、Zeta电位、红外光谱测试结果说明与3种矿物的吸附主要是物理吸附。试验结果说明该胍基阳离子表面活性剂可以作为磷矿反浮脱硅捕收剂。     

辛基羟肟酸浮选行为的研究进展

羟肟酸是一类高效、低毒、选择性强的捕收剂,已被广泛应用于多种金属矿,特别是稀土矿物的浮选。其中,辛基羟肟酸（OHA）碳链长度适中,生产工艺简单且成本低,具有良好的浮选性能和起泡性能。介绍了OHA的合成方法、捕收机理、分析检测手段及其在稀土矿物、钨矿物、铁矿物、锡石、孔雀石等矿物浮选中的应用。OHA可通过络合作用与多种金属离子形成稳定的杂环螯合物,从而实现药剂在矿物表面的选择性吸附。OHA浮选pH范围较宽,pH为7左右浮选效果最佳。在抑制剂的作用下,OHA能实现稀土矿物、钨矿物等有价矿物与重晶石、萤石、石英等脉石矿物的有效分离。开发基于OHA 的组合药剂,有望获得更好的选别指标和经济效益。     

FLOTATION SEPARATION OF WOLLASTONITE FROM DIOPSIDE

The floatabilities of single mineral samples of wollas-tonite and diopside have been studied with addition, of a cationic collector,dodecyoamine hydrochloride (DDA·HCl) , and,modifiers. A mixture oftwo minerals was successfully separated,when DDA·HCl and tannicacid (as depressant)were used together. The interaction between tannicacid and wollastonite and diopside in the pulp and the adsorption of tannicacid on the surface of the two minerals was studide with the help of ultra-violet (UV) spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) ,re-spectively.     

Effect and mechanism of dolomite with different size fractions on hematite flotation using sodium oleate as collector

The effect of dolomite with different particle size fractions on hematite flotation was studied using sodium oleate as collector at p H of about 9. The effect mechanism of dolomite on hematite flotation was investigated by means of solution chemistry, ultraviolet spectrophotometry(UV), inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry(ICP-AES) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS). It is observed that dolomite with different size fractions has depressing effect on hematite flotation using sodium oleate as collector, and dolomite could be the "mineral depressant" of hematite using sodium oleate as collector. The reasons for that are concerned with sodium oleate consumption and the adsorption onto hematite of dissolved species of dolomite.     

Flotation of quartz using N-(2-aminoethyl)-octadecanamide as collector

1　INTRODUCTIONMuchworkhasbeendoneonthefrothflotationofquartzinRefs .[1 6 ].Bothcationicandanioniccollectorsareemployedinquartzflotation .Ingener al ,thecollectorsarelong chained ,withatleasttencarbonatoms presentinthehydrocarbon portion .Cationiccollectorscommonlyutilizedareamines ,in cluding primaryamines ,secondaryamines ,tertiaryamines,quaternaryammoniumsalts ,sulphoniumsalt,alkylpyridiniumsaltsanddiamine .Foranioniccollec tor ,thecommonlyused ,arecarboxylate ,sulphonate ,alkylsulpha…     

Flotation of copper oxide minerals: A review

Copper oxide minerals are important copper resources, which include malachite, azurite, chrysocolla, cuprite, etc. Flotation is the most widely used method for the enrichment of copper oxide minerals in the mineral processing industry. In this paper, the surface properties of copper oxide minerals and their effects on the mineral flotation behavior are systematically summarized. The flotation methods of copper oxide minerals and the interaction mechanism with reagents are reviewed in detail. Flotation methods include direct flotation (using chelating reagents or a fatty acid as collector), sulfidization flotation (using xanthate as collector), and activation flotation (using chelating reagents, ammonium/amine salts, metal ions, and oxidant for activation). An effective way to realize efficient flotation of copper oxide minerals is to increase active sites on the surface of copper oxide minerals to enhance the interaction of collector with the mineral surface. Besides, various perspectives for further investigation on the efficient recovery of copper oxide minerals are proposed.     

胶磷矿柱式双反浮选工艺研究

针对我国西南地区难选硅-钙质胶磷矿,采用旋流-静态微泡浮选柱对其进行了柱式双反浮选工艺的研究.以硫酸和磷酸作为磷矿物抑制剂,脂肪酸类药剂PA-64作为碳酸盐矿物捕收剂,胺类药剂GE-601作为硅酸盐矿物捕收剂,考察了磨矿细度、药剂用量、循环泵工作压力等因素对浮选指标的影响.研究结果表明,采用旋流-静态微泡浮选柱双反浮选工艺,可以得到精矿P_2O_5品位30.49%,MgO含量0.73%,磷回收率81.03%的浮选指标,简化了胶磷矿浮选工艺流程.     

