Effect and mechanism of siderite on reverse anionic flotation of quartz from hematite

Reverse flotation technology is one of the most efficient ways to improve the quality and reduce impurity of iron concentrate. Mineral processors dealing with hematite face a challenge that the flotation results of reverse flotation of hematite are poor in presence of siderite using fatty acid as collector, starch as depressant of iron minerals and calcium ion as activator of quartz at strong alkaline pH. In this work, the effect of siderite on reverse anionic flotation of quartz from hematite was investigated. The effect mechanism of siderite on reverse flotation of hematite was studied by solution chemistry, ultraviolet spectrophotometry(UV) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR). It was observed that siderite had strong depressive effect on quartz in flotation using sodium oleate as collector, corn starch as depressant of iron minerals and calcium chloride as activator of quartz at strong alkaline pH. The starch was adsorbed onto calcium carbonate by chemical reaction which was formed by CO~(2-)_3 from siderite dissolution and Ca~(2+) from calcium chloride as activator of quartz and precipitated on the surface of quartz, which resulted in improving the hydrophilic ability of quartz.     

Adsorption mechanism of N-laurel-1,3-diaminopropane in a hematite-quartz flotation system

The strong collecting performance of N-laurel-13-diaminopropane (ND13) with respect to quartz encouraged us to study its separation of hematite and quartz mixtures in a laboratory cell flotation test.The results show that the best separation results can be achieved when the pulp pH is 7.27 and 583 mg/L collector plus 6.67 mg/L depressant are added to the mixture. Products with 58.45%, 62.78% and 63.72%iron grades can be achieved respectively when mass ratio of hematite to quartz is 2:3, 1:1, and 3:2. The adsorption mechanism of ND13 on a quartz surface was investigated by zeta-potential and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements. The results reveal that electrostatic and hydrogen bonding adsorption take place between ND13 and the quartz surface, and that ND13 mainly interacts with the oxygen atoms on the quartz surface.     

Effect of butanol on flotation separation of quartz from hematite with N-dodecyl ethylenediamine

In order to investigate the effect of butanol on quartz flotation when N-dodecyl ethylenediamine(ND)was used as collector, single mineral flotation and artificial mixed mineral(hematite and quartz were mixed at a mass ratio of 3:2) separation were conducted in the laboratory. Experimental results indicated that addition of butanol could improve the collecting performance of ND on quartz and enhance the floatability of quartz. Best flotation recovery of quartz was obtained when butanol was mixed with ND at a mass ratio of 1:1. Moreover, the molecular structure of alcohols had a significant effect on mineral recovery. Best separation efficiency could be obtained when tert-butanol was added as it had the largest cross-sectional area. Zeta potential measurements indicated that alcohols could strengthen electrostatic adsorption between quartz and collector. Molecular dynamic simulations revealed that co-adsorption of alcohols along with ND had taken place on the quartz surface, and ND/tert-butyl combinations were more easily absorbed on the quartz surface.     

Novel polyhydroxy cationic collector N-(2,3-propanediol)-N-dodecylamine: Synthesis and flotation performance to hematite and quartz

To enhance the performance of traditional cationic collector, a novel polyhydroxy amine collector N-(2,3-Propanediol)-N-dodecylamine (PDDA) was designed by introducing one propylene glycol group into dodecylamine (DDA). It was prepared by a nucleophilic substitution reaction, which showed better solubility and hydrophobicity than DDA and was firstly employed as the collector for the separation of hematite and quartz. Flotation tests showed that PDDA had an excellent flotation performance and significantly better selectivity than DDA. In addition, the flotation performance and adsorption mechanism of PDDA on hematite and quartz surfaces were studied using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), zeta potential and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) tests. These results demonstrated that the interaction between PDDA and the minerals’ surfaces was mainly electrostatic adsorption and hydrogen bond, while PDDA tended to adsorb on the surfaces of quartz more than that of hematite. Performance optimization of amine collectors by introducing hydroxyl was also verified, which was of great meaning to the design, development, and application of the polyhydroxy cationic collector. In conclusion, PDDA could be used as a potential collector in the flotation separation of quartz and hematite.     

钙离子影响十二烷基磺酸钠捕收石英的机理研究

采用浮选实验、ZETA电位测定、红外光谱分析以及钙离子溶液的化学计算,研究了钙离子在阴离子捕收荆十二烷基磺酸钠(SAS)体系下对石英表面ZETA电位和浮选行为的影响.结果表明:Ca(OH)+是影响石英表面ZETA电位的主要原因,同时说明Ca(OH)+是钙离子活化阴离子捕收剂SAS捕收石英的主要活性成分.     

胍基阳离子捕收剂反浮选磷矿的性能与机理分析

为了研究磷矿反浮脱硅过程中,胍基阳离子磷矿捕收剂的作用机理,以N-椰油基-1,3-丙撑二胺、单氰胺、乙酸为原料制得一种阳离子表面活性剂,并用于傅里叶红外光谱仪表征,测试了该药剂与3种矿物作用前后的接触角、Zeta电位、红外光谱,进行了石英、白云石、胶磷矿的纯矿物浮选试验等。结果表明:该合成药剂属胍基阳离子表面活性剂,在广泛pH值范围内,对石英的捕收能力较强,对白云石次之,对胶磷矿较弱;在弱碱性下,对白云石捕收性能有所提高;相较白云石、胶磷矿,该药剂更易与石英产生吸附作用,使矿物表面呈现疏水性;接触角、Zeta电位、红外光谱测试结果说明与3种矿物的吸附主要是物理吸附。试验结果说明该胍基阳离子表面活性剂可以作为磷矿反浮脱硅捕收剂。     

Influences of collector DLZ on chalcopyrite and pyrite flotation

The interaction mechanism of collector DLZ in the flotation process of chalcopyrite and pyrite was investigated through flotation experiments, zeta potential measurements and infrared spectrum analysis. Flotation test results indicate that DLZ is the selective collector of chalcopyrite. Especially, the recovery of chalcopyrite is higher than 90% in neutral and weak alkaline systems, while the recovery of pyrite is less than 10%. When using CaO as pH regulator, at pH=7-11, the floatability of pyrite is depressed and the recovery is less than 5%. Zeta potential analysis shows that the zeta potential of chalcopyrite decreases more obviously than that of pyrite after interaction with DLZ, confirming that collector DLZ shows selectivity to chalcopyrite and pyrite. And FT1R results reveal that the flotation selectivity of collector DLZ is due to chemical absorption onto chalcopyrite surface and only physical absorption onto pyrite surface.     

安徽某地石英砂的加温反浮选试验

研究了温度从15℃升高到50℃时,安徽省某地石英砂矿物的反浮选特性。研究表明在矿浆pH值2-2．5时,温度为45℃,石英表面ζ电位的负值是试验温度范围内的最低值,此时长石的表面ζ电位的负值比在25℃时要大,有利于阳离子捕收剂在长石表面的吸附,从而提高长石与石英的浮选分离效果。     

EFFECT OF SOLUTION CHEMISTRY ON THE FLOTATION SEPARATION OF WOLLASTONITE FROM QUARTZ

This paper deals with the flotation separation of wollas-tonite from quartz by using Na-oleate as a collector and metallic ion as anactivator. The reasons why wollastonite is difficult to separate from quartzusing Na-oleate as a collector have been studied. It is found that quartzdoes not float well in a mixture of wollastonite and quartz because of thesolution chemistry effect in a wollastonite suspension. The compositions ofthe wollastonite suspensions have been studied, and the (?)-potential of thetwo minerals have been determined to explain the solution chemistry effectson the flotation of the respective minerals.     

Flotation of copper oxide minerals: A review

Copper oxide minerals are important copper resources, which include malachite, azurite, chrysocolla, cuprite, etc. Flotation is the most widely used method for the enrichment of copper oxide minerals in the mineral processing industry. In this paper, the surface properties of copper oxide minerals and their effects on the mineral flotation behavior are systematically summarized. The flotation methods of copper oxide minerals and the interaction mechanism with reagents are reviewed in detail. Flotation methods include direct flotation (using chelating reagents or a fatty acid as collector), sulfidization flotation (using xanthate as collector), and activation flotation (using chelating reagents, ammonium/amine salts, metal ions, and oxidant for activation). An effective way to realize efficient flotation of copper oxide minerals is to increase active sites on the surface of copper oxide minerals to enhance the interaction of collector with the mineral surface. Besides, various perspectives for further investigation on the efficient recovery of copper oxide minerals are proposed.     