锡石,赤铁矿和石英体系选择性絮凝分离的研究

本文用不同分子量和水解度的聚丙烯酰胺作为絮凝剂,考察了赤铁矿、锡石和石英单矿物的絮凝特性,金属离子的活化作用,以及有铁离子存在时,锡石和石英难于分离的原因.研究结果认为:即使赤铁矿溶解的水溶液,其中虽含少量的铁离子,也能使锡石和石英活化,添加适量的 EDTA,六偏磷酸钠三聚磷酸钠和氟化钠可以防止锡石和石英的活化,有助于它们的分离.本文还对锡石、石英和赤铁矿三种产品的分离进行了研究,结果表明,三产品可用选择性新工艺将以分离,所得指标以优先絮凝流程优于混合絮凝流程,而且絮凝过程中发现,混合使用去活剂和添加少量的捕收剂效果良好.     

EFFECTS OF DISSOLVED MINERAL SPECIES ON THESURFACECHEMICALCHARACTERISTIC，ELECTROKINETICPROPERTYANDFLOTATIO

ＥＦＦＥＣＴＳＯＦＤＩＳＳＯＬＶＥＤＭＩＮＥＲＡＬＳＰＥＣＩＥＳＯＮＴＨＥＳＵＲＦＡＣＥＣＨＥＭＩＣＡＬＣＨＡＲＡＣＴＥＲＩＳＴＩＣ，ＥＬＥＣＴＲＯＫＩＮＥＴＩＣＰＲＯＰＥＲＴＹＡＮＤＦＬＯＴＡＴＩＯＮＢＥＨＡＶＩＯＲＯＦＦＬＵＯＲＩＴＥＡＮＤＳＣＨ...     

钙离子影响十二烷基磺酸钠捕收石英的机理研究

采用浮选实验、ZETA电位测定、红外光谱分析以及钙离子溶液的化学计算,研究了钙离子在阴离子捕收荆十二烷基磺酸钠(SAS)体系下对石英表面ZETA电位和浮选行为的影响.结果表明:Ca(OH)+是影响石英表面ZETA电位的主要原因,同时说明Ca(OH)+是钙离子活化阴离子捕收剂SAS捕收石英的主要活性成分.     

Interactions between bubble and particles of key minerals of diasporic bauxite through the extended DLVO theory

The flotation of diasporic bauxite is to separate diaspore (valuable mineral) from aluminosilicate minerals (gangue minerals, mainly including kaolinite, illite and pyrophyllite), and the microscopic interaction force between the two types of minerals and air bubbles determines the separation efficiency. In this paper, based on the extended Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO) theory, the van der Waals, electrostatic and hydrophobic interaction between particles of the four minerals mentioned above and air bubbles in collectorless solution were calculated first, and then diaspore and kaolinite were taken as examples to analyze the influence of various factors such as electrolyte concentration, mineral particle size, air bubble size, collector type (dodecylamine hydrochloride (DAH) and sodium oleate (NaOL)) and concentration, and pulp pH on the interactions between the particles of valuable mineral and gangue minerals and air bubbles. The results showed that the total extended DLVO interactions between the four minerals and air bubbles were repulsive in most cases in collectorless solution. The increase in electrolyte concentration reduced the interaction force or even changed the direction of the force under certain circumstances. The addition of DAH and NaOL can reduce the adhesion energy barrier of kaolinite-bubble and diaspore-bubble respectively. Each type of minerals exhibited a specific interface interaction response with air bubbles in each collector with different pH values. The research results have theoretical guiding significance for the optimization and directional control of diasporic bauxite flotation conditions.     

Flotation of kaolinite and diaspore with hexadecyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride

Tertiary amine was synthesized from fatty amine and formaldehyde. And then the synthesized tertiary amine was used to react with benzyl chloride to synthesize hexadecyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride （1627） at ambient pressure. Using the synthesized 1627 as collector,the flotation properties of diaspore and kaolinite were investigated by single mineral and mixed mineral test. The flotation mechanism of diaspore,kaolinite and 1627 was discussed based on FTIR spectra. The results show that the mass ratio of aluminum to silicate achieves 15.02 and the recovery of alumina in concentrate is 43.07% using 1627 as a collector. The 1627 is found to be a more effective and a promising collector for reverse flotation to remove aluminum-silicate minerals from bauxite.     