纳米泡提高细粒煤浮选效果的研究

泡沫浮选槽中微细粒级低效浮选的原因是颗粒与气泡的碰撞概率低,而粗颗粒浮选回收差的原因是大量颗粒从气泡上脱落,采用文丘里管产生纳米泡,研究了利用纳米泡提高细粒煤浮选效果的机理,结果表明:纳米泡浮选过程中,纳米泡会优先聚集在疏水性颗粒表面,通过调整给料速度、捕收剂添加量等浮选条件,可燃体回收率提高10%～30%,纳米泡起到了辅助捕收的作用,并可以减少药剂用量1/3～1/2.     

Comparative studies on phosphate ore flotation collectors prepared by hogwash oil from different regions

In order to compare the differences between variations of phosphate ore flotation collectors prepared by hogwash oils, JZQ-F collectors were prepared by the hydrolysis method using four types of hogwash oils from different regions in China. The components of the hogwash oils were determined using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FIIR) spectra analysis, while the components of the JZQ-F were determined through gas chromatography–mass spectrometry(GC–MS). The flotation effects of the JZQ-F collectors were investigated by flotation experiments and the adsorption characteristics were determined through the quartz crystal microbalance(QCM-D). Results show that the JZQ-F collector from the Ordos area has 27.43% unsaturated fatty acids. JZQ-F collectors from Beijing, Qingdao, and Dongguan areas contain over 62% of unsaturated fatty acids, which can acquire phosphorous concentrates with a the grade of P_2O_5 above 31.96% and the recovery higher than 91.52%. These three collectors have a larger adsorption capacity, faster adsorption rate, and stronger adsorption structure on apatite surface, which contributed to a good adsorption performance and a favorable flotation effect.     

胶磷矿浮选技术的改进

胶磷矿浮选过程选择性差的根本原因,是由于矿物组分尤其镁离子的溶解,造成矿物表面性质相互转化和捕收剂皂盐在矿物表面无选择性沉积. 通过控制浮选条件和药剂制度,尽可能避免捕收剂和溶解组份在矿物表面无选择性吸附或沉积,是选择性调控胶磷矿浮选性质的重要手段. 此外,采用机柱联合浮选装置来改善胶磷矿的浮选分离环境,对提高其浮选效率也非常重要. 实验表明:对原矿含五氧化二磷22.16%、氧化镁3.15%、二氧化硅25.41%的湖北远安磷矿石,通过采取以上改进措施,采用简单的单一浮选工艺,可获得磷精矿五氧化二磷品位＞30%、回收率＞80%和氧化镁品位1%左右的分选指标     

A new synthetic chelating collector for the flotation of oxidized-lead mineral

A new synthetic reagent DPTUHP [diphenyl α-（3-phenylthioureido） hexylpbosphonate] containing a hydrocarbon chain nonpolar group, a thioureido, and a phosphonate easter chelating group, has proven to be an effective collector for the flotation of cerussite mineral. The synthetic method utilized the Mannich-type reaction of an N-monosubstituted thiourea, an aldehyde, and triphenyl phosphate in glacial acetic acid solution. The experimental results of flotation of the cerussite mineral show that the collector has stronger collecting ability and higher selectivity in a neutral and a slightly alkaline medium, especially in the pulp of pH=8. Using the measurements by infrared spectroscopy （IR） and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS） of the cerussite mineral, the collector, as well as the cerussite treated with the collector, the flotation mechanism of cerussite has been discussed. It is concluded that the adsorption of collector on cerussite is a chemical adsorption through the electron donor atoms of the collector chelating the Pb （ Ⅱ ） of cerussite to form chelate.     

辛基羟肟酸浮选行为的研究进展

羟肟酸是一类高效、低毒、选择性强的捕收剂,已被广泛应用于多种金属矿,特别是稀土矿物的浮选。其中,辛基羟肟酸（OHA）碳链长度适中,生产工艺简单且成本低,具有良好的浮选性能和起泡性能。介绍了OHA的合成方法、捕收机理、分析检测手段及其在稀土矿物、钨矿物、铁矿物、锡石、孔雀石等矿物浮选中的应用。OHA可通过络合作用与多种金属离子形成稳定的杂环螯合物,从而实现药剂在矿物表面的选择性吸附。OHA浮选pH范围较宽,pH为7左右浮选效果最佳。在抑制剂的作用下,OHA能实现稀土矿物、钨矿物等有价矿物与重晶石、萤石、石英等脉石矿物的有效分离。开发基于OHA 的组合药剂,有望获得更好的选别指标和经济效益。     

Flotation of kaolinite and diaspore with hexadecyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride

Tertiary amine was synthesized from fatty amine and formaldehyde. And then the synthesized tertiary amine was used to react with benzyl chloride to synthesize hexadecyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride （1627） at ambient pressure. Using the synthesized 1627 as collector,the flotation properties of diaspore and kaolinite were investigated by single mineral and mixed mineral test. The flotation mechanism of diaspore,kaolinite and 1627 was discussed based on FTIR spectra. The results show that the mass ratio of aluminum to silicate achieves 15.02 and the recovery of alumina in concentrate is 43.07% using 1627 as a collector. The 1627 is found to be a more effective and a promising collector for reverse flotation to remove aluminum-silicate minerals from bauxite.     

改性脂肪酸对磷矿的浮选

改性脂肪酸XF-1是一种新型的磷矿捕收剂.为了考察XF-1对磷矿的浮选效果,选取XF-1、磺化油酸钠及油酸钠为捕收剂对宜化磷矿进行浮选,动电位及单矿物吸咐对比分析表明,在捕收剂用量为1.5kg/t,浮选温度为30℃时,XF-1、磺化油酸钠和油酸钠将五氧化二磷品位为21%的粗磷矿分别提升到27%、23.6%、22.1%,磷回收率分别为85%、75.4%、74.8%;在低温15~25℃时,XF-1浮选获得磷矿品位和磷回收率明显高于磺化油酸钠和油酸钠.采用粗选与精选相结合的闭路浮选工艺,捕收剂XF-1选别出品位为30%、磷回收率为90%的磷精矿,且精矿氧化镁含量只有1.4%.XF-1所表现出的亲和力和吸附力优于磺化油酸钠和油酸钠,XF-1具有良好的捕收性能.     

脂类捕收剂DLZ对黄铜矿和黄铁矿浮选的选择性作用

通过浮选实验、吸附量和红外光谱测定,考察了捕收剂DLZ对黄铜矿和黄铁矿浮选性能的影响及作用机理.结果表明:DLZ在pH=2.7～12.05时对黄铜矿的捕收能力强,最大回收率95.7%,而对黄铁矿的捕收能力弱,且PH=6.9～12.05时其回收率小于10%.用CaO作pH调整剂时,在pH=7～11时黄铜矿的回收率与用NaOH调PH相差不大,但黄铁矿可浮性被抑制,回收率低于5%.DLZ在黄铜矿上的吸附量比在黄铁矿上的大,特别是强碱条件下;其吸附量随用量的增加而增大.DLZ与矿物作用的红外光谱分析表明:黄铜矿与DLZ作用后出现了DLZ的相关特征吸收峰,而黄铁矿与DLZ以及Cu~(2+)作用前后的红外光谱曲线基本没有变化,可见DLZ在黄铜矿表面的吸附属于化学吸附,在黄铁矿表面的吸附属于物理吸附.     

磷矿反浮选捕收剂的评价方法

磷矿反浮选捕收剂大多数是由天然脂肪酸制成的,种类繁多,性能各异.从市场快速、准确地选择磷矿反浮选捕收剂,对浮选实践和浮选研究十分重要.浮选捕收剂的评价有助于掌握捕收剂的浮选性能,了解其在浮选过程中的作用.浮选法是浮选捕收剂的传统评价方法,程序复杂,耗时耗力.提出了一种新的浮选研究方法:燃烧-吸附量评价法,通过燃烧无机的矿石样品来测定其表面吸附的有机捕收剂量,评价磷矿反浮选捕收剂的性能.通过对油酸、硬脂酸和软脂酸这些结构明确且浮选工作者熟悉的脂肪酸的浮选性能和在白云石上的吸附量,建立了一个评价模型,验证燃烧-吸附量评价法的可行性.     

A comparison of anionic and cationic flotation of a siliceous phosphate rock in a column flotation cell

Flotation performance of a de-slimed (-150 + 53 μm)Jordanian siliceous phosphate was evaluated in a batch laboratory flotation column 100 cm high and 5 cm inside diameter. The collector used during anionic flotation was sodium oleate while an amine acetate (AEROMINE 3100C) was used for cationic flotation. Flotation comparison at different collector dosage, superficial gas velocity, and frother concentration showed that the maximum difference in performance between cationic and anionic flotation was obtained with these flotation parameters: 30 × 10 6 (mg/L) frother concentration, 250 g/tcollector concentration, and 3.4 cm/s superficial gas velocity. At these operating conditions amine (cationic) flotation gave 7% higher flotation recovery, a 6% cleaner concentrate grade, and was 6% more efficient at removing silica.