Physical chemistry mechanisms of CDR system in sulphide mineral flotation

The flotation tests,zeta potential measurements,and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR) analysis on galena,sphalerite,and pyrite were studied in a collecting-depressing-reactivating(CDR) system.In this system,sulphide minerals were first collected and acti-vated by the collector,and then depressed strongly by Ca(OH)2 in a strong alkaline solution.Finally,they were reactivated by H2SO4.The flotation tests of pure minerals showed that in the Ca(OH)2 depressing process sulphide minerals had similar flotation characteristics because they had already been influenced by the collector.Hence,the flotability differences between them were reduced.However,in the H2SO4 re-activating process considerable differences in the flotability between galena and sphalerite/pyrite were produced.That is to say,galena was relatively easy to be reactivated by H2SO4,but sphalerite and pyrite were not reactivated at pH 11.The zeta potentials of sulfide minerals measured by the Zeta Plus presented irreversible characteristics on the change of pH values.The results of the FTIR spectra analysis indi-cated that the collectors already adsorbed on the mineral surface were removed partially by Ca(OH)2.     

Effect of 2-aminothiophenol on the separation of jamesonite and marmatite

The minerals jamesonite and marmatite have similar surface properties.Separating them using a flotation method is inefficient.For separation of lead and zinc the lead mineral is generally floated preferentially to the zinc mineral,which appears in the sinks.In this study a new of collector,2-aminothiophenoi,is introduced that can float a zinc mineral,as a product entrapped in foam,preferentially.Single mineral flotation tests revealed that 2-aminothiophenol has good selectivity for flotation of marmatite.An artificial mixture of minerals used in a flotation test showed that 2-aminothiophenol can effectively separate marmatite from jamesonite.A product assaying at 45.06% Zn and 4.06% Pb was produced.FTIR spectra were employed to probe the adsorption mechanism of 2-aminothiophenol onto marmatite.The results indicate that adsorption of 2-aminothiophenol onto jamesonite and marmatite were,respectively,physical adsorption and chemical adsorption.This agrees with the flotation results.     

铝硅酸盐矿物新型浮选捕收剂的研究

考察了自行合成的新型阳离子表面活性剂QAS222对高岭石、叶蜡石和伊利石等铝硅酸盐矿物的浮选行为,试验研究结果表明：广泛矿浆pH范围内,新型阳离子表面活性剂QAS222对铝硅酸盐矿物既表现出较强的捕收力,又显示良好的选择性,是铝硅酸盐矿物的有效捕收剂,可应用于铝硅酸盐矿物的浮选富集,同样也可用于铝土矿、铁矿、萤石矿等选别过程的反浮选脱硅;在矿浆pH=11时,以QAS222为捕收剂,不添加其它任何抑制剂,成功地实现不同铝硅比的人工混合矿的反浮选脱硅,并获得较好的选别指标——当给矿A/S仅有2．7时,仍能获得精矿A／S为12．82,其中Al2O3品位77．79％、回收率69．91％的较好指标,且当给矿A／S不断增大时,精矿中的A/S,Al2O3的品位和回收率都有所提高．     

SURFACE CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND FLOATION SEPARATION OF WOLLASTONITE AND GARNET

In order to nealize the efficient floatation separation ofgarnet and wollastonite,the authors studied the surface chemical charac-teristics and various floatation behaviour of the two minerals,developedacidic combination depressant FD_1 and introduced sodium oleate,FeCl_3 andFD_1 as the flotation agent,they achieved success.In the experimental re-search on the artificiallymixed ores separation,the recovery and concentra-tion grade of the two minerals were both over 92% and 95% respectively.At the same time,it was found that the chemical absorption form of ironoleate presented bridge and chelating patterns on the surfaces of garnetand wollastonite activated by Fe~(3+).     

STUDY ON MECHANISM OF MIXED COLLECTORS IN SEPARATION OF FELDSPAR AND QUARTZ

Acidless and fluoless flotation is a new method for sepa-rating feldspar from quartz at the natural pH value of tap water in the ab-sence of any acid and fluoride and other inorganic reagents.The paperdiscusses the mechanism of mixed collectors in separation of feldspar andquartz by means of mono-mineral flotation experiment,determination ofsurface-tension,analisis of fluorescence,infrared spectrum,Auger electron sepectrum,and quantum chemistry calculation.     

胶磷矿浮选技术的改进

胶磷矿浮选过程选择性差的根本原因,是由于矿物组分尤其镁离子的溶解,造成矿物表面性质相互转化和捕收剂皂盐在矿物表面无选择性沉积. 通过控制浮选条件和药剂制度,尽可能避免捕收剂和溶解组份在矿物表面无选择性吸附或沉积,是选择性调控胶磷矿浮选性质的重要手段. 此外,采用机柱联合浮选装置来改善胶磷矿的浮选分离环境,对提高其浮选效率也非常重要. 实验表明:对原矿含五氧化二磷22.16%、氧化镁3.15%、二氧化硅25.41%的湖北远安磷矿石,通过采取以上改进措施,采用简单的单一浮选工艺,可获得磷精矿五氧化二磷品位＞30%、回收率＞80%和氧化镁品位1%左右的分选指标